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A responsabilidade civil decorrente da prática do bullying e do cyberbullying no ambiente escolar
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Yaegashi, João Gabriel

; Otero, Cleber Sanfelici

; Yaegash, Solange Franci Raimundo

; Ferreira, Nilson Alves

Cuestiones constitucionales

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dec 2022, N. 47 Pages 397 - 422

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este artigo, de cunho teórico, apresenta um estudo do bullying e do cyberbullying no ambiente escolar, bem como da responsabilidade civil decorrente dessas práticas e da violação dos direitos da personalidade. Para tanto, procede-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Conclui-se que o bullying e o cyberbullying consistem em um relevante problema no cenário educacional nacional, porquanto viola diversos direitos da personalidade e implica graves consequências biopsicossociais para os envolvidos, de modo que todos devem contribuir para a sua prevenção e repressão, principalmente os estabelecimentos de ensino, os quais possuem esse dever imposto de maneira específica pela legislação brasileira; no caso de sua inobservância e omissão específica, deverão reparar, de forma objetiva, todos os danos sofridos pelas vítimas do evento.

Abstract This theoretical article presentes a study of bullying and cyberbullying in the school environment as well as the civil responsability arising from these practices and the violation of personality rights. To do so, bibliographical and documentary research is carried out. It is concluded that bullying and cyberbullying are relevant problems in the national educational scenario, as they violate several personality rights and cause serious biopsychosocial consequences for those involved, so that everyone should contribute to its prevention and repression, especially educational establishments, which have this duty imposed in a specific way by the brazilian legislation; in the event of non-compliance and specific omission, they must objectively repair all damages suffered by the victims of the event.

https://doi.org/10.22201/iij.24484881e.2022.47.17534

Study on the Tribological Behavior of Wear and Friction Coefficient on AISI M35 High-Speed Steel with and without DLC Coating
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Martins, Paulo Sérgio

; Carneiro, José Rubens Gonçalves

; Ba, Elhadji Cheikh Talibouya

; Vieira, Vitor Ferreira

; Amaral, Diego Boaventura

; Cruz, Nilson Cristino da

Materials Research

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e20200577

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract To improve the wear resistance of cutting tools made of high-speed steel, the Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coating appears as a promising alternative. There are several methods to assess wear, however, it is a challenge for manufacturing engineering to work with thin films, due to the uncertainty in the boundary of the substrate and the coating. Based on this concern, this study proposed the evaluation of the tribological behavior of the DLC coating deposited on AISI M35 steel, seeking to predict its behavior in machining conditions based on characterizations, nano-indentation, micro-abrasion and ball-on-disc test. Results showed that the DLC coating produced for this study consists mainly of sp2 hybridizations. The results of the nano-indentation showed that DLC coating may have a better wear resistance when compared to high-speed steel, and the nano-hardness and Young's modulus do not necessarily obey a positive correlation. Compared to high-speed steel, DLC provided reductions of 71% and 69% without micro-abrasive wear and without friction coefficient during sliding, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0577 63 downloads

Saúde coletiva e agroecologia: necessárias conexões para materializar sistemas alimentares sustentáveis e saudáveis
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Paula, Natália Ferreira de

; Bezerra, Islandia

; Paula, Nilson Maciel

Saúde em Debate

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2022, Volume 46 N. spe2 Pages 262 - 276

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O artigo traz uma discussão sobre a conexão entre saúde coletiva e agroecologia como promotoras de saúde, como expressão de sistemas alimentares sustentáveis e saudáveis orientados pelo princípio de Soberania e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SSAN). A noção de regime alimentar corporativo ou neoliberal orienta a interpretação das transformações do sistema alimentar no contexto da ordem global neoliberal, a partir da qual é possível detectar suas fragilidades. Assim, é dada atenção a tendências contra-hegemônicas impulsionadas por movimentos sociais e formas alternativas de produção e abastecimento alimentar. O regime alimentar neoliberal concentrado no poder das grandes corporações, capazes de capturar o aparelho de Estado, é marcado por práticas desiguais e destrutivas, que expulsam povos dos seus territórios, expropriam a natureza, contaminam solos, água, ar e alimentos, adoecem e matam pessoas e o ambiente. Em oposição, entendem-se a agroecologia e a saúde coletiva como campos contra-hegemônicos que promovem sistemas alimentares sustentáveis e saudáveis. Dessa forma, apoiado nessa análise, é necessário construir uma base de conhecimento interdisciplinar que dê solidez conceitual e visibilidade a outro sistema alimentar coeso e sustentado nos princípios da SSAN, no direito humano à alimentação adequada, na valorização da vida humana e respeito à natureza.

ABSTRACT The connection between collective health and agroecology is discussed in this article as an expression of a sustainable and healthy food system oriented by the principle of nutritional food sovereignty and security. The notion of the corporate or neoliberal food regime is the basis for analyzing the transformations undergone by the food system in the context of the neoliberal global order, whose fragilities are stressed. Attention is given to counter-hegemonic trends impelled by social movements and alternative structures of food supply. The neoliberal food regime is anchored in the power of large corporations, able to control the state, shaped by unfair and destructive practices that evict local populations from their territories, deplete nature, poison soil and water flows, air and food, and sicken or kill people and the environment. On the other side, agroecology and collective health are regarded counter-hegemonic fields, in which sustainable and healthy food systems are built. Based on this analysis, it is necessary to build an interdisciplinary knowledge that provides a conceptual strength and promote visibility to a coherent food system, resting on the principles of nutritional food sovereignty and security, the human right to adequate food, the valorization of human life and respect to nature.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e218

Saúde coletiva e agroecologia: necessárias conexões para materializar sistemas alimentares sustentáveis e saudáveis
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Paula, Natália Ferreira de

; Bezerra, Islandia

; Paula, Nilson Maciel

Saúde em Debate

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2022, Volume 46 N. spe2 Pages 262 - 276

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e218

Diretriz de Miocardites da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia – 2022
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Montera, Marcelo Westerlund

; Marcondes-Braga, Fabiana G.

; Simões, Marcus Vinícius

; Moura, Lídia Ana Zytynski

; Fernandes, Fabio

; Mangine, Sandrigo

; Oliveira Júnior, Amarino Carvalho de

; Souza, Aurea Lucia Alves de Azevedo Grippa de

; Ianni, Bárbara Maria

; Rochitte, Carlos Eduardo

; Mesquita, Claudio Tinoco

; de Azevedo Filho, Clerio F.

; Freitas, Dhayn Cassi de Almeida

; Melo, Dirceu Thiago Pessoa de

; Bocchi, Edimar Alcides

; Horowitz, Estela Suzana Kleiman

; Mesquita, Evandro Tinoco

; Oliveira, Guilherme H.

; Villacorta, Humberto

; Rossi Neto, João Manoel

; Barbosa, João Marcos Bemfica

; Figueiredo Neto, José Albuquerque de

; Luiz, Louise Freire

; Hajjar, Ludhmila Abrahão

; Beck-da-Silva, Luis

; Campos, Luiz Antonio de Almeida

; Danzmann, Luiz Cláudio

; Bittencourt, Marcelo Imbroinise

; Garcia, Marcelo Iorio

; Avila, Monica Samuel

; Clausell, Nadine Oliveira

; Oliveira Jr, Nilson Araujo de

; Silvestre, Odilson Marcos

; Souza, Olga Ferreira de

; Mourilhe-Rocha, Ricardo

; Kalil Filho, Roberto

; Al-Kindi, Sadeer G.

; Rassi, Salvador

; Alves, Silvia Marinho Martins

; Ferreira, Silvia Moreira Ayub

; Rizk, Stéphanie Itala

; Mattos, Tiago Azevedo Costa

; Barzilai, Vitor

; Martins, Wolney de Andrade

; Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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2022, Volume 119 N. 1 Pages 143 - 211

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220412

Contribuição da terapia ocupacional para a organização da rotina de mulheres submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico para câncer de mama: um enfoque nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD)
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Camargo, Maria José Gugelmin de

; Santos, Cássia Rebeca Andrade de Araújo dos

; Ferreira, José Nilson de Freitas

; Abonante, Kátia Silene Freire Bonfim

Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional

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2022, Volume 30 elocation e3328

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução Mastectomia radical modificada e quadrantectomia são os principais tratamentos cirúrgicos para o câncer de mama; no entanto, podem ocasionar desordens físicas, mentais, sociais e ocupacionais à paciente e sua rede de apoio. Objetivo Analisar o efeito de orientações terapêuticas ocupacionais pré-cirúrgicas na rede de apoio de mulheres submetidas à cirurgia para tratamento de câncer de mama para organizar sua rotina pós-cirúrgica com foco nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVD). Método Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo-exploratório e longitudinal realizado com 14 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama e indicadas à cirurgia eletiva, consistindo em orientações personalizadas a sua rede de apoio. Os dados foram coletados em dois momentos: pré- e pós-cirúrgico (após 30 dias) por meio de entrevista semiestruturada via videoconferência gravada e explorados por análise de conteúdo. Resultados As principais orientações fornecidas aos familiares incluíam estratégias para adaptação, graduação e delegação das atividades mais significativas para as participantes. Os achados da pesquisa foram divididos nas seguintes categorias: Família como rede de apoio e o processo de recuperação; Desafios do cuidado; Retorno ao desempenho das AIVD; Segurança da integridade física e emocional; e O terapeuta ocupacional como rede de apoio. As participantes destacaram a relevância do estudo e anseio por ampla cobertura assistencial da terapia ocupacional. Conclusão Os achados sugerem eficácia nas intervenções voltadas à organização da rotina de mulheres mastectomizadas a partir da instrumentalização da rede de apoio para o cuidado colaborativo.

Abstract Introduction Modified radical mastectomy and quadrantectomy are the main surgical treatments for breast cancer; however, they can cause physical, mental, social and occupational disorders to the patient and her support network. Objective To analyze the effect of preoperative occupational therapeutic guidance on the support network of women undergoing breast cancer surgery aiming to organize their postoperative routine with a focus on Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). Method This is a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory, longitudinal study conducted with 14 women diagnosed with breast cancer and referred to elective surgery, consisting of personalized guidance to their support network. Data were collected at two moments: pre- and post-operatively (30 days after surgery) through recorded semi-structured interviews via videoconference, and explored by content analysis. Results The main guidance provided to family members consisted of strategies for adaptation, grading, and delegating of the activities most significant to the participants. The findings were divided into the following categories: Family as a support network and the recovery process; Care challenges; Resuming IADL performance; Assurance of physical and emotional integrity; The occupational therapist as a support network. The participants highlighted the relevance of the study and their desire for broad Occupational Therapy assistance coverage. Conclusion The findings suggest the efficacy of interventions aimed at the routine organization of women who have undergone mastectomy based on the instrumentalization of their support network for collaborative care.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoao255033281

Image analysis for the evaluation of soybean seeds vigor
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Barros Brandan, Erich

; Oliveira Silva Souza, Nara

; Mattioni, Nilson Matheus

; Fernandes de Jesus Souza, Flívia

; Michelle Souza Vilela, Flívia

; Marques, Érica Alves

; de Souza-Ferreira, Wallas Felippe

Acta Agronómica

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sep 2021, Volume 70 N. 3 Pages 311 - 316

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La búsqueda de la reducción del tiempo y de la subjetividad humana en el análisis del potencial fisiológico de las semillas ha planteado como alternativa el uso de sistemas informáticos. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la efectividad del equipo GroundEye en la caracterización del vigor de semillas de soja mediante la técnica de análisis de imágenes en comparación con la información proporcionada por las pruebas de vigor recomendadas para semillas de soja. Se utilizaron dieciséis lotes de dos variedades de soja, la variedad 98Y12 y P98Y70, caracterizaron por las siguientes pruebas: prueba de germinación, ensayo de envejecimiento acelerado, prueba de frío, prueba de tetrazolio, y emergencia de plántulas en el campo. El análisis de imágenes se realiza mediante el software GroundEye para obtener el índice de vigor y la longitud promedio de plántulas y raíces para su posterior comparación con los resultados de la prueba de envejecimiento acelerado y la medición manual de la longitud promedio de plántulas y raíces. GroundEye ha demostrado eficiencia en la determinación del vigor de semillas de soja y ha reducido el tiempo necesario para obtener los resultados en seis días, siendo indicado en los programas de control de calidad establecidos por las empresas productoras de semillas de soja.

Abstract The search for time and human subjectivity reduction in the analysis of the physiologic potential of seeds has brought forward the use of computerized systems as an alternative. The goal of this research was to assess the effectiveness of the GroundEye equipment in the characterization of soybean seeds vigor by using the image analysis technique in comparison to the information provided by vigor tests recommended to soybean seeds. Sixteen lots of two soybean varieties were used - variety 98Y12 and P98Y70, characterized by the following tests: germination test, accelerated ageing test, cold test, tetrazolium test, and seedling emergence in the field. The image analysis was performed using the GroundEye software to obtain the vigor index and the average length of seedlings and roots for a later comparison with the results of the accelerated ageing test and the manual measurement of the average length of seedlings and roots. GroundEye has demonstrated efficiency in the determination of vigor of soybean seeds and has reduced the time needed to obtain the results in six days, being indicated in the quality control programs established by soybean seeds production companies.

https://doi.org/10.15446/acag.v70n3.92093

Análise de parâmetro normatizado para projeto de estruturas de madeira considerando a confiabilidade estrutural
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Cruz, Rafael Barreto Castelo da

; Santos, Luciano Ferreira dos

; Mascia, Nilson Tadeu

; Silva, Maria Cecilia Amorim Teixeira da

Ambiente Construído

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apr 2021, Volume 21 N. 2 Pages 277 - 294

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A confiabilidade está relacionada ao grau de confiança de um sistema, o qual deve ser estabelecido em projeto, prevendo-se e especificando-se suas condições de operação. O Anexo E da norma NBR 7190:1997 destinada a projetos de estruturas de madeira apresenta resultados de uma ampla amostragem de diferentes espécies de dicotiledôneas e coníferas, com grande variação no número de exemplares, fixando um coeficiente de variação (CV) para solicitações normais e tangenciais igual a 18% e 28%, respectivamente. Este trabalho avaliou, com enfoque probabilístico, a distribuição de frequência de resistência à compressão paralela às fibras das amostras apresentadas no modelo normativo, buscando especificar-se o índice de confiabilidade estabelecido. Os resultados apontam que os dados propostos podem não ser normalmente distribuídos, acarretando distorções na obtenção da resistência característica. A adoção de um único coeficiente de variação para coníferas e dicotiledôneas não foi ratificada na análise dos dados e, ao se considerar a homogeneização de classes, também são gerados diferentes coeficientes de variação. Sobre a proposta de revisão da NBR 7190, conclui-se que a inclusão de mais uma classe de resistência (D50) melhora a distribuição das amostras, contudo, a supressão do Anexo E dificulta a categorização das classes por espécies.

Abstract Reliability is related to the degree of reliability of a system, which must be established in the design, which should predict and specify itsoperating conditions. Annex E of standard NBR 7190:1997 for wooden structure projects presents results from a wide sampling of different dicotyledonous and coniferous species, with great variation in the number of specimens, fixing a coefficient of variation (CV) for normal and shear strength equal to 18% and 28%, respectively. This study evaluated, by using a probabilistic approach, the frequency distribution of samples of compressive strength parallel to the grain presented in the standard, seeking to specify the reliability index established. The results indicate that the data proposed may not be normally distributed, leading to distortions in the obtention of the characteristic strength. The adoption of a single coefficient of variation for the coniferous and dicotyledonous species is not ratified in the analysis of the data and, when considering the homogenisation of classes, different coefficients of variation are also generated. Regarding the proposed revision of NBR 7190, it is concluded that the inclusion of one more resistance class (D50) improves the distribution of the samples, however, the suppression of Annex E hinders the categorisation of classes by species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212021000200526 639 downloads

Proliferation rate and expression of stem cells markers during expansion in primary culture of pulp cells
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Turrioni, Ana Paula

; Oliveira Neto, Nilson Ferreira de

; Xu, Yan

; Morse, Leslie

; Costa, Carlos Alberto de Souza

; Battaglino, Ricardo

; Hebling, Josimeri

Brazilian Oral Research

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2021, Volume 35 elocation e128

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the proliferation rate and the expression of stem cells markers during expansion in primary culture of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), comparing different techniques (explant and enzymatic digestion), subject ages (up to 40 and over 40) and cell passages (#2, #5 and #8). DPSCs were isolated using either the enzymatic digestion (ED) or explant (EX) technique. The number of days needed for the cells to reach confluence was determined. Immunophenotyping was performed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis using antibodies specific for nestin, vimentin, CD44, CD146, Oct3/4 and CD34. Data were subjected to three-way analysis of variance (n = 6/group). The ANOVA tests were complemented by Tukey's or t-tests (p < 0.05). The variables “donor age” and “technique” were analyzed to define the optimal desirability value using a response optimization. DPSCs presented a high proliferation rate from passages 2 to 5 while cells from passage 8 proliferated at a slower rate. For all markers, no significant difference was observed among passages, irrespective of the technique used or the donor's age. The mean fraction of specific antibodies was 73.7% (± 11.5), 49.0% (± 18.7), 80.1% (± 8.0), 45.2% (± 13.7), 64.7% (± 5.3) and 2.0% (± 1.5) for CD44, OCT, vimentin, nestin, CD146 and CD34, respectively. The highest optimal desirability value was obtained using the ED technique and cells from younger patients (d = 0.92). However, it was concluded that neither the isolation technique nor the donor age or cell passage significantly interfered with the stem cell phenotype and proliferation rate during cell expansion.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0128 1 downloads

10.

Physical activity learning by medical students: the current picture in Brazil
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Bortolini, Cristiane Soares Ferreira

; Mastro, Amanda Capeloto

; Barbosa, Gabriel Marcos

; Resende, Rafael de Oliveira

; Medeiros, Luciana Alves de

; Silva, Rita do Socorro Uchôa da

; Penha-Silva, Nilson

; Bortolini, Miguel Junior Sordi

Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica

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2021, Volume 45 N. 2 elocation e082

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: Introdução: A atividade física é essencial para prevenir e tratar muitas doenças. Embora os médicos sejam os profissionais de saúde que mais influenciam a orientação de seus pacientes sobre os benefícios da atividade física, a maioria dos programas de graduação em Medicina no Brasil parece não incluir tópicos sobre atividade física em seus currículos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença de tópicos sobre atividade física nos currículos médicos ativos no Brasil. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada separadamente em abril de 2015 e fevereiro de 2019, utilizando um recurso governamental, o sistema e-MEC, e pesquisa em bancos de dados da internet. Os dados foram divididos em categorias, de acordo com a condição de matrícula (obrigatória ou opcional) dos cursos com disciplinas ou módulos temáticos contendo tópicos sobre atividade física, tipo de atividades (teóricas, práticas ou teórico-práticas) e ênfase no conteúdo (saúde, desempenho ou saúde e desempenho). Resultado: Dos 223 currículos médicos compilados em 2015 e 286 em 2019, respectivamente, apenas 24 (10,8%) e 19 (6,7%) apresentaram pelo menos uma disciplina ou módulo temático contendo tópico sobre atividade física com ênfase em saúde. Conclusão: No Brasil, o número de currículos de graduação em Medicina contemplando tópicos de atividade física ainda é pequeno e sofreu uma redução entre 2015 e 2019, o que deve servir de alerta para as instituições de ensino médico quanto à necessidade de inclusão de conteúdos longitudinalmente distribuídos sobre atividade física, com abordagens teórica e, se possível, prática, e com ênfase na promoção da saúde e no tratamento de doenças, em unidades curriculares obrigatórias.

Abstract: Introduction: Physical activity is essential for preventing and treating many diseases. Although physicians are the most influential health professionals in advising their patients on the benefits of physical activity, most medical degree programs in Brazil do not seem to include physical activity topics in their curricula. Objective: This study aimed to investigate physical activity topics on active medical curricula in Brazil. Method: The research was conducted separately in April 2015 and February 2019 using a governmental resource, the e-MEC system, and search in internet databases. Data were split into categories according to the type of enrollment (mandatory or optional) of the courses that have subjects or thematic modules with topics on physical activity, type of activities (theoretical, practical, or theoretical-practical), and emphasis on the content (health, performance, or health and performance). Results: Of the 223 medical curricula compiled in 2015 and 286 in 2019, respectively, only 24 (10.8%) and 19 (6.7%) had at least one subject or thematic module concerning physical activity with emphasis on health. Conclusion: In Brazil, the number of undergraduate medical curricula covering physical activity topics is still small and suffered a reduction between 2015 and 2019, which should warn medical education institutions about the need to include physical activity longitudinally distributed contents, with theoretical and - if possible - practical approaches, and emphasis on health promotion and treatment of diseases, in mandatory curricular units.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-5271v45.2-20200050.ing 191 downloads

11.

Metabolomics as a potential tool for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency (GHD): a review
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San-Martin, Breno Sena De

; Ferreira, Vinícius Guimarães

; Bitencourt, Mariana Rechia

; Pereira, Paulo Cesar Gonçalves

; Carrilho, Emanuel

; Assunção, Nilson Antônio de

; Carvalho, Luciani Renata Silveira de

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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dec 2020, Volume 64 N. 6 Pages 654 - 663

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Metabolomics uses several analytical tools to identify the chemical diversity of metabolites present in organisms. These metabolites are low molecular weight molecules (<1500 Da) classified as a final or intermediary product of metabolic processes. The application of this omics technology has become prominent in inferring physiological conditions through reporting on the phenotypic state; therefore, the introduction of metabolomics into clinical studies has been growing in recent years due to its efficiency in discriminating pathophysiological states. Regarding endocrine diseases, there is a great interest in verifying comprehensive and individualized physiological scenarios, in particular for growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The current GHD diagnostic tests are laborious and invasive and there is no exam with ideal reproducibility and sensitivity for diagnosis neither standard GH cut-off point. Therefore, this review was focussed on articles that applied metabolomics in the search for new biomarkers for GHD. The present work shows that the applications of metabolomics in GHD are still limited, since the little complementarily of analytical techniques, a low number of samples, GHD combined to other deficiencies, and idiopathic diagnosis shows a lack of progress. The results of the research are relevant and similar; however, their results do not provide an application for clinical practice due to the lack of multidisciplinary actions that would be needed to mediate the translation of the knowledge produced in the laboratory, if transferred to the medical setting.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000300 968 downloads

12.

Repercussões da Pandemia de COVID-19 na Prática Assistencial de um Hospital Terciário
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Almeida, André Luiz Cerqueira

; Santo, Thyago Monteiro do Espírito

; Mello, Maurício Silva Santana

; Cedro, Alexandre Viana

; Lopes, Nilson Lima

; Ribeiro, Ana Paloma Martins Rocha

; Mota, João Gustavo Cerqueira

; Mendes, Rodrigo Serapião

; Almeida, Paulo André Abreu

; Ferreira, Murilo Araújo

; Arruda, Diego Moreira

; Santos, Adriana Aguiar Pepe

; Rios, Vinícius Guedes

; Dantas, Maria Rosa Nascimento

; Silva, Viviane Almeida

; Silva, Marcos Gomes da

; Sampaio, Patrick Harrison Santana

; Guimarães, André Raimundo

; Santos Jr, Edval Gomes

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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nov 2020, Volume 115 N. 5 Pages 862 - 870

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento Ainda não temos informações acerca do impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 sobre a atividade médica assistencial no Brasil. Objetivo Descrever as repercussões da pandemia da COVID-19 na rotina de atendimentos em um hospital terciário, referência regional em cardiologia e oncologia. Métodos Estudo de corte transversal. Foi realizado levantamento dos atendimentos no período de 23/03/2020 (fechamento do comércio local) até 23/04/2020 (P20) e comparado com o mesmo período em 2019 (P19).Resultados: Detectamos redução no número de consultas cardiológicas, teste ergométrico, Holter, monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial, eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma (90%, 84%, 94%, 92%, 94% e 81%, respectivamente). Em relação à cirurgia cardíaca e cateterismo cardíaco, houve redução de 48% e 60%, respectivamente. Aumento no número de angioplastia transluminal coronária (33%) e de implante de marca-passo definitivo (29%). Houve 97 internamentos na UTI em P19, contra 78 em P20, redução de 20%. Diminuição dos atendimentos no pronto-socorro cardiológico (45%) e nos internamentos na enfermaria de cardiologia (36%). Houve diminuição nas consultas oncológicas de 30%. Sessões de quimioterapia reduziram de 1.944 para 1.066 (45%). Sessões de radioterapia diminuíram 19%. Conclusão A COVID-19 provocou redução considerável no número de consultas nos ambulatórios de cardiologia, oncologia e demais especialidades. Houve uma preocupante diminuição no número de cirurgias cardíacas e nas sessões de quimioterapia e radioterapia nas semanas iniciais da pandemia. A procura por atendimento no pronto-socorro cardiológico, assim como as internações na UTI e enfermaria cardiológicas, também reduziram, gerando preocupação acerca da evolução e prognóstico destes pacientes portadores de outras patologias, que não a COVID-19, nestes tempos de pandemia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background We still do not have information regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical care activity in Brazil. Objective To describe the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the care routine of a tertiary hospital, which is a regional reference in cardiology and oncology. Methods Cross-sectional cohort study. We conducted a survey of medical visits from March 23, 2020 (when local commerce was closed) to April 23, 2020 (P20), in comparison with the same period in 2019 (P19). Results We found decreases in the number of cardiology consultations, exercise tests, Holter, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram (90%, 84%, 94%, 92%, 94%, and 81%, respectively). In relation to cardiac surgery and cardiac catheterization, there were 48% and 60% decreases, respectively. There was an increase in the number of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (33%) and definitive pacemaker implantations (29%). There were 97 admissions to the ICU during P19, in contrast with 78 during P20, a 20% decrease. Visits to the cardiac emergency room (45%) and admissions to the cardiology ward (36%) also decreased. The decrease in oncology consultations was 30%. Chemotherapy sessions decreased from 1,944 to 1,066 (45%), and radiotherapy sessions decreased by 19%. Conclusion COVID-19 has led to a considerable decrease in the number of consultations in outpatient clinics for cardiology, oncology, and other specialties. There was a concerning decrease in the number of cardiac surgeries, chemotherapy sessions, and radiotherapy sessions during the initial weeks of the pandemic. The number of people seeking care in the cardiac emergency room and the number of admissions to the cardiology ward and ICU also decreased, generating concern regarding the evolution and prognosis of these patients with pathologies other than COVID-19 during this pandemic time. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20200436 1791 downloads

13.

Dinâmica espaço-temporal da extração seletiva de madeiras no estado de Mato Grosso entre 1992 e 2016
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Moretti, Mariana Soares

; Matricardi, Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli

; Costa, Olívia Bueno da

; Pedlowski, Marcos Antonio

; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino

; Miguel, Eder Pereira

Ciência Florestal

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sep 2020, Volume 30 N. 3 Pages 796 - 808

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A extração seletiva de madeiras é uma atividade florestal que inclui a exploração de um grupo de espécies florestais em florestas nativas, normalmente as de maior valor ou interesse comercial. A extração seletiva de madeiras pode ser executada legalmente, em áreas de manejo e de exploração florestal para desmatamentos autorizados ou, ilegalmente, em situações não autorizadas, que ocorrem de forma predatória. No presente estudo, a dinâmica espaço-temporal da extração seletiva de madeiras no estado de Mato Grosso foi avaliada a partir de uma série temporal (de 1992 a 2016) de dados de florestas exploradas seletivamente detectadas, usando dados de sensoriamento remoto. A interpretação visual e a classificação semiautomática de imagens Landsat foram utilizadas para detectar as florestas alteradas por atividades de extração seletiva de madeiras na área de estudo. Com base nos presentes resultados, estimou-se que 41.926 km2 de florestas nativas foram exploradas ao menos uma vez entre 1992 e 2016 em Mato Grosso, com área média anual de 1.747 km2. As florestas exploradas seletivamente e detectadas com distúrbios persistentes ou recorrentes foram mais frequentes nos anos mais recentes desta análise. A maioria das florestas exploradas seletivamente na área e no período de estudo não foram desmatadas até 2016. Esse fato indica que a extração seletiva de madeiras consiste em um fenômeno desagregado do desmatamento no estado de Mato Grosso. Observou-se que uma média de 18 km2.ano-1 e 268,18 km2.ano-1 de florestas foram exploradas seletivamente dentro de Unidades de Conservação e Terras Indígenas, respectivamente, entre 1992 e 2016. As atividades de extração seletiva não apresentaram tendências significativas de aumento ou redução dentro de áreas protegidas no período analisado. As áreas de exploração seletiva de madeira foram persistentemente detectadas nos antigos polos madeireiros localizados na região centro-norte do Estado com, possivelmente, novos ciclos de corte nas áreas manejadas. Mais recentemente, a extração seletiva se expandiu à última fronteira florestal nativa no noroeste do estado de Mato Grosso. Finalmente, concluiu-se que a exploração madeireira impacta grande extensão de florestas nativas anualmente no estado de Mato Grosso e, por isso, precisa ser devidamente considerada e monitorada pelos órgãos ambientais devido aos seus potenciais impactos nas florestas e para apoiar a definição de políticas públicas para garantir a sustentabilidade da produção florestal futura naquele Estado.

Abstract Selective logging is a forestry activity that includes harvesting a group of tree species in native forests, usually those of higher value or commercial interest. Selective logging can be carried out legally, in forest management areas and forest areas previously authorized for deforestation, or illegally, in any other unauthorized cases that occur in a predatory manner. In this study, the spatiotemporal dynamic of selectively logged forests in the state of Mato Grosso was assessed based on a time-series (from 1992 to 2016) of logged forests detected using remotely sensed data. Visual interpretation and semi-automatic classification of Landsat imagery were used to detect forests impacted by selective logging activities in the study area. Based on the results, it was estimated that 41,926 km2 of native forests were selectively logged at least once between 1992 and 2016 in the state of Mato Grosso, an annual average of 1,747 km2. Selectively logged forests detected showing persistent or recurrent forest disturbances were more frequently observed in the most recent years of this analysis. Most of the selectively logged forests in the study area and period have not been deforested by 2016. It indicates that selective logging is a dissociated phenomenon with deforestation in the state of Mato Grosso. It was also observed that an average of 18 km2.year-1 and 268.18 km2.year-1 of native forests was selectively logged within Conservation Units and Indigenous Lands between 1992 and 2016. A significant tendency to increase or decrease logging activities within those protected areas in the analyzed period was not observed. Selectively logged forests were persistently detected in the old timber centers located in the central-northern region of the state of Mato Grosso, showing, potentially, new cutting cycles in those previously logged forests. More recently, selective logging activities have reached the last native forest frontier in northwestern Mato Grosso. Finally, it was concluded that selective logging is annually disturbing a considerable extension of native forests in the state of Mato Grosso and, therefore, needs to be adequately considered and monitored by environmental agencies due to its potential forest impacts and to support the definition of public policies to ensure the future sustainability of forest production in that state.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509836802 477 downloads

14.

Evaluation of ionizing radiation as a risk factor for the incidence of breast cancer: long-term analysis after the cesium-137 accident in Goiânia, Brazil. An ecological study
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Lage, Leonardo Bastos

; Freitas-Junior, Ruffo

; Corrêa, Rosangela da Silveira

; Santos, Eliane Eugênia dos

; Ferreira, Nilson Clementino

; Silva, Nivaldo Carlos

; Soares, Leonardo Ribeiro

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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aug 2020, Volume 138 N. 4 Pages 297 - 304

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The largest radiological accident to occur in any urban area happened in Goiânia, Brazil, in 1987. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between breast cancer incidence and ionizing radiation levels. DESIGN AND SETTING: Ecological study among residents of the city of Goiânia, Brazil. METHODS: The central region of Goiânia, with seven major sources of contamination from cesium-137, was defined as the study area. The addresses of women diagnosed with breast cancer were identified between 2001 and 2010. The data were geographically referenced and, using census data, the annual averages of crude incidence rates were estimated. The existence of clusters of new cases was ascertained by means of the Moran index. Correlations of radiometric measurements with the incidence were assessed using unconditional linear regression. RESULTS: A total of 4,105 new cases were identified, of which 2,233 were in the study area, and of these, 1,286 (57.59%) were georeferenced. The gross rates of total and referenced cases were 102.91 and 71.86/100,000 women, respectively. These were close to the average for Brazilian state capitals, which is 79.37/100,000 women. The cluster analysis showed slight correlations in three small sets of census tracts, but these were far from the sources of contamination. The scatter plot of points and the R2 value close to zero indicated that there was no association between the variables. CONCLUSION: This study reinforces the hypothesis that the ionizing radiation levels to which women living in Goiânia are now exposed to are not associated with the onset of new cases of breast cancer.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2020.0041.r1.04052020 477 downloads

15.

Biological bases for a possible effect of cannabidiol in Parkinson’s disease
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Ferreira-Junior, Nilson C.

; Campos, Alline C.

; Guimarães, Francisco S.

; Del-Bel, Elaine

; Zimmermann, Patrícia M. da R.

; Brum Junior, Liberato

; Hallak, Jaime E.

; Crippa, José A.

; Zuardi, Antonio W.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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apr 2020, Volume 42 N. 2 Pages 218 - 224

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Current pharmacotherapy of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is palliative and unable to modify the progression of neurodegeneration. Treatments that can improve patients’ quality of life with fewer side effects are needed, but not yet available. Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic constituent of cannabis, has received considerable research attention in the last decade. In this context, we aimed to critically review the literature on potential therapeutic effects of CBD in PD and discuss clinical and preclinical evidence supporting the putative neuroprotective mechanisms of CBD. We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) for indexed articles published in English from inception to 2019. The following keywords were used: cannabis; cannabidiol and neuroprotection; endocannabinoids and basal ganglia; Parkinson’s animal models; Parkinson’s history; Parkinson’s and cannabidiol. Few studies addressed the biological bases for the purported effects of CBD on PD. Six preclinical studies showed neuroprotective effects, while three targeted the antidyskinetic effects of CBD. Three human studies have tested CBD in patients with PD: an open-label study, a case series, and a randomized controlled trial. These studies reported therapeutic effects of CBD on non-motor symptoms. Additional research is needed to elucidate the potential effectiveness of CBD in PD and the underlying mechanisms involved.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0460 2191 downloads

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