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Abstract Objective To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to 4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results Throughout the study, 17,101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130 (0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was 54 (IQR: 43.0;64.0) years in 2020 and 53 (IQR: 46.0;63.5) years in 2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In 2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in 2021 (25.0% vs. 25.1%; p > 0.999). Conclusions Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in 2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100223

String test: a potentially useful tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in Brazilian children and adolescents
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Cardoso, Claudete Aparecida Araújo

; Rossoni, Andrea Maciel de Oliveira

; Rezende, Joana Moraes de

; Aurilio, Rafaela Baroni

; Santos, Roberta Jaime Ferreira Lima dos

; Ferrarini, Maria Aparecida Gadiani

; Kritski, Afranio Lineu

; Martin, Anandi

; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2022, Volume 64 elocation e27

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study investigated the potential use of the String Test (ST) for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children and adolescents. This is a case series of patients aged 4-15 years presenting with clinically presumed PTB and submitted to ST in three pediatric TB referral centers in Brazil, between November 2017 and July 2020. The ST was performed in the morning, after 4-12 h of fasting, followed by ingestion of the capsule by the patient, which was attached to the patient’s malar region. The material was collected for simultaneous smear microscopy (acid-fast bacilli - AFB), culture and the molecular investigation by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF®. Thirty-three patients with presumed PTB were included and ST was performed in 26 (78.8%) of them and 7 (21.2%) patients could not swallow the cord. The diagnosis of PTB was established in 11 (42.3%) of the 26 patients who underwent the ST. The diagnosis of PTB was confirmed (by culture or GeneXpert MTB/RIF®) in 5 patients, 4 of whom were also positive by the ST. Two of them showed positivity by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF® only in the ST sample. Two other patients had a positive ST following the induced sputum test (AFB, GeneXpert MTB/RIF®, and positive culture in both specimens). Thus, ST was positive in 36.4% of the patients in whom PTB was diagnosed. ST could be a useful test for diagnosing PTB in children and adolescents.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202264027

CHALLENGES AT THE FRONT: EXPERIENCES OF PROFESSIONALS IN ADMITTING PATIENTS TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
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Pereira, Joelmara Furtado dos Santos

; Carvalho, Ruth Helena de Souza Britto Ferreira de

; Pinho, Judith Rafaelle Oliveira

; Thomaz, Erika Barbara Abreu Fonseca

; Lamy, Zeni Carvalho

; Soares, Rafaela Duailibe

; Santos, Jéssica Mendes Costa de Freitas

; Britto e Alves, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem

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2022, Volume 31 elocation e20220196

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer perspectivas, práticas e desafios na tomada de decisão para admissão de pacientes em leitos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva na pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido em dois hospitais públicos do Maranhão, Brasil, de novembro/2020 a janeiro/2021. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas individuais guiadas por roteiro. Participaram do estudo 22 profissionais: enfermeiros e médicos que atuaram em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e Regulação de Leitos na primeira onda da pandemia. Empregou-se a Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade temática, com apoio do Qualitative Data Analysis Software para categorização dos dados. A teoria da Responsabilidade pela Razoabilidade norteou o estudo. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias principais: “Contexto do processo decisório - o paradoxo das altas celestiais” e “Tomada de decisão para admissão”. No cenário de alta demanda, insuficiência de leitos e de incertezas da “nova doença”, decidir quem ocuparia o leito era árduo e conflitante. Critérios clínicos e não clínicos, como gravidade, chance de sobrevivência, distância a ser percorrida e condições do transporte foram considerados. Constatou-se que a ambivalência de sentimentos atribuídos à morte e ao cuidado, naquele momento da pandemia, marcaram o ambiente social e técnico da terapia intensiva. Conclusões: evidenciou-se a complexidade do processo decisório para admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva, demonstrando a importância de analisar a alocação de recursos críticos em cenários pandêmicos. Conhecer as perspectivas dos profissionais e as reflexões deles sobre as experiências naquele período podem auxiliar no planejamento de alocação de recursos de saúde em cenários emergenciais futuros.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the perspectives, practices and challenges in decision-making for admitting patients into the Intensive Care Unit during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: a qualitative study developed in two public hospitals in Maranhão, Brazil, from November/2020 to January/2021. Data collection took place through individual interviews guided by a script. A total of 22 professionals participated in the study: nurses and doctors who worked in the Intensive Care Unit and Bed Regulation in the first wave of the pandemic. Content Analysis was used in the thematic mode, with support from the Qualitative Data Analysis software program for data categorization. The theory of Responsibility for Reasonableness guided the study. Results: two main categories emerged: “The context of the decision-making process - the paradox of celestial discharges” and “Decision-making for admission”. In the scenario of high demand, a lack of beds, and the uncertainties of the “new disease”, deciding who would occupy the bed was arduous and conflicting. Clinical and non-clinical criteria such as severity, chance of survival, distance to be covered and transport conditions were considered. It was found that the ambivalence of feelings attributed to death and care at that moment of the pandemic marked the social and technical environment of intensive care. Conclusions: the complexity of the decision-making process for admission to an intensive care unit was evidenced, demonstrating the importance of analyzing the allocation of critical resources in pandemic scenarios. Knowing the perspectives of professionals and their reflections on the experiences in that period can help in planning the allocation of health resources in future emergency scenarios.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer perspectivas, prácticas y desafíos en la toma de decisiones para el ingreso de pacientes a camas en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: un estudio cualitativo, desarrollado en dos hospitales públicos de Maranhão, Brasil, de noviembre/2020 a enero/2021. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de entrevistas individuales guiadas por un guión. Un total de 22 profesionales participaron en el estudio: enfermeros y médicos que actuaban en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y Regulación de Camas en la primera ola de la pandemia. Se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad temática, con apoyo del Software de Análisis Cualitativo de Datos para la categorización de los datos. La teoría de la Responsabilidad por la Razonabilidad guió el estudio. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías principales: “El contexto del proceso de toma de decisiones - la paradoja de los altos celestes” y “Toma de decisiones para la admisión”. En el escenario de alta demanda, escasez de camas e incertidumbres de la “nueva enfermedad”, decidir quién ocuparía la cama fue arduo y conflictivo. Se consideraron criterios clínicos y no clínicos, como gravedad, probabilidad de supervivencia, distancia a recorrer y condiciones de transporte. Se constató que la ambivalencia de los sentimientos atribuidos a la muerte y al cuidado, en ese momento de la pandemia, marcaron el ambiente social y técnico de la terapia intensiva. Conclusiones: se evidenció la complejidad del proceso de toma de decisiones para el ingreso a una unidad de cuidados intensivos, demostrando la importancia de analizar la asignación de recursos críticos en escenarios de pandemia. Conocer las perspectivas de los profesionales y sus reflexiones sobre las experiencias en ese período puede ayudar en la planificación de la asignación de recursos de salud en futuros escenarios de emergencia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2022-0196en

Evaluation of a rapid detection method of Salmonella in comparison with the culture method and microbiological quality in fish from the Brazilian Amazon
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SANTOS, Paula Hellayne Costa dos

; FIGUEIREDO, Hamilton M.

; SILVA, Luiza Helena Meller da

; SILVA, Rafaela Santos Oliveira da

; CARDOSO, Gabrielle Virginia Ferreira

; MORAES, Carina Martins

; RODRIGUES, Antonio Manoel da Cruz

Food Science and Technology

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mar 2021, Volume 41 N. 1 Pages 151 - 157

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Microbiological safety of fish is a concern of consumers, industries and regulatory agencies worldwide. Among the pathogenic microorganisms, Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents of foodborne diseases and should be absent in animal products. Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens in the supply chain is important for both quality assurance and tracking infectious agents within the chain. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the equivalence of two rapid detection tests, as alternative methods to the conventional Salmonella detection method, as well as to verify the microbiological quality parameters of two commercially important fish species in the Amazon biome. The plate count of aerobic bacteria ranged from 7.76 x 104 to 8.71 x 107 CFU.g-1 for mesophiles and 1.70 x 106 to 4.27 x 108 CFU.g-1 for psychrotrophic whereas the maximum for this group of microorganisms in fresh fish is 106 CFU.g-1. Regarding the Staphylococcus count, the two species presented variations between 1.35 x 104 to 1.51 x 105 CFU.g-1. This represents unsatisfactory conditions of handling, storage and conservation of fish species. The immunoenzymatic and molecular methods have been shown to be reliable, fast and effective in the detection of Salmonella and for its high index of agreement with the conventional detection method. We also emphasize the convenience of multiplex PCR application due to the high sensitivity, specificity, speed and accuracy of Salmonella detection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.38719 452 downloads

CONSTRUÇÃO E VALIDAÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL SOBRE CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL ENTRE UNIVERSITÁRIOS
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Gigante, Vanessa Calmont Gusmão

; Oliveira, Rafaela Cruz de

; Ferreira, Darlisom Sousa

; Teixeira, Elizabeth

; Monteiro, Wagner Ferreira

; Martins, Anete Leda de Oliveira

; Nascimento, Marcia Helena Machado

Cogitare Enfermagem

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2021, Volume 26 elocation e71208

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar tecnologia educacional sobre consumo de álcool para universitários. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido entre junho de 2015 e julho de 2019, em universidade pública do Amazonas, Brasil. Foram realizadas três etapas: construção, validação de conteúdo e validação de aparência. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada em duas fases com 15 profissionais, e a validação de aparência em uma única fase com 91 acadêmicos de quatro cursos da universidade. Resultados: a tecnologia educacional foi nomeada Consumo de Álcool entre Universitários e está disponível no formato de manual impresso e e-book. Apresentou Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,62 na primeira fase e 0,95 na segunda. Quanto à aparência, obteve Índice de Validade Semântica de 0,89. Considerações finais: o manual mostrou-se válido para utilização entre universitários, e pode contribuir com intervenções educativas nesse âmbito em instituições de ensino superior.

ABSTRACT Objective: to build and validate educational technology about alcohol consumption among university students. Method: a methodological study conducted between June 2015 and July 2019 in a public university of Amazonas, Brazil. Three stages were conducted: construction, content validation, and face validation. Content validation was carried out in two phases with 15 professionals, and face validation in a single phase with 91 students from four undergraduate courses of the university. Results: the educational technology was named Alcohol Consumption among University Students and is available in print and as an e-book. It presented a Content Validity Index of 0.62 in the first phase, and of 0.95 in the second phase. As for appearance, the Semantic Validity Index was 0.89. Final considerations: the manual showed to be valid for use among university students, and can contribute with educational interventions within this context in higher education institutions.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: construir y validar tecnología educativa sobre el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios. Método: estudio metodológico, desarrollado entre junio de 2015 y julio de 2019, en una universidad pública del Amazonas, Brasil. Se realizaron tres etapas: construcción, validación de contenido y validación de aspecto. La validación de contenido tuvo lugar en dos fases con 15 profesionales, y la validación de aspecto se desarrolló en una única fase con 91 estudiantes de cuatro carreras de la universidad. Resultados: a la tecnología educativa se la denominó Consumo de Alcohol entre Estudiantes Universitarios y está disponible en los formatos de manual impreso y de e-book. Presentó un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,62 en la primera fase y de 0,95 en la segunda. En relación al aspecto, obtuvo un Índice de Validez Semántica de 0,89. Consideraciones finales: el manual demostró ser válido para ser usado con estudiantes universitarios, y puede contribuir con intervenciones educativas en este ámbito en instituciones de enseñanza superior.

https://doi.org/10.5380/ce.v26i0.71208 34 downloads

Compounds isolated from Bixa orellana: evidence-based advances to treat infectious diseases
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Nascimento Moraes Neto, Roberval

; Guedes Coutinho, Gabrielle

; de Oliveira Rezende, Aline

; de Brito Pontes, Daniel

; Pinheiro Soares Ferreira, Rayana Larissa

; de Araújo Morais, Danilo

; Pontes Albuquerque, Rafaela

; Lima-Neto, Lídio Gonçalves

; Nascimento da Silva, Luís Cláudio

; Quintino da Rocha, Cláudia

; Machado Gonçalves, Letícia

; Macedo Santiago, Luís Ângelo

; Mondego-Oliveira, Renata

; Cardoso Carvalho, Rafael

; de Sousa, Eduardo Martins

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico - Farmacéuticas

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dec 2020, Volume 49 N. 3 Pages 581 - 601

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Bixa orellana L. es una planta nativa de Brasil, pero también está presente en otros países tropicales como Perú, Colombia, Ecuador, México, Indonesia, India y África Oriental. Es conocida popularmente como Urucum en Brasil. Esta revisión expone el potencial de los compuestos bioactivos derivados de B. orellana para tratar enfermedades debido a sus propiedades antimicrobianas y antioxidantes. Esta planta también está relacionada como un agente antiinflamatorio para el tratamiento de enfermedades pulmonares e incluso como gotas para los ojos para el enrojecimiento. Sus hojas se utilizan para el tratamiento de la mordedura de serpiente, diarrea, gonorrea, hepatitis, gastritis, diuréticos, antipiréticos y para enfermedades de la piel. Ese conocimiento popular ha fomentado la identificación de compuestos bioactivos en esa planta. Los compuestos β-criptoxantina, geranilgeraniol, luteína, procianidina B2, procianidina B3, isómero elagitanino y ácido elágico desoxihexosa inhibieron microorganismos patógenos como bacterias, hongos, protozoos y virus. En ese sentido, B. orellana es una fuente prometedora de compuestos que podrían aplicarse en la terapia antimicrobiana. Este trabajo de revisión puede ayudar a comprender e incentivar nuevas investigaciones para los descubrimientos de antimicrobianos que utilizan diferentes compuestos de B. orellana.

SUMMARY Bixa orellana L. is a native plant from Brazil, but it is also present in other tropical countries such as Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Indonesia, India and East Africa. It is popularly known as Urucum in Brazil. This review shows the potential of bioactive compounds derived from B. orellana to treat infectious diseases due their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This plant is also related as an antiinflammatory agent for treatment of pulmonary diseases, or even as eye drops for redness. Its leaves are used for treatment of snakebite, diarrhea, gonorrhea, hepatitis, gastritis, diuretic, antipyretic, and for skin disease. This popular knowledge has encouraged the identification of bioactive compounds in this plant. Compounds as β-cryptoxanthin, geranylgeraniol, lutein, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, ellagi tannin isomer and ellagic acid deoxyhexose have been described. These compounds inhibited pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoan and viruses. In addition, some compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were also described. In this sense, B. orellana is a promising source of compounds that could be applied in antimicrobial therapy. This review work may help in the understanding and incentive of new research for antimicrobial discoveries using different B. orellana compounds.

https://doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v49n3.91247 306 downloads

Food consumption of children enrolled in five municipal schools according to socio-demographics characteristics
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LINHARES, Angélica Ozorio

; CLEFF, Mariana Marins

; VIANA, Manuela Ferreira

; NEVES, Rafaela de Oliveira

; GIGANTE, Denise Petrucci

Revista de Nutrição

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2020, Volume 33 elocation e200123

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o consumo alimentar de crianças de cinco escolas municipais de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, e suas principais características. Métodos Estudo transversal, incluindo crianças de cinco escolas da rede municipal de educação infantil de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. As mães foram entrevistadas na escola, sendo que as perguntas sobre consumo alimentar habitual foram elaboradas a partir das orientações do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional. Os dados foram digitados no EpiData 3.1 e analisados no Stata 14.0. A frequência de consumo foi apresentada de acordo com cada categoria de exposição, e foram elaborados testes estatísticos baseados no qui-quadrado, sendo 5% o nível de significância e análise ajustada por meio de regressão de Poisson. Resultados Foram incluídas 548 crianças, dentre as quais o sexo feminino representou 51,1% e a média de idade foi de 48,3 meses. Crianças com até dois anos de idade são as que mais consomem frutas e legumes, e as com três e quatro anos são as que mais consomem doces. Os alimentos não saudáveis apresentaram elevada frequência de consumo, sendo o doce o mais consumido (58,8%), seguido do salgadinho de pacote (53,3%). Na análise ajustada, fazer refeições em frente às telas se manteve associado ao menor consumo de legumes. Conclusão Fazer as refeições em frente às telas diminui o consumo de legumes pelas crianças. Ao mesmo tempo, a idade da criança e a escolaridade materna parecem ter alguma influência no consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, indicando a necessidade de intervenções de educação nutricional.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe children food consumption in the five municipal schools in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and their main characteristics. Methods Cross-sectional study of children enrolled in five municipal schools. The mothers were interviewed at the school. The questionnaire about habitual food consumption was based on the guidelines of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The data were entered in EpiData 3.1 and reviewed in Stata 14.0. The consumption frequency was reported according to each exposure category. Statistical tests based on Chi-Square test with 5% significance level and adjusted analyses through Poisson regression were used. Results A total of 548 children were included. Females represented 51.1% of the total sample; the average age was 48.3 months. Children up to two years of age were those who consumed the most fruits and vegetables while sweets were mostly consumed by older children, aged between three and four years. Unhealthy foods had a high frequency of consumption, with sweet being the most consumed (58.8%), followed by packet snacks (53.3%). In the adjusted analysis, eating meals in front of the screens remained associated with lower consumption of vegetables. Conclusion Eating meals in front of the screens reduces children’s vegetables consumption. At the same time, the child’s age and maternal education seem to have some influence on the consumption of unhealthy foods, indicating the need for nutritional education interventions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202033e200123 655 downloads

Survey of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in wild red-tailed Amazon parrots (Amazona brasiliensis)
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Sato, Ana Paula

; Vaz, Frederico Fontanelli

; Konell, Aline Luiza

; Koch, Marilia de Oliveira

; Ferreira, Rafaela Furioso

; Sipinski, Elenise Angelotti Bastos

; Dittrich, Rosangela Locatelli

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volume 29 N. 1 elocation e017519

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Sarcocystis neurona são protozoários intracelulares do filo Apicomplexa. O papagaio-de-cara-roxa (Amazona brasiliensis) é um psitacídeo endêmico da floresta atlântica, considerado uma espécie quase ameaçada de extinção e bioindicadora por sua sensibilidade às mudanças no ambiente. O objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar a presença de anticorpos contra T. gondii, N. caninum e S. neurona em filhotes de papagaios-de-cara-roxa (Amazona brasiliensis) de vida livre na Ilha Rasa, Brasil. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 51 papagaios e armazenadas a - 20ºC até a realização da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). As lâminas de RIFI com os antígenos, foram preparadas com taquizoítos de T. gondii (cepa RH) e N. caninum (cepa NC-1) e com merozoítos de S. neurona (cepa SNR37). Os plasmas foram diluídos em PBS (Ph 7,2) nas diluições 1:16 para T. gondii, 1:50 para N. caninum e 1:5 para S. neurona. O conjugado anti-IgG de galinhas marcado com fluoresceína (FITC) foi utilizado na diluição de 1:50. Não foram detectados anticorpos para os três protozoários nas amostras sugerindo que os filhotes de papagaios-de-cara-roxa não foram expostos aos protozoários.

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona are obligate intracellular parasites within the phylum Apicomplexa. The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is a near-threatened species of psittacine that is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and has been designated as a bioindicator because of its sensitivity to environmental qualitative status and changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum and S. neurona in wild red-tailed Amazon parrot nestlings on Rasa Island, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 51 parrots and plasma samples were stored at – 20 °C until immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT) were performed. Antigen slides were prepared using tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH strain) and, N. caninum (NC-1 strain) and using merozoites of S. neurona (SNR37 strain). Plasma samples were tested at initial dilutions of 1:16 for T. gondii, 1:50 for N. caninum and 1:5 for S. neurona. An anti-chicken antibody conjugated with FITC was used as a secondary antibody at 1:50 dilution. No antibodies for any of these three protozoa were found, thus suggesting that these wild red-tailed Amazon parrot nestlings had not been exposed to these parasites.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612019107 851 downloads

10.

Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents: comparison of two versions of the Brazilian Ministry of Health scoring system
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Carvalho, Roberta Feijó

; Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada

; Velarde, Luis Guillermo Coca

; Rossoni, Andrea Maciel de Oliveira

; Aurilio, Rafaela Baroni

; Sias, Selma Maria de Azevedo

; Schmidt, Christiane Mello

; Moreira, Adriana da Silva Rezende

; Martins, Pedro da Silva

; Gonçalves, Lorrayne Isidoro

; Martire, Terezinha Miceli

; Barbosa, Ana Paula Ferreira

; Santos, Ana Paula Quintanilha dos

; Romanelli, Roberta Maia de Castro

; Oliveira, Maria das Graças Rodrigues de

; Diniz, Lilian Martins Oliveira

; Carvalho, Andrea Lucchesi de

; Lucena, Sheila Cunha

; Cruz, Maria Letícia Santos

; Saavedra, Mariza Curto

; Tahan, Tony Tannous

; Rodrigues, Cristina de Oliveira

; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu

; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto

; Cardoso, Claudete Aparecida Araújo

; Sant’Anna, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e81

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between two versions of the scoring system (2011 and 2019), recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children and adolescents. A retrospective descriptive study was performed to assess the medical records of children and adolescents with PTB, in TB units from Brazilian cities located in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Parana States, from January 1 st , 2004, to December 1 st , 2018. Patients aged 0 to 18 years old with a diagnosis of PTB were included. The comparison between the two scoring systems showed a moderate concordance according to the κ coefficient value = 0.625. Fourteen patients showed a reduction in the TB score, going from 30 points in the 2011, to 25 points or less in the 2019 one. Seventy one percent of these 14 patients had radiological changes suggestive of PTB and 86% had tuberculin skin tests greater than 10 mm. The study concluded that a moderate agreement was observed between the 2011 and 2019 scoring systems, with an increase in the number of patients scoring 25 points or less in 2019, which can eventually hinder the diagnosis of PTB.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062081 664 downloads

11.

Exercise in Pregnancy: The Impact of an Intervention Program in the Duration of Labor and Mode of Delivery
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Ferreira, Cátia Liliana Martins

; Guerra, Cláudia Maria Lopes

; Silva, Ana Isabel Teixeira Jesus

; Rosário, Helena Rafaela Vieira do

; Pereira, Maria Beatriz Ferreira Leite de Oliveira

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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feb 2019, Volume 41 N. 2 Pages 68 - 75

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito de um programa de exercícios na gravidez (baseado nas recomendações do American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) na via, duração e início do trabalho de parto. Métodos Estudo realizado no Hospital Senhora da Oliveira entre outubro de 2015 e fevereiro de 2017. Trata-se de um estudo quasi-experimental com 255 grávidas, divididas em dois grupos: grupo de intervenção, constituído por mulheres que participaram de um programa controlado e supervisionado de exercícios físicos (n = 99), e um grupo de controle, formado por grávidas que não participaram do programa de exercícios (n = 156). Os dados foram colhidos em dois momentos: durante o rastreio bioquímico do primeiro trimestre (antes do início do programa), através de um questionário escrito, e após o parto, através da consulta do processo clínico da paciente. O nível de significância estatística adotado neste projeto foi de 5% (p = 0,05). Resultados O grupo controle apresentou maior probabilidade de indução do trabalho de parto (razão de chances [RC] 2,71; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 1,42-5,17; p = 0,003) quando comparado com o grupo de intervenção. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os dois grupos em relação à via de parto, tempo até início da fase ativa, duração da fase ativa e duração do segundo estadio do trabalho de parto. Conclusão A implementação de um programa de exercícios controlado e supervisionado na gravidez foi associada a uma probabilidade significativamente menor de indução do trabalho de parto.

Abstract Objective To access the benefits or harms of an exercise program, based on the current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines, on the mode of delivery, duration and onset of labor. Methods A study performed at the Hospital Senhora da Oliveira between October 2015 and February 2017. This was a quasi-experimental study involving 255 women divided into two groups: an intervention group engaged in a controlled and supervised exercise program during pregnancy (n = 99), and a control group that did not participate in the exercise program (n = 156). Data were collected in two stages: during the 1st trimester biochemical screening (before the beginning of the program), through a written questionnaire, and after delivery, from the medical files of the patients. The significance level in the present study was 5% (p = 0.05). Results The control group had higher odds of induced labor (odds ratio [OR] 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-5.17; p = 0.003), when compared with women who underwent the intervention. No differences were found between the groups in instrumental vaginal deliveries, cesarean rate, time until the beginning of the active phase, duration of the active phase, and duration of the second stage of labor. Conclusion The implementation of a controlled and supervised exercise program in pregnancy was associated with significantly lower odds of induced deliveries.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675613 1824 downloads

12.

Perfil dos potenciais doadores de órgãos e fatores relacionados à doação e a não doação de órgãos de uma Organização de Procura de Órgãos.
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Bertasi, Raphael Adroaldo de Oliveira

; Bertasi, Tais Garcia de Oliveira

; Reigada, Catherine Puliti Hermida

; Ricetto, Eduardo

; Bonfim, Klenio de Oliveira

; Santos, Luciana Aparecida

; Athayde, Maria Valéria de Omena

; Pedrosa, Rafaela Batista dos Santos

; Perales, Simone Reges

; Sardinha, Luiz Antonio da Costa

; Ataide, Elaine Cristina

; Boin, Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira

; Hirano, Elcio Shiyoiti

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

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2019, Volume 46 N. 3 elocation e20192180

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil dos potenciais e dos efetivos doadores de órgãos, e identificar os fatores relacionados a não efetivação da doação. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo transversal com coleta de dados das fichas da Organização de Procura de Órgãos do Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp, referente ao período de janeiro de 2013 a abril de 2018. Resultados: o estudo contou com 1.772 potenciais doadores; predominou-se o sexo masculino (57,39%) e o evento vascular (n=996) foi a principal causa de morte encefálica. A recusa familiar (42,8%) foi o motivo mais comum para não doação de órgãos. Houve diferença estatística entre doadores e não doadores quanto à média de idade e pressão arterial sistólica, assim como houve relação entre a doação de órgãos e a ausência de diabetes e tabagismo. Conclusão: a maioria dos doadores efetivos foi do sexo masculino e jovem. As principais causas de morte encefálica e de recusa familiar foram, respectivamente, vasculares e não manifestação da vontade de ser doador após a morte. O etilismo foi mais presente nas causas traumáticas, assim como, o sexo masculino. Assim, iniciativas de conscientização populacional e abertura de discussão dentro da família sobre o ato da doação contribuem para o aumento do índice de doadores efetivos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the profile of potential and effective organ donors, and to identify the factors related to non-donation. Methods: the data was collected from the Organization of Organ Donation forms during the period of January 2013 to April 2018. The statistical analysis was done by the Biostatistic Service of the School of Medical Sciences of UNICAMP. Results: the study analyzed 1,772 potential donors; the male gender was predominant (57.39%). Vascular injuries (n=996) were the main cause of brain death. The family refusal (42.8%) was the leading cause of non-donation of organs. There was statistical difference between donors and non-donors in regard to the mean age and mean systolic blood pressure. There was also a relationship between the donation of organs and the absence of diabetes and smoking. Conclusion: the majority of effective organ donors were young males. The main causes of brain death (BD) and family refusal of organ donation were cerebrovascular disorder and no desire to donate organs after death, respectively. Alcoholics and males were more frequently found in traumatic causes of BD. Therefore, initiatives for population awareness and discussion among the families regarding organ donation can lead to increase the number of effective organ donors.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-6991e-201922180 4352 downloads

13.

Efeito da estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem e insulina tópica em lesão cutânea experimental
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Ferreira, Rafaela

; Guirro, Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira

; Silva, Carlos Alberto da

; Polacow, Maria Luiza Ozores

Fisioterapia e Pesquisa

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dec 2016, Volume 23 N. 4 Pages 352 - 357

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem (EEAV) catódica, associada à insulina tópica, em lesão tegumentar de ratos. Para isso, foram utilizados 42 ratos Wistar (240±30 g), submetidos a retirada cirúrgica de 1 cm2 de pele do dorso em seis grupos (n=7), tratados por sete dias consecutivos: controle (C), estimulação elétrica placebo (EP), estimulação elétrica catódica (EE), insulina tópica (IT), insulina placebo (IP) e EEAV associada a insulina tópica (EE+I). A EEAV foi administrada 24 horas após a cirurgia, 30 minutos por dia, com frequência de 100 Hz e voltagem média de 60 V, mantida no limiar motor. Áreas das lesões foram registradas macroscopicamente no primeiro, quarto e oitavo dia, sendo submetidas a tratamento histológico para inclusão em paraplast® e coloração em hematoxilina e eosina. A epitelização e o perfil numérico das células foram obtidos por análises histométricas. Utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e ANOVA one-way seguida de Bonferrone (p<0,05). Observou-se redução significativa na área da lesão no oitavo dia de tratamento, nos grupos EE e EE+I em relação aos demais grupos. A reepitelização não diferiu entre os grupos, mas a distância entre as bordas da lesão foi menor nos grupos EE e EE+I. Nesses grupos houve aumento significativo (p<0,05) no número de fibroblastos e diminuição de leucócitos. Pode-se concluir que a EEAV catódica acelerou o processo de reparação da lesão, não demonstrando efeito adicional com a aplicação da insulina tópica.

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the effect of cathodic high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES), associated with topical insulin, on rat integumentary lesions. For this purpose, 42 Wistar rats (240±30 g) were submitted to surgical removal of 1 cm2 of dorsal skin and divided into six groups (n=7), treated for seven consecutive days: Control (C), placebo electrical stimulation (PES), cathodic electrical stimulation (ES), topical insulin (TI), placebo insulin (PI) and HVES associated with topical insulin (ES+I). HVES was administered 24 hours after surgery, 30 minutes per day, with a frequency of 100 Hz and a mean voltage of 60 V, maintained at the motor threshold. Lesion areas were recorded macroscopically on the first, fourth and eighth day, submitted to histological treatment for inclusion in paraplast® and staining in Hematoxylin and Eosin. Epithelialization and the numerical profile of the cells were obtained by histometric analysis. The Shapiro-Wilk and Anova one-way test was followed by the Bonferroni (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in the area of the lesion by the eighth day of treatment, both in the ES and ES+I groups, when compared with other groups. Reepithelialization did not differ between groups, but the distance between the edges of the lesion was lower in the ES and ES+I groups. These same groups showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of fibroblasts and a decrease in leukocytes. Thus, we can conclude that cathodic HVES accelerated the lesion repair process, with the topical application of insulin showing no additional effect.

RESUMEN El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el resultado de la estimulación eléctrica por alta voltaje (EEAV) catódica, asociada a la insulina tópica, en lesión cutánea de ratas. Para ello, se utilizaron 42 ratas Wistar (240±30 g), les sometieron a cirugía de retirada de 1 cm2 de piel del dorso en 6 grupos (n=7), y les trataron por siete días consecutivos: control (C), estimulación eléctrica placebo (EP), estimulación eléctrica catódica (EE), insulina tópica (IT), insulina placebo (IP) y EEAV asociada a la insulina tópica (EE+I). Se aplicó la EEAV 24 horas después de la cirugía, 30 minutos por día, con frecuencia de 100 Hz y voltaje de media tensión de 60 V, y la mantuvo en el umbral motor. Se registraron las áreas de las lesiones macroscópicamente en el primer, cuarto y octavo día, y las sometieron al tratamiento histológico para inclusión en paraplast® y tinción hematoxilina-eosina. Se obtuvo la epitelización y el perfil numérico de las células por análisis histométricos. Se empleó la prueba Shapiro-Wilk y ANOVA one way de Bonferroni (p<0,05). Se redujo significativamente el área de la lesión en el octavo día del tratamiento en los grupos EE y EE+I comparados a los demás grupos. La reepitalización no fue distinta entre los grupos, sin embargo, la distancia entre los bordes de la lesión fue menor en los grupos EE y EE+I. También en estos grupos aumentó significativamente (p<0,05) el número de fibroblastos y disminuyeron los leucocitos. Se concluye que la EEAV catódica aceleró el proceso de reparación de la lesión, pero no ocurrió resultado con la aplicación de la insulina tópica.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/15311923042016 1878 downloads

14.

Avaliação da reologia, da RAA e das propriedades de argamassas no estado fresco utilizando cinza de eucalipto como substituição parcial ao cimento Portland
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França, Débhora Flávia Soto

; Rey, Rafaela Oliveira

; Ferreira, Luciano Renato Conceição

; Ribeiro, Daniel Veras

Ambiente Construído

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sep 2016, Volume 16 N. 3 Pages 153 - 166

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo De acordo com o Balanço Energético Nacional (ano-base 2013), o consumo nacional de lenha foi de 79,29 milhões de toneladas. Estima-se uma geração de cinza na ordem de 3% durante esse processo, o que ocasiona problemas de armazenamento e de descarte. Sendo assim, a potencial transformação desses resíduos em matéria-prima para elementos construtivos apresenta-se como uma oportunidade para a preservação do meio ambiente e para a redução do custo de materiais da construção civil. O presente trabalho objetiva, portanto, avaliar a viabilidade desse reaproveitamento por meio da análise das propriedades das argamassas no estado fresco, incluindo a reologia, além da reatividade potencial (RAA), utilizando cinza proveniente da queima de cavacos de eucalipto com teores de 10%, 20% e 30% de substituição, em massa, ao cimento Portland. Através dos ensaios realizados verificou-se que a utilização da cinza de eucalipto como substituição parcial ao cimento não altera significativamente as propriedades de argamassas no estado fresco e não apresenta reatividade significativa, apresentando-se como uma alternativa de uso tecnicamente viável.

Abstract According to the National Energy Balance (base year 2013), the national wood consumption was 79.29 million tons. It is estimated an ash generation in the order of 3% during this process, causing storage and disposal problems. Thus, the potential transformation of such waste into a source of raw material for construction elements is presented as an opportunity for the preservation of the environment and to reduce the cost of construction materials. The paper aims, therefore, to evaluate the feasibility of this reuse, through analyses of the properties of mortars in the fresh state, including rheology, using eucalyptus ash levels with 10%, 20% and 30% replacement, in weight, to Portland cement. Through the performed experiments it was found that the use of eucalyptus ash as partial replacement of cement does not significantly alter the properties of fresh mortars, presenting itself as a possible alternative.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212016000300098 2555 downloads

15.

Social and immunological differences among uninfected Brazilians exposed or unexposed to human immunodeficiency virus-infected partners
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Silva, Maria Luiza

; Melo, Victor Hugo

; Aleixo, Agdemir Waléria

; Aleixo, Lúcia Fernandes

; Pascoal-Xavier, Marcelo Antônio

; Silva, Rafaela Oliveira

; Ferreira, Laís Alves

; Domingos, Willian Cunha

; Greco, Dirceu Bartolomeu

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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sep 2014, Volume 109 N. 6 Pages 775 - 781

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Understanding the social conditions and immunological characteristics that allow some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed patients to remain uninfected represents an on-going challenge. In this study, the socio-demographic and sexual behaviour characteristics and immune activation profiles of uninfected individuals exposed to HIV-infected partners were investigated. A confidential and detailed questionnaire was administered and venous blood was tested using HIV-1/enzyme immunoassays, plasma HIV-1 RNA levels/bDNA and immunophenotyping/flow cytometry to determine the frequencies of CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing activation markers. The data analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for immune parameters in individuals who were uninfected, albeit exposed to HIV-infected partners, compared with unexposed individuals. In particular, the exposed, uninfected individuals had a higher frequency (median, minimum-maximum) of CD4+HLA-DR+ (4.2, 1.8-6.1), CD8+HLA-DR+ (4.6, 0.9-13.7), CD4+CD45RO+ (27.5, 14.2-46.6), CD4+CD45RO+CD62L+ (46.7, 33.9-67.1), CD8+CD45RA+HLA-DR+ (12.1, 3.4-35.8) and CD8+CD45RO+HLA-DR+ (9.0, 3.2-14.8) cells, a decreased percentage of CD8+CD28+ cells (11.7, 4.5-24.0) and a lower cell-surface expression of Fcγ-R/CD16 on monocytes (56.5, 22.0-130.0). The plasma HIV-1 RNA levels demonstrated detectable RNA virus loads in 57% of the HIV-1+ female partners. These findings demonstrate an activation profile in both CD4 and CD8 peripheral T cells from HIV-1 exposed seronegative individuals of serodiscordant couples from a referral centre in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276140140 1706 downloads

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