Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic baths with Carapa guianensis (andiroba) oil against monogeneans of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), as well as the hematological and histological effects on fish. Among the fatty acids identified in C. guianensis oil, oleic acid (53.4%) and palmitic acid (28.7%) were the major compounds, and four limonoids were also identified. Therapeutic baths of 1 hour were performed for five consecutive days, and there was no fish mortality in any of the treatments. Therapeutic baths using 500 mg/L of C. guianensis oil had an anthelmintic efficacy of 91.4% against monogeneans. There was increase of total plasma protein and glucose, number of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes and number of monocytes and decrease in mean corpuscular volume. Histological changes such as epithelium detachment, hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and aneurysm were found in the gills of tambaqui from all treatments, including controls with water of culture tank and water of culture tank plus iso-propyl alcohol. Therapeutic baths with 500 mg/L of C. guianensis oil showed high efficacy and caused few physiological changes capable of compromising fish gill function. Results indicate that C. guianensis oil has an anthelmintic potential for control and treatment of infections by monogeneans in tambaqui.

Resumo Avaliou-se a eficácia de banhos terapêuticos com óleo de Carapa guianensis (andiroba) contra monogenéticos de Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), bem como os efeitos hematológicos e histológicos. Dentre os ácidos graxos identificados no óleo de C. guianensis, ácido oleico (53,4%) e ácido palmítico (28,7%) foram os compostos majoritários, e quatro limonoides também foram identificados. Banhos terapêuticos de 1 hora foram realizados por cinco dias consecutivos, não havendo mortalidade de peixes em nenhum dos tratamentos. Banhos terapêuticos, com 500 mg/L de óleo de C. guianensis, apresentaram eficácia de 91,4% contra monogenéticos. Houve aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de proteína total e glicose, número de eritrócitos, trombócitos, leucócitos, linfócitos e número de monócitos e diminuição do volume corpuscular médio. Alterações histológicas, como descolamento do epitélio, hiperplasia, fusão lamelar e aneurisma, foram encontradas nas brânquias de tambaqui de todos os tratamentos, incluindo os controles com água do tanque de cultivo e água do tanque de cultivo + álcool isopropílico. Banhos terapêuticos com 500 mg/L de óleo de C. guianensis mostraram alta eficácia e causaram poucas alterações fisiológicas capazes de comprometer a função branquial dos peixes. Esses resultados indicam que o óleo de C. guianensis apresenta potencial anti-helmíntico para controle e tratamento de infecções causadas por monogenéticos em tambaqui.

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that reaches more than 382 million people worldwide. It interferes with the metabolism of carbohydrates, causing chronic hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Copaifera duckei, Dwyer, Fabaceae, oleoresin on streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic rats. This study was based on the induction of diabetes mellitus by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, i.p.) in Wistar rats and treated with doses of C. duckei oleoresin (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). Subsequently, the clinical, biochemical and histopathological of the pancreas parameters were evaluated. Gas chromatographic analysis indicated that β-bisabolene (22.29%), β-caryophyllene (21.25%) and α-farnesene (15.58%) sesquiterpenes were the major components of the C. duckei oleoresin. In streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, it was possible to observe that the C. duckei oleoresin treatment had a significant effect (p < 0.001) on the clinical parameters, and that there was a positive improvement. This was attenuated by the urea, creatinine, and transaminases alterations (p < 0.001) observed in animals with diabetes mellitus, as well as the significantly reduced (p < 0.001) values of total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and glucose. In the histopathological analyses of the pancreas, it was observed that the C. duckei oleoresin was able to restore β-cells and to significantly increase the quantity and diameter of the Langerhans islets (p < 0.05), when compared to the diabetic group. The treatment with C. duckei oleoresin, employed under the conditions of this study, presented antidiabetic activity and can improve the complications found in this syndrome.