RESUMO A falta de informações sobre anatomia, fisiologia e biologia reprodutiva em muitas espécies de serpentes impossibilita compreender melhor a reprodução desses animais em vida livre e aprimorar as biotécnicas reprodutivas nessas espécies em cativeiro. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a morfologia dos testículos de Epicrates cenchria e correlacionar esses achados com aspectos ambientais e da biologia reprodutiva. Os testículos de cinco espécimes de E. cenchria foram avaliados histologicamente, sendo possível observar sazonalidade na produção espermática, com presença de espermatozoides maduros nos períodos mais chuvosos e quentes do ano, bem como o maior volume testicular nesses períodos. Correlacionando-se esses achados com o relatado em literatura sobre período de cópulas, pressupõe-se um padrão pré-nupcial (ou associado) em E. cenchria.

ABSTRACT The lack of information about anatomy, physiology and reproductive biology in many snake species makes the understanding of these free-living animals’ reproduction and reproductive biotechnics application in captivity difficult. The present study aims to evaluate the Epicrates cenchria’s testicle morphology and correlate these findings with environmental aspects and reproductive biology. The testicles of five specimens of E. cenchria were histologically evaluated, and it was possible to observe seasonality in sperm production, with the presence of mature spermatozoa in the wettest and warmest periods of the year, as well as the highest testicular volume in these periods. Correlating these findings with that reported in the literature on copulation period presupposes a prenuptial (or associated) pattern in E. cenchria.

Abstract Relations between Italy and Brazil have existed for centuries, and have been studied, from different points of view, in different disciplines such as history, anthropology and geography, in addition to Translation Studies. Commented translation has gained more and more space within this area, for clarifying to readers aspects of the translated work and the cultural and linguistic issues involved in the translation process, thus establishing the connection between the source text and the target culture (ALEXIS NOUSS, 2010). The chosen text is entitled La provincia delle Amazzoni, and was published in the Bollettino della Società geografica italiano, in Florence, in 1885, written by Giuseppe Coppi, with notes by Doctor G.A. Colini. The section selected for this collection, dedicated to travel reports, draws attention to some aspects that are worth presenting to the readers, since knowledge about society, history and culture of the time become essential for the elaboration of the final product, the translation. Here comes our active role of the translator, as a mediator, of those who live between cultures, creating not only bridges, but indissoluble bonds. (ZILLY, 2000). The objective of this work is to identify whether and how the strategies used in this proposal for an Italian translation of La Provincia delle Amazzoni were satisfactory. General observations were made about the text itself, such as, for example, in relation to the audience, the narrative, the style, the syntax and the lexicon. It is possible to say that the new text we have written presents, as its main characteristic, a certain Brazilian Italianness.

Resumo As relações entre Itália e Brasil existem há séculos, e foram estudadas, sob diversos pontos de vista, e diversas disciplinas como a história, a antropologia e a geografia, além dos Estudos da Tradução. A tradução comentada tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço dentro desta área, por esclarecer aos leitores aspectos da obra traduzida e das questões culturais e linguísticas envolvidas no processo tradutório, estabelecendo, dessa forma, a conexão do texto fonte com a cultura de chegada. (ALEXIS NOUSS, 2010). O texto escolhido se intitula La provincia delle Amazzoni, e foi publicado no Bollettino della Società geografica italiana, em Florença, em 1885, escrito por Giuseppe Coppi, com notas de Doutor G.A. Colini. O trecho selecionado para esta coletânea, dedicada aos relatos de viagem, chama a atenção para alguns aspectos que vale a pena apresentar ao leitor, pois os conhecimentos sobre a sociedade, a história e a cultura da época se tornam imprescindíveis para a elaboração do produto final, a tradução. Aqui entra nosso papel ativo do tradutor, como mediador, de quem vive entre as culturas, criando não somente pontes, mas laços indissolúveis. (ZILLY, 2000). O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar se e de que forma as estratégias usadas nesta proposta de tradução italiana de La Provincia delle Amazzoni foram satisfatórias. As observações gerais foram feitas acerca do texto em si, como, por exemplo, em relação ao público, a narrativa, o estilo, a sintaxe e o léxico. É possível afirmar que o novo texto que escrevemos apresenta, como principal característica, uma certa italianidade brasileira.

Sedentary time is associated with increased obesity in police officers. Caffeine intake may reduce sedentary time but it has not been extensively investigated. In the present study, the effect of caffeine ingestion on sedentary time was investigated in obese police officers. Fourteen obese police officers ingested either 5 mg/kg of caffeine or cellulose (placebo) for six days. Information on inactivity time, time spent with physical activities, self-reported perception of tiredness, and physical activity disposition was obtained daily during the intervention period. Sedentary and physical activity times were divided into two intraday periods (T1: 08:00 am-02:00 pm and T2: 02:00 pm-08:00 pm). Caffeine intake decreased the sedentary time in both T1 (79.2±2.2%) and T2 (79.1±2.5%), when compared with T2 of the placebo condition (81.1±3.6%, P<0.05). Caffeine intake also increased the time spent on light physical activities in T1 and T2 (17±2 and 18±2%), when compared with T2 of the placebo condition (16±3%, P<0.05). In addition, sedentary time increased and light physical activity time decreased from T1 to T2 in the placebo (P<0.001) but not in the caffeine condition (P=0.81). Caffeine intake had no effect on tiredness (P>0.05), but it increased the self-reported physical activity disposition compared to the placebo condition (4.5±2.7 vs 3.2±2.3 units, P<0.05). Caffeine intake reduced the sedentary time and increased the time spent on light physical activities of obese police officers, which seems to be related to a higher disposition for the practice of physical activity.

RESUMO As serpentes pertencem ao segundo maior grupo dentro dos répteis, podendo apresentar sazonalidade quanto à espermatogênese, com produção descontínua ou contínua. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Boa constrictor constrictor com base nos achados histológicos dos testículos nos períodos de máxima atividade (período de gametogênese) e quiescência. Os testículos de dois espécimes de Boa c. constrictor (7767 e 11752) foram cortados a uma espessura de 3μm em micrótomo, corados com azul de toluidina 1%, fotodocumentados e descritos. A presença de espermatozoides na luz do túbulo seminífero no indivíduo 7767 indica um período de máxima gametogênese, enquanto o lúmen dos túbulos seminíferos pouco evidentes, sem a presença de espermatozoides e de células gaméticas em divisão, caracteriza o indivíduo 11752 em período quiescente. Mediante os achados histológicos descritos no presente estudo, concluiu-se que Boa c. constrictor apresenta sazonalidade em relação à gametogênese, sendo esse padrão de sazonalidade associado ao período de cópulas relatado em literatura característico de serpentes com padrão pré-nupcial.

ABSTRACT These snakes belong to the second largest group within the reptiles, being able to present seasonality regarding spermatogenesis, with discontinuous or continuous production. The present study aims to characterize Boa constrictor constrictor reproductive biology aspects from histological findings in testicles during periods of maximum activity (period of gametogenesis) and quiescence. The testicles of two specimens of Boa c. constrictor (7767 and 11752) were cut to a thickness of 3μm in microtome, stained with 1% toluidine blue, photodocumented and described. The spermatozoa presence in the seminiferous tubule lumen in individual 7767 indicates a period of maximum gametogenesis, whereas the seminiferous tubules lumen is not very evident without spermatozoa and the absence of dividing gametic cells characterizes individual 11752 in the quiescent period. Through the histological findings we concluded that Boa c. constrictor presents seasonality in relation to gametogenesis, and the pattern of reproductive seasonality observed along with the period of copulas reported in the literature resembles the pre-nuptial pattern.

We investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion combined with a 2-wk sprint interval training (SIT) on training-induced reductions in body adiposity. Twenty physically-active men ingested either 5 mg/kg of cellulose as a placebo (PLA, n=10) or 5 mg/kg of caffeine (CAF, n=10) 60 min before each SIT session (13×30 s sprint/15 s of rest). Body mass and skinfold thickness were measured pre- and post-training. Energy expenditure was measured at rest, during exercise, and 45 min after exercise in the first SIT session. Body fat was similar between PLA and CAF groups at pre-training (P>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in body fat after training in the CAF group (−5.9±4.2%, P<0.05) but not in PLA (1.5±8.0%, P>0.05). There was no difference in energy expenditure at rest and during exercise between PLA and CAF groups (P>0.05), but the post-exercise energy expenditure was 18.3±21.4% greater in the CAF than in the PLA group (P<0.05). In conclusion, caffeine ingestion before SIT sessions induced a body fat loss that may be associated with higher post-exercise energy expenditure.

Abstract The objective of the present work was to use MAS in self-pollinated cassava populations for obtaining individuals with high inbreeding (f) aimed at rapid development of partial inbred lines. Three progenies (F0222, F1378 and F1662) were self-pollinated, generating a total of 233 S1 individuals. The progenies and the S1 individuals were evaluated in the seedlings and clonal evaluation trials (CETs). In the CET, plants were evaluated for the following traits: plant height (PH), root dry matter content (DMC), above ground yield (AGY), root (RY) and starch yield (SY). Twenty-seven microsatellites and five minisatellites were used to determine the level of inbreeding of the S1 individuals. Inbreeding (f) values varied from 0.15 to 0.89 within progenies, whereas most of the S1 individuals presented f values above 0.50. In average, 25% of the S1 individuals were selected, which resulted in a 38% inbreeding increase in the cassava progenies. In contrast, phenotypic selection showed no differences in inbreeding increase. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the level of inbreeding and agronomic traits. MAS was efficient for the identification and selection of cassava S1 individuals, with higher inbreeding values contributing to the decrease in the breeding cycles necessary to obtain new cassava inbred lines.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho bioeconômico de bezerros, nos primeiros 60 dias de vida, submetidos a três sistemas de aleitamento. Foram utilizados 24 bezerros (Holandês x Guzerá), sendo 12 machos e 12 fêmeas, com peso inicial de 32,25±4,8kg para as fêmeas e 36,92±6,8kg para os machos. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (3 x 2). Os bezerros receberam água à vontade e seis litros de sucedâneo lácteo por dia, durante 60 dias, em três estratégias diferentes, denominadas sistema de aleitamento (SA30: 3 litros de sucedâneo lácteo, duas vezes ao dia, até 30 dias de idade; SA45: 3 litros de sucedâneo lácteo, duas vezes ao dia, até 45 dias de idade; SA49: 3 litros de sucedâneo lácteo, duas vezes ao dia, até 49 dias de idade). Os sistemas de aleitamento estudados não apresentaram diferença estatística (P>0,05) para o consumo e a digestibilidade de nutrientes, com exceção para o consumo de matéria orgânica (MO) e extrato etéreo (EE). Verificou-se interação (P<0,05) entre o sistema de aleitamento e a classe sexual para os consumos de MO e EE, bem como para o ganho médio diário, em que os machos do SA 49 apresentaram maiores médias em relação ao SA 30. O desempenho bioeconômico de bezerros machos do sistema de aleitamento 49 foi superior e apresentou a melhor relação custo-benefício entre os sistemas estudados.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioeconomic performance of calves in the first 60 days of life submitted to three feeding systems. Twenty-four calves (Dutch x Guzerá) were used, 12 males and 12 females, with initial weight of 32.25±4.8kg for females and 36.92±6.8kg for males. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (3 x 2). The calves received water at will and six liters of milk replacer a day for 60 days in three different strategies, called the suckling system (SA-30: 3 liters of milk replacer, twice a day until 30 days of age; SA-45: 3 liters of milk replacer, twice a day until 45 days of age; SA-49: 3 liters of milk replacer, twice daily up to 49 days old). The lactation systems studied did not present statistical difference (P>0.05) for the consumption and digestibility of nutrients, except for organic matter (OM) and ethereal extract (EE). There was an interaction (P<0.05) between the suckling system and sexual class for the OM and EE intakes, as well as for the average daily gain, in which HS 49 males presented higher averages in relation to SA 30. The bioeconomic performance of male calves from the lactation system 49 was superior and presented the best cost-benefit ratio among the systems studied.

Pituitary adenomas account for 10–15% of primary intracranial tumors. Growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenomas account for 13% of all pituitary adenomas and cause acromegaly. These tumors can be aggressive, invade surrounding structures and are highly recurrent. The objective of this study was to evaluate E-cadherin, Slug and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas and its relationship to tumor invasiveness. A cross–sectional study of patients who underwent hypophysectomy due to GH-secreting pituitary adenoma from April 2007 to December 2014 was carried out. The medical records were reviewed to collect clinical data. Immediately after surgery, tumor samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a biofreezer at –80°C for assessment of E-cadherin 1 (CDH1), SLUG (SNAI2), and NCAM (NCAM1) by real-time PCR. The samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin and NCAM. Thirty-five patients with acromegaly were included in the study. Of these, 65.7% had invasive tumors. Immunohistochemically, E-cadherin was expressed in 96.7% of patients, and NCAM in 80% of patients. There was no statistically significant relationship between tumor grade or invasiveness and immunohistochemical expression of these markers. Regarding gene expression, 50% of cases expressed CDH1, none expressed SNAI2, and 53.3% expressed NCAM1. There was no statistically significant relationship between tumor grade or invasiveness and gene expression of CDH1, SNAI2, and NCAM1. The absence of Slug overexpression and of E-cadherin and NCAM suppression suggests that expression of these markers is not associated with tumor invasiveness in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that reduced pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) availability potentiates fat oxidation after an exhaustive high-intensity exercise bout. Eight physically active men underwent a high-intensity exercise (∼95% V̇O2max) until exhaustion under low or high pre-exercise CHO availability. The protocol to manipulate pre-exercise CHO availability consisted of a 90-min cycling bout at ∼70% V̇O2max + 6 × 1-min at 125% V̇O2max with 1-min rest, followed by 48 h under a low- (10% CHO, low-CHO availability) or high-CHO diet (80% CHO, high-CHO availability). Time to exhaustion was shorter and energy expenditure (EE) lower during the high-intensity exercise in low- compared to high-CHO availability (8.6±0.8 and 11.4±1.6 min, and 499±209 and 677±343 kJ, respectively, P<0.05). Post-exercise EE was similar between low- and high-CHO availability (425±147 and 348±54 kJ, respectively, P>0.05), but post-exercise fat oxidation was significantly higher (P<0.05) in low- (7,830±1,864 mg) than in high-CHO availability (6,264±1,763 mg). The total EE (i.e., exercise EE plus post-exercise EE) was similar between low- and high-CHO availability (924±264 and 1,026±340 kJ, respectively, P>0.05). These results suggest that a single bout of high-intensity exercise performed under low-CHO availability increased post-exercise fat oxidation, and even with shorter exercise duration, both post-exercise EE and total EE were not impaired.

Although acute exercise is apparently pro-inflammatory and increases oxidative stress, it can promote the necessary stress stimulus to train chronic adaptations in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study aimed to compare the effects of exercise intensity and duration on the inflammatory markers soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and on oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] in individuals with CHF. Eighteen patients performed three exercise sessions: 30 min of moderate-intensity (M30) exercise, 30 min of low-intensity (L30) exercise, and 45 min of low-intensity (L45) exercise. Blood analysis was performed before exercise (baseline), immediately after each session (after), and 1 h after the end of each session (1h after). Thirty min of M30 exercise promoted a larger stressor stimulus, both pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative, than that promoted by exercises L30 and L45. This was evidenced by increased sTNFR1 and MDA levels after exercise M30. In response to this stressor stimulus, 1 h after exercise, there was an increase in IL-6 and CAT levels, and a return of sTNFR1 to baseline levels. These findings suggest that compared with the duration of exercise, the exercise intensity was an important factor of physiologic adjustments.

We investigated if carbohydrate (CHO) availability could affect the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after a single supramaximal exercise bout. Five physically active men cycled at 115% of peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak) until exhaustion with low or high pre-exercise CHO availability. The endogenous CHO stores were manipulated by performing a glycogen-depletion exercise protocol 48 h before the trial, followed by 48 h consuming either a low- (10% CHO) or a high-CHO (80% CHO) diet regime. Compared to the low-CHO diet, the high-CHO diet increased time to exhaustion (3.0±0.6 min vs 4.4±0.6, respectively, P=0.01) and the total O2 consumption during the exercise (6.9±0.9 L and 11.3±2.1, respectively, P=0.01). This was accompanied by a higher EPOC magnitude (4.6±1.8 L vs 6.2±2.8, respectively, P=0.03) and a greater total O2 consumption throughout the session (exercise+recovery: 11.5±2.5 L vs 17.5±4.2, respectively, P=0.01). These results suggest that a single bout of supramaximal exercise performed with high CHO availability increases both exercise and post-exercise energy expenditure.

RESUMO As plantas medicinais representam um dos principais recursos terapêuticos utilizado pelo homem para a cura e prevenção de doenças, no entanto, para que o tratamento seja seguro e eficaz é necessário conhecer seus componentes químicos. Dessa forma, o intuito deste trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros farmacognosticos para o estabelecimento do controle de qualidade da droga vegetal composta pelas folhas de Erythroxylum suberosum A. St.-Hil., pertencentes à família Erythroxylaceae ocorrente no Cerrado. Para tanto, foram coletadas folhas adultas nas proximidades da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO. Foram determinados o teor de umidade por meio de balança com irradiação de raios infravermelho e o teor de cinzas totais. Na prospecção fitoquímica foram pesquisadas as classes de metabólitos secundários e realizou-se o doseamento de fenóis totais, flavonoides e taninos totais. Os resultados dos testes de pureza realizados, teor de umidade e teor de cinzas totais, estão de acordo com os limites estabelecidos pelas especificações farmacopeicas. As análises fitoquímicas evidenciaram a presença de flavonoides, taninos, cumarinas, saponinas e resinas. No doseamento de fenóis totais, taninos e flavonoides presentes nas folhas de E. suberosum A. St.-Hil. obteve-se respectivamente 17,97%, 6,31%, 3,87%. Estes resultados confirmam os dados da literatura quanto à presença destes compostos em Erythroxylaceae, pois de acordo com nas folhas de E. tortuosum obteve-se valores de 10%, 8,4% e 0,064% de Fenóis, Taninos e flavonoides, respectivamente e nas folhas de E. deciduum foram encontrados 12,04% de fenóis totais, 0,87% de taninos e 1,37% de flavonoides. Os resultados encontrados no presente trabalho também se tornam relevantes quando comparadas as quantidades desses metabólitos com espécies clássicas na biossíntese de compostos fenólicos como o teor de taninos de Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville e em Eugenia uniflora L. foi de 29,9% e 2,96%, respectivamente. Teores de flavonóides que variaram entre 0,65% a 0,79% na Calendula officinalis L. e Ginkgo bilobaL. 0,59%, 0,75% e 0,79%. Sendo assim, a quantidade considerável de compostos fenólicos obtida em E. suberosum A. St.-Hil. sugere que a espécie possua um importante potencial terapêutico e quem sabe potencial antioxidante, a ser explorado em estudos posteriores.

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants represent a major therapeutic resources used by man for the cure and prevention of diseases, however, that the treatment be safe and effective it is necessary to know their chemical components. Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the pharmacognostic parameters for the establishment of the plant drug quality control made by the leaves of Erythroxylum suberosum A. St.-Hil., belonging to the family Erythroxylaceae occurring in the Cerrado. To this end, adult leaves were collected near the Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia-GO. It was determined the moisture content through scale radiating infrared rays and the content of total ash. The phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites classes were surveyed and performed the determination of total phenols, flavonoids and total tannins. The results of the purity tests, moisture content and total ash content, are in accordance with the limits established by the pharmacopeic specifications. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins and resins. The determination of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids quantities present in the leaves of E. suberosum A. St.-Hil. were obtained respectively as 17.97%, 6.31%, 3.87%. These results confirm the literature data for the presence of these compounds in Erythroxylaceae, since according to the leaves of E. tortuosum yielded values of 10%, 8.4% and 0.064% of phenols, tannins and flavonoids, respectively. On the E. deciduum leaves were found 12.04% of total phenols, tannins 0.87% and 1.37% of flavonoids. The results of this work also become relevant when comparing the amounts of these metabolites with classic species in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds such as tannins content in barbatimão and pitanga was 29.9% and 2.96%, respectively. Flavonoid contents ranging from 0.65% to 0.79% in calendula and ginkgo 0.59%, 0.75% and 0.79%. Thus, considerable amount of phenolic compounds obtained in E. suberosum. A. St. Hil. It suggests that the species has an important therapeutic potential and who knows antioxidant potential to be explored in further studies.

RESUMO Extratos etanólicos de Luehea paniculata, Anadenanthera colubrina, Cariniana rubra, Hancornia speciosa, Qualea grandiflora, Kielmeyera coriaceae e Palicourea rigida, coletadas no Cerrado de Mato Grosso foram submetidos à análise fitoquímica preliminar para identificação das principais classes de metabolitos secundários e à quantificação do teor de compostos fenólicos totais, flavonoides e cumarinas. O estudo também descreve a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e a toxicidade preliminar frente a larvas de Artemia salina. Os extratos de C. rubra e Q. grandiflora foram os mais ativos contra as cepas fúngicas de C. neoformans (CIM 3,91 µg/mL), C. krusei(CIM 15,63 µg/mL), C. parapsilosis (CIM 31,25 µg/mL) e C. albicans (CIM 62,5 µg/mL), ambos com os mesmos resultados para estes microrganismos. Em relação às cepas bacterianas a mais sensível foi S. aureus com CIM de 250 µg/mL para todos os extratos testados. Luhea paniculata e Q. grandiflora foram as espécies vegetais mais ativas contra E. coli (CIM 500 e 250 µg/mL, respectivamente) e E. faecalis (CIM 250 e 500 µg/mL, respectivamente). No teste do DPPH, merece destaque as espécies K. coriaceae (Ca) (IC50 = 0,72 ± 0,51 μg/mL), K. coriaceae (Fo) (IC50 = 1,34 ± 0,53 μg/mL), H. speciosa (Fo)(IC50 = 1,03 ± 0,52 μg/mL), Q. grandiflora (Fo) (IC50 = 1,31 ± 0,19 μg/mL) e P. rigida (Fo) (IC50 = 1,39 ± 0,53 μg/mL). Com exceção de L. paniculata(Fo), que apresentou IC50 de 14,40 ± 0,34 μg/mL e teor de flavonoides de 295,5 mg/g, todas as espécies que tiverem significativa atividade no teste do DPPH, também apresentaram teor de flavonoides semelhante ao padrão, ou seja, H. speciosa (Fo) (280,5 mg/g), Q. grandiflora(Fo) (260,5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Ca) (250,5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Fo) (235,5 mg/g). Quanto à determinação de fenóis totais e cumarinas os resultados foram inferiores quando comparados aos padrões.

ABSTRACT Ethanol extracts of Luehea paniculata, Anadenanthera colubrina, Cariniana rubra, Hancornia speciosa, Qualea grandiflora, Kielmeyera coriaceae and Palicourea rigida, collected in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso went through preliminary phytochemical analysis in order to identify major classes of secondary metabolites and also to quantify the total content of phenolics, flavonoids and coumarins. The study also describes the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and the toxicity of the larva of Artemia salina. The C. rubra extracts and the Q. grandiflora were the most active against fungal strains of C. neoformans (MIC 3.91 µg/ml), C. krusei (MIC 15.63 µg/ml), C. parapsilosis(31.25 MIC µg/ml) and C. albicans (MIC 62.5 µg/ml), both with the same results for these organisms. Regarding the bacterial strains, the most sensitive one was the S. aureus with 250 µg/ml MIC for all the tested extracts. The Luhea paniculata and the Q. grandiflora were the most active against E. coli species (MIC 500 and 250 µg/ml, respectively) and E. faecalis (MIC 250 and 500 µg/ml, respectively). In the test of DPPH, K. coriaceae (Ca) (IC50 = 0.72 ± 0.51 µg/mL), K. coriaceae (Fo) (IC50 = 1.34 ± 0.53 µg/mL), H. speciosa (Fo) (IC50= 1.03 ± 0.52 µg/mL), Q. grandiflora (Fo) (IC50 = 1.31 ± 0.19 µg/ml) and P. rigida (Fo) (1.39 ± 0,53 µg/ml) stood out. With the exception of the L. paniculata (Fo), which showed an IC50 of 14.40 ± 0.34 µg/ml and a flavonoid content of 295.5 mg/g, all species that had significant activity in the DPPH test, also showed flavonoid content similar to the standard one, or H. speciosa (Fo) (280.5 mg/g) Q. grandiflora (Fo) (260.5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Ca) (250.5 mg/g), K. coriaceae (Fo) (235.5 mg/g).

A reciclagem do resíduo da serragem do granito como matéria-prima alternativa em formulações cerâmicas vem sendo muito estudada nos últimos anos. Por outro lado, o uso de ferramentas matemáticas para otimizar o comportamento mecânico de corpos cerâmicos contendo resíduos também vem sendo muito aplicado. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar técnicas estatísticas aliadas à metodologia de delineamento de mistura para analisar a resistência à flexão de corpos cerâmicos contendo resíduo de granito. Foram estabelecidas composições utilizando um planejamento em rede simplex e foram conformados corpos-de-prova por prensagem uniaxial a 25MPa. Em seguida os corpos de prova foram queimados a 1.000, 1.100 e 1.150 ºC. Foi determinado o módulo de ruptura à flexão dos corpos de prova em ensaio de três pontos. Com base nos resultados pode-se concluir que a metodologia de planejamento experimental associada à superfície de resposta é uma ferramenta que possibilita analisar o módulo de ruptura dos corpos cerâmicos frente a adição de resíduo de granito e por conseguinte desenvolver composições com elevados teores de resíduos sem perdas no seu módulo de ruptura.

Granite sawing waste recycling as alternative raw material for ceramic formulations has been very much studied in the last years, however it was not observed the use of mathematical tools to understand the mechanical behavior of the ceramic bodies containing waste. Thus, this work used statistical tools associated with the mixture design methodology to model the flexural strength of the ceramic bodies containing granite waste. Compositions were developed using a simplex-lattice design and test samples were obtained by uniaxial pressing. The test samples were fired at 1.000, 1.100 and 1.150ºC and their modulus of rupture was determined in a three point bend test. The results indicated that the statistical design of mixture experiments associated with the response surface is a tool that permits to model the modulus of rupture of the ceramic bodies in relation to the amount of incorporated waste and, consequently, to develop formulations containing high amounts of wastes without the decrease of the modulus of rupture.

Propomos a introdução do método de diferenças finitas como tópico a ser abordado na disciplina de mecânica quântica de um curso de graduação em física. O método é suficientemente simples para ser introduzido e exemplificado em seis horas de aula, permitindo a obten cão de resultados tanto qualitativamente corretos como de alta precisão quantitativa. Devido a sua grande aplicabilidade, seu entendimento por parte dos alunos de graduação em física, futuros pesquisadores, é essencial para a formação acadêmica destes. No presente trabalho, apresentamos o método em detalhes. Sua precisão é verificada calculando o espectro de energia para o oscilador harmônico e comparando-os com os resultados analí ticos conhecidos. Em seguida aplicamos o método a dois outros sistemas, o oscilador anarmônico quártico e o potencial linear. Para cada um destes sistemas, calculamos os dez ní veis de energia mais baixos, bem como seus respectivos auto-estados.

We propose the introduction of the finite differences method as one topic to be inserted in the discipline of quantum mechanics in a physics undergraduate course. The method is simple enough to be introduced and exemplified in about six hours of class allowing both qualitatively correct and high-precision quantitative results. Due to the great applicability of the method, it is essential that the undergraduate students, future researchers, learn it. In the present work, we show the method in detail and verify its precision initially by calculating the energy spectrum of the harmonic oscillator and comparing it to its well-known analytical results. Then we apply it to two other systems, the anharmonic oscillator and the one with linear potential. For each of those systems We compute, for both systems, the ten lowest energy eigenvalues are calculated, as well as their corresponding eigenfunctions.