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Abstract Onychomycosis is the most common disease affecting the nail unit and accounts for at least 50% of all nail diseases. In addition, Candida albicans is responsible for approximately 70% of onychomycoses caused by yeasts. This study investigated the antifungal effect of (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers, as well as its predictive mechanism of action on C. albicans from voriconazole-resistant onychomycoses. For this purpose, in vitro broth microdilution and molecular docking techniques were applied in a predictive and complementary manner to the mechanisms of action. The main results of this study indicate that C. albicans was resistant to voriconazole and sensitive to the enantiomers (R) and (S)-citronellal at a dose of 256 and 32 µg/mL respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the enantiomers in the presence of sorbitol and ergosterol, indicating that these molecules possibly affect the integrity of the cell wall and cell membrane of C. albicans. Molecular docking with key biosynthesis proteins and maintenance of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane demonstrated the possibility of (R) and (S)-citronellal interacting with two important enzymes: 1,3-β-glucan synthase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase. Therefore, the findings of this study indicate that the (R) and (S)-citronellal enantiomers are fungicidal on C. albicans from onychomycoses and probably these substances cause damage to the cell wall and cell membrane of these micro-organisms possibly by interacting with enzymes in the biosynthesis of these fungal structures.

Resumo A onicomicose é a doença mais comum que afeta a unidade ungueal e representa pelo menos 50% de todas as doenças ungueais. Além disso, a Candida albicans é responsável por aproximadamente 70% das onicomicoses causadas por leveduras. Nesse estudo, foi investigado o efeito antifúngico dos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal, bem como seu mecanismo de ação preditivo sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses resistentes ao voriconazol. Para este propósito, foram aplicadas técnicas in vitro de microdiluição em caldo e docking molecular de forma preditiva e complementar para os mecanismos de ação. Os principais resultados deste estudo indicam que C. albicans foi resistente ao voriconazol e sensível aos enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal na dose de 256 e 32 µg/mL respectivamente. Além disso, houve aumento da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) dos enantiômeros na presença do sorbitol e do ergosterol, indicando que estas moléculas possivelmente afetem a integridade da parede e da membrana celular de C. albicans. O docking molecular com proteínas chave da biossíntese e manutenção da parede celular e da membrana plasmática fúngica, demonstraram a possibilidade do (R) e (S)-citronelal interagir com duas importantes enzimas: 1,3-β-glucan sintase e lanosterol 14α-demetilase. Portanto, os achados desse estudo indicam que os enantiômeros (R) e (S)-citronelal são fungicidas sobre C. albicans de onicomicoses e provavelmente essas substâncias causem danos a parede e a membrana celular desses microrganismos possivelmente por interagir com as enzimas da biossíntese destas estruturas fúngicas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271530

The Potentialities of Raman and XPS Techniques to Evaluate the Corrosion Products Formed on the 2198-T851 Aluminium Alloy Exposed to Sodium Chloride Solution
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Ferreira, M. O. A.

; Nascimento, J. P. L.

; Leite, N. B.

; Siervo, A. de

; Fernandes, G. L.

; Vaz, A. R.

; Gelamo, R. V.

; Aoki, I. V.

; Moreto, J. A.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20220453

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aerospace industry is constantly looking for innovative materials that exhibit good mechanical and corrosion properties. The 2198-T851 (Al-Cu-Li) alloy was developed to replace the conventional Al-Cu-Mg in aircraft structures. Despite the usefulness of the 2198-T851 alloy, its performance may be affected when subjected to an aggressive medium containing chloride ions. The deposition of Nb2O5 coatings by using the reactive sputtering technique on the 2198-T851 alloy surface appears as a powerful tool to improve the corrosion resistance of this material. Recently, groundbreaking research findings have demonstrated the positive effect of Nb2O5 coatings on corrosion protection of alloy 2198-T851. However, the corrosion products originated from the 2198-T851 aluminium alloy are poorly understood. The use of Raman spectroscopy and XPS techniques may help to shed some light on the corrosion products of 2198-T851 alloy. Results demonstrated the corrosion products are mainly composed by CuCl2 x H2O, CuCl, Cu2Cl(OH)3, Al(OH)3, and AlO(OH).

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0453

Mechanical and Electrical Characterization of 8YSZ-ScCeSZ Ceramics
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Fujimoto, T. G.

; Seriacopi, V.

; Ferreira, L. A. S.

; Machado, I. F.

; Muccillo, E. N. S.

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 Suppl. 1 elocation e20220595

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The effects of small amounts (up to 5 wt.%) of scandia- and ceria-stabilized zirconia on the electrical conductivity, and the elastic modulus and hardness of yttria-stabilized zirconia were investigated by impedance spectroscopy and nanoindentation tests, respectively. The main purpose of this work was to obtain solid electrolyte compounds with improved properties compared to those of the base materials. Solid electrolytes compounds were prepared by solid-state reaction synthesis with sintering at 1450 ºC for 4 h. All prepared compounds exhibit a cubic fluorite-type structure. The microstructure of the compounds consists of polygonal grains with low (< 2%) porosity. The mean grain size estimated by the intercept method was 5 ± 1 μm. The electrical conductivity of the compound ceramics is lower than that of the base material. Addition of scandia-stabilized zirconia is found to exert a beneficial effect on the matrix by increasing the elastic modulus, achieving 221 MPa for 5 wt.% of the additive.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2022-0595

Ruminal degradation and fermentation kinetics of the Mulato II grass (Convert HD364) under different sources of nitrogen fertilization
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Jacovetti, Reginaldo

; França, Aldi Fernandes de Souza

; Basto, Debora de Carvalho

; Brunes, Ludmilla Costa

; Oliveira, Leonardo Guimarães

; Ribeiro, Renata Vaz

; Silva, Mirella Paula Costa e

; Arnhold, Emmanuel

; Ferreira, Reginaldo Nassar

Ciência Animal Brasileira

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2023, Volume 24 elocation e-75660

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract It is important to evaluate nutritional value of new grass species, which can be better characterized through rumen fermentation and degradation techniques. The aim was to evaluate the effects of Nitrogen (N) fertilization on the kinetics of fermentation and ruminal degradation of the Mulato II grass. Two distinct sources of N (common and protected urea) were used during two periods of the year (summer - I and autumn - II). A completely randomized experimental design was used, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement with three replicates. Fraction A changed based on N dosage. The passage rate (K) and effective degradability (ED) were influenced by sources and doses of N, while Fraction B and Lag Time were not influenced during period I. Fractions A and B and EDs were all influenced by N sources and doses during period II. Lag time and potential degradability were influenced by N sources only. Among the kinetics parameters of dry matter ruminal fermentation obtained during period I, only K1 was influenced by the interaction between N doses x sources, while the remaining parameters were only influenced by the N doses applied. As for period II, with the exception of K2, all remaining parameters were influenced by the interaction of N doses and sources. Protected urea improved fermentation parameters during period I. The dose equivalent to applying 150kg/ha positively influenced ruminal fermentation parameters of the Mulato II grass mainly in the summer. The use of protected urea as a Nitrogen source improved fermentation parameters in the summer.

Resumo É importante avaliar o valor nutricional de novas espécies forrageiras, parâmetro que pode ser melhor caracterizado por meio de técnicas de fermentação e degradação ruminal. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada (N) sobre a cinética de fermentação e degradação ruminal do capim Mulato II. Duas fontes de N (ureia comum e protegida) foram utilizadas em dois períodos do ano (verão - I e outono - II). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x4 com três repetições. A fração A mudou com base na dosagem de N. A taxa de passagem (K) e a degradabilidade efetiva (DE) foram influenciadas pelas fontes e doses de N, enquanto a Fração B e Lag Time não foram influenciadas durante o período I. As frações A e B e DE foram influenciadas pelas fontes e doses de N durante o período II. Lag time e a degradabilidade potencial foram influenciadas apenas pelas fontes de N. Dentre os parâmetros cinéticos da fermentação ruminal da matéria seca obtidos no período I, apenas K1 foi influenciado pela interação entre doses de N x fontes, enquanto os demais parâmetros foram influenciados apenas pelas doses de N aplicadas. Já para o período II, com exceção do K2, todos os demais parâmetros foram influenciados pela interação das doses e fontes de N. A ureia protegida trouxe melhorias para os parâmetros fermentativos no período I. A dose equivalente à aplicação de 150kg/ha influenciou positivamente os parâmetros fermentativos ruminais do capim Mulato II, principalmente no verão. O uso de ureia protegida como fonte de nitrogênio melhorou os parâmetros de fermentação no verão.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v24e-75660e

Physicochemical, microbiological and parasitological analysis of water for human consumption in a quilombola community in Alagoas
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Correia, M. S.

; Santos, E. N. A.

; Magalhães, P. K. A.

; Santos, A. M.

; Messias, M. I. C. S. de

; Santos Júnior, J. C.

; Carvalho Neto, A. P. M.

; Souza, M. A.

; Fonseca, S. A.

; Ferreira Júnior, G. C.

; Cavalcanti, M. G. S.

; Costa, J. G.

; Miranda, P. R. B.

; Rocha, T. J. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e260905

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A água é o recurso natural indispensável a todos os seres vivos. Para consumo humano, deve ser potável, de modo a não oferecer risco à saúde, podendo ser usada para ingestão, preparação de alimentos e higiene pessoal. Sabendo dessa importância, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e parasitológicas da água para consumo humano em uma comunidade quilombola de Alagoas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, do tipo experimental e quantitativo, realizado na comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL, entre janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Foram analisados os parâmetros físico-químico de cloro residual, turbidez, fluoreto, fluoretação, cor e pH, as análises microbiológicas foram baseadas na pesquisa de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (E. coli) e as análise parasitológicas foram realizadas com base na pesquisa de protozoários e helmintos intestinais. E a pesquisa de protozoários oportunistas pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Foi observado alguns parâmetros físico-químicos (turbidez e pH) fora dos limites exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde, e a presença de coliformes totais em algumas das amostras analisadas (17,85%), caracterizando esta comunidade em situação de risco relacionado às doenças de veiculação hídrica. As amostras analisadas não apresentaram formas infectantes das espécies parasitárias. Em relação às variáveis avaliadas, os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a falta de saneamento básico adequado afeta a qualidade da água utilizada para consumo humano pela população quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL.

Abstract Water is the indispensable natural resource for all living beings. For human consumption, it must be potable, so as not to pose a risk to health, and can be used for ingestion, food preparation and personal hygiene. Knowing this importance, this study aimed to carry out physical-chemical, microbiological and parasitological analyzes of water for human consumption in a quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte in Alagoas. A cross-sectional, experimental and quantitative study was carried out between January and December 2019. The physical-chemical parameters of residual chlorine, turbidity, fluoride, fluoridation, color and pH were analyzed, microbiological analyses were based on the research of total and thermotolerant coliforms (E. coli) and parasitological analyses were performed based on the research of protozoa and intestinal helminths. Some physical-chemical parameters (turbidity and pH) were observed outside the limits required by the Ministry of Health, and the presence of total coliforms in some of the analyzed samples (17.85%), characterizing this community at risk related to waterborne diseases. The samples analyzed did not present infecting forms of parasitic species. Regarding the variables evaluated, the results found showed that the lack of adequate basic sanitation affects the quality of water used for human consumption by the quilombola population of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.260905

Aquatic pollutants are associated with reproductive alterations and genotoxicity in estuarine fish (Sciades herzbergii - Bloch, 1794) from the Amazon Equatorial Coast
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Noleto, K. S.

; Mendes, D. C. S.

; Carvalho, I. F. S.

; Ribeiro, D. L. S.

; Santos, D. M. S.

; Ferreira, A. P. M.

; Marques, A. L. B.

; Carvalho Neta, R. N. F.

; Tchaicka, L.

; Torres Júnior, J. R. S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e267996

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os estuários estão constantemente sujeitos a impactos ambientais de atividades antropogênicas, como pesca, movimentação portuária, indústria ou esgoto doméstico, onde os peixes são um dos animais aquáticos mais atingidos, sendo capazes de refletir os impactos diretamente em seu organismo. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar o biomonitoramento de um estuário da Costa Equatorial Amazônica por meio de análises de PAHs (Hidrocarboneto Policiclico Aromáticos) na água, além de metais traços, alterações histopatológicas e análises de micronúcleos eritrocitários em Sciades herzbergii.. O S. herzbergii foi utilizado como espécie modelo, devido seu comportamento estuarino residente. Amostras de gônadas e brânquias foram submetidas a avaliações histopatológicas. A quantificação de metais traços foi realizada em amostras de músculos esqueléticos dos animais coletados, onde foram encontrados teores de Chumbo (Pb), Cobre (Cu), Zinco (Zn), Cádmio (Cd), Magnésio (Mg), Ferro (Fe) e Alumínio (AL), e foram encontradas em concentrações acima dos limites recomendados, à exceção do Cádmio (Cd). A análise dos PAHs revelou a presença de Naftaleno e Acenafteno nas amostras de água. Análises histopatológicas e genotóxicas revelaram lesões em 100% dos espécimes estudados, resultados estes, potencialmente associados à presença de PAH e de metais traços, tanto na água quanto nos tecidos animais, comprovando um cenário geral de contaminação ambiental implicando diretamente em risco à saúde e sobrevivência da biota local. Esse estudo mostra a relevância do biomonitoramento contínuo dos ecossistemas estuarinos, afim de nortear autoridades no manejo de efluentes e assegurar o desenvolvimento evolutivo de espécies estuarinas, sobretudo dos peixes de importância na culinária regional, diretamente relacionados à segurança alimentar humana.

Abstract Estuaries are constantly subject to continuous environmental impacts of human activities, such as fisheries, port or industry, and domestic sewage, with fish being one of the most affected aquatic animals, reflecting the impacts directly on their bodies. Thus, the aim of this study was to carry out the biomonitoring of an estuary located on the Amazonian Equatorial Coast through analysis of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) in the water, in addition to trace metals, histopathological alterations and analysis of erythrocyte micronuclei in Sciades herzbergii. S. herzbergii was used as a model species, due to its estuarine-resident behavior. Gonad and gill samples were subjected to histopathological evaluations. The quantification of trace metals was performed in samples of skeletal muscles of the animals collected, where concentrations of Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al) were found. Except for Cadmium (Cd), all the concentrations were above the recommended limits. The PAHs analysis revealed the presence of Naphthalene and Acenaphthene in the water samples Histopathological and genotoxic analyses revealed of lesions in 100% of the study specimens. Thus, the histological and genotoxic alterations found in 100% of S. herzbergii specimens captured in São José Bay-MA are potentially associated with PAH concentrations present in the water. These results are potentially associated with the presence of PAH and trace metals, both in water and in animal tissues, inferring a general scenario of environmental contamination which directly implies a risk to the health and survival of the local biota. This study shows the relevance of continuous biomonitoring of estuarine ecosystems, in order to guide authorities regarding sewage management and ensure the evolutionary development of estuarine species, especially fishes of importance in the local cuisine, therefore related to human food security.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.267996

Modeling and thermodynamic properties of the drying of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds
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Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Pinheiro, Gleyce K. I.

; Silva, Lígia C. de M.

; Souza, Diene G.

; Sousa, Kelly A. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jan 2021, Volume 25 N. 1 Pages 37 - 43

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO No presente estudo, objetivou-se ajustar diferentes modelos aos dados experimentais da secagem das sementes de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) e selecionar o melhor modelo, determinar o coeficiente de difusão efetivo, a energia de ativação e as propriedades termodinâmicas para o processo, durante a secagem em diversas temperaturas. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Pós-Colheita de Produtos Vegetais do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde. As sementes com teor de água inicial de 18 ± 0,25% base seca, foram secas em estufa com ventilação de ar forçada, nas temperaturas controladas de 45, 60, 75 e 90 °C, em quatro repetições. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados a modelos de regressão não linear utilizados para descrição do fenômeno. Para representar a secagem das sementes de tamarindo o modelo de Midilli foi selecionado para a faixa de 45 a 60 ºC, e para 75 a 90 ºC o modelo ajustado foi o de Dois termos. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura do ar de secagem, sendo descrito pela equação de Arrhenius, com energia de ativação de 35,16 kJ mol-1. A entalpia e entropia decrescem, enquanto a energia livre de Gibbs aumenta com o incremento da temperatura de secagem.

ABSTRACT In the present study, the objective was to fit different models to the experimental data of drying of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) seeds and to select the best model, to determine the effective diffusion coefficient, activation energy and thermodynamic properties for the process during drying at different temperatures. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Post-Harvest of Vegetable Products of the Instituto Federal Goiano (Federal Institute Goiano) - Campus of Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Seeds with initial moisture content of 18 ± 0.25% dry basis were oven dried with forced air ventilation, at controlled temperatures of 45, 60, 75 and 90 °C in four repetitions. Nonlinear regression models used to describe the phenomenon were fitted to the experimental data. To represent the drying of tamarind seeds, the Midilli model was selected for the range from 45 to 60 ºC and the Two terms model was selected for the range from 75 to 90 ºC. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with the increase of drying air temperature, being described by the Arrhenius equation, with activation energy of 35.16 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and entropy decreases, while Gibbs free energy increases with increasing drying temperature.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n1p37-43 735 downloads

Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine
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Helito, Alberto C.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Rose, Natalia

; Santos, Claudia Renata P.

; Bolzan, Thalis

; Peralta, Rita María I.A.

; Franco, Ruth R.

; Cominato, Louise

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Tannuri, Uenis

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Lourenço, Benito

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Medeiros, Karina

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia Moreno

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Silva, Clovis A.

; Sallum, Adriana M. E.

; Iraha, Amanda Y.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Mazzolani, Bruna C.

; Martinez, Claudia A.

; Strabelli, Claudia A. A.

; Fonseca, Claudia B.

; Lima, Dandara C. C.

; Setoue, Debora N. D.

; Roz, Deborah F. P.

; Smaira, Fabiana I.

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Miyatani, Helena T.

; Marques, Isabela G.

; Oba, Jane

; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Kozu, Katia

; Saccani, Ligia P.

; Martiniano, Lorena V. M.

; Miranda, Luana C. A.

; Silva, Luiz E. V.

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sakita, Neusa K.

; Tanigava, Nicolas Y.

; Pereira, Paulo R. A.

; Palmeira, Patrícia

; Angelo, Simone S.

; Lavorato, Sofia S. M.

; Bernardes, Tamires M.

; Franco, Tathiane C.

; Viana, Vivianne S. L.

; Barros, Vera P. M. F. R.

; Zheng, Yingying

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3501

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3501

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF TAMARIND SEEDS (Tamarindus indica L.)
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Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Silva, Ligia C. de M.

; Pinheiro, Gleyce K. I.

; Sousa, Kelly A. de

Engenharia Agrícola

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dec 2020, Volume 40 N. 6 Pages 740 - 746

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Tamarind is used in the food and pharmaceutical industry, and its seed is the main means for the reproduction of this species, thus justifying studies that ensure its post-harvest viability. This research aimed to study the thermodynamic properties of tamarind seeds as a function of the equilibrium moisture content. The experimental data of the water activities were obtained by the indirect static method. The Cavalcanti Mata model was used to determine the thermodynamic properties of tamarind seeds, as it was the model that best fitted the experimental data of the desorption isotherms. The results showed that the thermodynamic properties are influenced by the moisture content and temperature, with an increase in the energy required to remove water from the product with a decrease in moisture content. The net isosteric heat of desorption increases with a reduction of moisture content ranging from 2,618.85 to 2,510.25 kJ kg−1 for the moisture content range of 10.52 to 21.10% db. The latent heat of vaporization, the differential enthalpy, and the Gibbs free energy increase with a reduction of the moisture content of tamarind seeds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v40n6p740-746/2020 454 downloads

10.

Desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) seeds
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Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Sousa, Kelly A. de

; Gavazza, Melícia I. A.

; Sales, Juliana de F.

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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sep 2020, Volume 24 N. 9 Pages 630 - 636

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este estudo, determinar as isotermas de dessorção e o calor isostérico das sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart., utilizando os critérios de informação de Akaike (AIC) e informação bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC) para auxiliar na escolha do modelo de regressão não linear. As isotermas de dessorção foram determinadas pelo método estático indireto e a atividade de água foi obtida por meio do equipamento HygroPalm; o produto foi acondicionado no equipamento em B.O.D. regulada a 10, 20, 30 e 40 °C. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados a diversos modelos de regressão não linear, pelo método Gauss-Newton. As isotermas de dessorção de sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart. podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Chung-Pfost, Copace, GAB Modificado, Henderson Modificado, Oswin Modificado, Sabbah e Sigma Copace. Contudo, o modelo Sigma Copace apresentou melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais, com memores valores de AIC e BIC, sendo escolhido para representar as isotermas de dessorção das sementes de Annona crassiflora Mart. O calor isostérico aumentou com a diminuição do teor de água, sendo necessária maior quantidade de energia para retirar a água das sementes, com valores variando de 2541,64 a 2481,56 kJ kg-1, para a faixa do teor de água de 5,69 a 14,93% base seca.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of Annona crassiflora Mart. seeds, using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to assist in the choice of the nonlinear regression model. The desorption isotherms were determined by indirect static method and water activity was obtained using the instrument HygroPalm; the product was put in the device in B.O.D. chamber set at 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C. Several nonlinear regression models were fitted to the experimental data by the Gauss-Newton method. The desorption isotherms of Annona crassiflora Mart. seeds can be represented by the models of Chung-Pfost, Copace, Modified GAB, Modified Henderson, Modified Oswin, Sabbah and Sigma Copace. However, the Sigma Copace model showed better fit to the experimental data, with lower AIC and BIC values, being chosen to represent the desorption isotherms of Annona crassiflora Mart seeds. Isosteric heat increased with decreasing moisture content, requiring a greater amount of energy to remove water from seeds, with values ranging from 2541.64 to 2481.56 kJ kg-1, for the moisture content range from 5.69 to 14.93% on a dry basis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n9p630-636 462 downloads

11.

USE OF AIC AND BIC IN DESORPTION ISOTHERMS OF TAMARIND SEEDS (Tamarindus indica L.)
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Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Resende, Osvaldo

; Pinheiro, Gleyce K. I.

; Silva, Ligia C. de M.

; Costa, Eduarda R.

Engenharia Agrícola

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aug 2020, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 511 - 517

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The knowledge of hygroscopicity is essential for the storage of tamarind seeds, but there is a limitation of a judicious statistical parameter to define the best mathematical model to adjust the isotherms of plant products. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the desorption isotherms of tamarind seeds and test the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Schwarz Bayesian information criterion (BIC) for choosing the best mathematical model. Seeds with an initial moisture content of 21.00 ± 0.10% dry basis (db) were dried at 45 °C until they reached moisture contents of 17.27 ± 0.10, 15.04 ± 0.16, 14.14 ± 0.06, 12.41 ± 0.17, and 10.52 ± 0.12% db. The water activity of the product was determined by the static-indirect method at temperatures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C. Mathematical models frequently used to predict the isotherms of plant products were adjusted to the experimental data. The Cavalcanti Mata model is recommended to estimate the desorption isotherms of tamarind seeds because it presents better adjustments. The AIC and BIC criteria contribute to the choice of the model to predict the desorption isotherms of tamarind seeds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v40n4p511-517/2020 425 downloads

12.

Drying kinetics of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) epicarp
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Pinheiro, Gleyce K. I.

; Oliveira, Daniel E. C. de

; Ferreira Junior, Weder N.

; Resende, Osvaldo

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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feb 2020, Volume 24 N. 2 Pages 121 - 127

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O fruto da cajazeira (Spondias mombin L.) apresenta características relevantes para industrialização e possuem aroma agradável e sabor ácido-adocicado, possui quantidades relevantes de vitamina A e carotenoides no epicarpo do cajá. Objetivou-se, ajustar diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais, utilizando como critérios para selecionar o melhor modelo - o Critério de Informação de Akaike (AIC) e o Critério de Informação Bayesiano de Schwarz (BIC), bem como avaliar o coeficiente de difusão efetivo e determinar a energia de ativação para o epicarpo de cajá submetido a diferentes condições de secagem. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano. O epicarpo dos frutos de cajá com teor de água inicial 2,89 (base seca, b.s.) foram submetidos à secagem em temperaturas de 40, 50, 60 e 70 °C até teor de água final de 0,11, 0,10, 0,09 e 0,08 (b.s.), respectivamente. O modelo de Midilli apresentou o melhor ajuste aos dados experimentais obtidos. A escolha do modelo foi confirmada pelos critérios de AIC e BIC. O aumento da temperatura de secagem promoveu aumento do coeficiente de difusão efetivo, e a energia de ativação do processo foi de 21,50 kJ mol-1.

ABSTRACT Yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) fruits have relevant characteristics for industrialization and exhibit a pleasant aroma and sour-sweet taste, with significant amounts of vitamin A and carotenoids in their epicarp. The objective was to fit different mathematical models to the experimental data, using as criteria to select the best model - the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Schwarz’s Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), as well as to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficient and to determine the activation energy for yellow mombin epicarp submitted to different drying conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Brazil The epicarp of yellow mombin fruits with initial moisture content of 2.89 (dry basis, d.b.) were submitted to drying at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C until final moisture contents of 0.11, 0.10, 0.09 and 0.08 (d.b.), respectively. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data obtained. The choice of the model was confirmed by the AIC and BIC criteria. The increase of the drying temperature promoted increase in the effective diffusion coefficient, and the activation energy of the process was 21.50 kJ mol-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n2p121-127 840 downloads

13.

Reducción del Riesgo en Equipos Biomédicos y en Instalaciones Eléctricas de Entornos Clínicos
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Arregui, M.

; Alfaro, N.

; Baldizzoni, M.

; Wald, I.

; Gambogi, R.

; Ferreira, A.

; Simini, F.

Revista mexicana de ingeniería biomédica

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apr 2019, Volume 40 N. 1 elocation e201822

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract 112 field inspections to 78 high technology medical centers (IMAE is the Spanish acronym) over 14 years are analyzed. All visits were evaluated as to Clinical Engineering good practices and were assigned a risk level. All audits included a questionaire to maintenance management personnel on electrical network operation as well as on biomedical equipment follow-up and documentation from acquisition to disposal. Risk is assigned a level 0 to 4 at each visit. In 2004-2007, 74% of IMAEs had safety problems in one or more of electrical network, maintenance management or documentation, and 15% of the IMAEs with safety problems had one piece of equipment described as simply “dangerous”. Electrical safety problems were eventually reduced to 0% in 2016-2017, probably as a consequence of regular audit and counseling by this University Clinical Engineering Program.

Resumen Se analizan 112 auditorías de instalaciones eléctricas y seguridad de equipos biomédicos en 78 Institutos de Medicina Altamente Especializada (IMAE) del Uruguay, realizadas a lo largo de 14 años, clasificando el nivel de riesgo y de cumplimiento de normas desde el punto de vista de Ingeniería Clínica. Cada visita incluye una encuesta al personal encargado de mantener y gestionar la infraestructura eléctrica y el equipamiento biomédico, que abarca el estado de mantenimiento, el control y la documentación de las instalaciones eléctricas y del equipamiento biomédico. Se evalúa el riesgo con un puntaje de 0 a 4. En 2004-2007 el 74% de los IMAE tenía irregularidades en la instalación eléctrica, gestión de equipamiento, control de calidad o documentación. Además, un 15% de los que tenían problemas, tenía en particular equipamiento indicado como “equipo peligroso”. En los períodos siguientes esta proporción baja paulatinamente hasta 0% en 2016-2017. No obstante, continúa existiendo un déficit en la gestión del equipamiento y en la documentación formal. El aporte de la Universidad en el seguimiento técnico de los IMAE se ha materializado en una mejora en materia de seguridad.

https://doi.org/10.17488/rmib.40.1.3 1944 downloads

14.

Owlet moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) associated with Bt and non- Bt soybean in the brazilian savanna
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Luz, P. M. C.

; Specht, A.

; Paula-Moraes, S. V.

; Malaquias, J. V.

; Ferreira, L. F. M

; Otanásio, P. N.

; Diniz, I. R.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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apr 2019, Volume 79 N. 2 Pages 248 - 256

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O uso de OGM que expressam toxina Bt na produção de soja tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos no Brasil e são utilizados para conter os danos causados pelos lepidópteros pragas. Neste estudo comparamos a riqueza e a abundância de Noctuoides (Noctuoidea) associados à soja Bt e não-Bt. Determinamos as variações temporais em função da fenologia e correlacionamos às variações populacionais das espécies mais comuns com variáveis meteorológicas. A pesquisa foi conduzida na área experimental da Embrapa Cerrados. O método de coleta utilizado foi diferenciado sendo supressivo e absoluto. Um total de 13 espécies foram coletadas, das quais oito ocorreram em soja Bt. Os taxa mais representativos foram Chrysodeixis includens, Anticarsia gemmatalis e Spodoptera spp. O número de larvas pertencentes às espécies alvo da tecnologia Bt foram 10 vezes menores na soja Bt do que em soja não-Bt . Utetheisa ornatrix e Elaphria deltoides foram registradas na soja pela primeira vez, observando-se larvas de ambas espécies na soja não-Bt e as de U. ornatrix também na soja Bt. Somente as larvas de A. gemmatalis se correlacionaram (p <0,05) negativamente com a precipitação. Este estudo forneceu informações em campo sobre a abundância e riqueza de espécies na soja não- Bt, associada aos efeitos da soja Bt. A importância do monitoramento das lagartas é substancial, a fim de tomar a melhor decisão de controle, considerando-se os diferentes níveis de infestação entre cultivares como critério.

Abstract The use of GMO expressing Bt toxin in soybean production has increased significantly in the last years in Brazil in order to manage the damage caused by lepidopteran pests. In this study, we compared the richness and abundance of owlet moths (Noctuoidea) associated with Bt and non-Bt soybean. We determined the temporal variations as a function of phenology, and correlated the population variations of the most common species with meteorological variables. The research was conducted at the experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados. The collection method used was differentiated being suppressive and absolute. A total of 13 species were collected, of which eight occurred on Bt soybeans. The most representative taxa were Chrysodeixis includens (72.87%), Anticarsia gemmatalis (18.17%) and Spodoptera spp (5.22%). The number of larvae belonging to species targeted by the Bt technology was 10 times lower on Bt than on non-Bt soybeans. Utetheisa ornatrix and Elaphria deltoides were recorded on soybean for the first time, observing larvae of both species in non-Bt soybean and those of U. ornatrix also in Bt soybean. Only A. gemmatalis larvae correlated (p <0.05) negatively with precipitation. This study provided field information on the abundance and species richness of owlet moths on non-Bt soybeans, associated with the effects of Bt soybean. When considering the different levels of infestation between cultivars as a criterion, larvae monitoring is of substantial importance in order to develop the lost control program.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.179759 895 downloads

15.

Influência da composição e das variáveis de processamento deformulações à base de argilas - uso em materiais refratários
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Figueiredo, J. M. R.

; Fernandes, I. M. M.

; Silva, V. J.

; Neves, G. A.

; Ferreira, H. C.

; Santana, L. N. L.

Cerâmica

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mar 2018, Volume 64 N. 369 Pages 10 - 19

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As argilas são componentes fundamentais das massas para produção de materiais cerâmicos tradicionais, pois garantem plasticidade na etapa de conformação e resistência mecânica após a queima; também podem ser utilizadas nas formulações de cerâmicas refratárias devido ao desenvolvimento da fase mulita em temperaturas elevadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da composição, tempo de maturação e temperatura de queima em formulações à base de argilas para uso na fabricação de materiais refratários. As argilas foram caracterizadas por análise granulométrica, análise química, refratariedade, difração de raios X, análise térmica diferencial e termogravimétrica. As formulações contendo caulim mais ball clay e caulim mais esmectita foram submetidas à maturação por um período de 1 a 4 semanas. Em seguida, as massas foram conformadas por prensagem uniaxial obtendo-se corpos de prova, que foram submetidos a tratamento térmico em 1200, 1300 e 1400 °C, e, posteriormente, analisados quanto às propriedades: absorção de água, retração linear de queima e resistência à flexão em três pontos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as formulações em estudo apresentaram após queima fases de quartzo, cristobalita e mulita como fase majoritária. A temperatura de queima foi o parâmetro que apresentou maior influência nas propriedades avaliadas, com maior efeito da temperatura mais alta (1400 °C).

Abstract Clays are key components of mass for traditional ceramic materials production because they ensure plasticity in the shaping step and mechanical resistance after firing. They can also be used in refractory ceramic formulations due to the development of mullite phase at high temperatures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of composition, maturation time, and firing temperature on clay formulations for use in manufacturing refractory materials. The clays were characterized by particle size analysis, chemical analysis, refractoriness, X-ray diffraction, as well as differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses. Formulations containing kaolin with ball clay and kaolin with smectite were submitted to a maturation period of 1 to 4 weeks. Next, the masses were shaped by uniaxial pressing to obtain test specimens, which were then subjected to heat treatment at 1200, 1300 and 1400 °C, and the following properties were subsequently analyzed: water absorption, linear firing shrinkage, and three-point flexural strength. The results showed that after firing the samples had quartz, cristobalite and mullite phases, with the latter as the major phase. The firing temperature was the parameter that had the greatest influence on the evaluated properties, with the highest temperature (1400 °C) exerting the most influence.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132018643692169 2151 downloads

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