Abstract Introduction The exposure of medical students to a full-time schedule that includes classes, extracurricular activities, patients’ lives responsibility, and great competition between classmates can interfere in emotional issues and in the sleep time. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sleep quality, and the incidence of anxiety and depression in medical school undergraduates as well as the relationship of these parameters with the intense use of technologies. Methods Fifty-five medical school undergraduates in their second year participated in the present study, answering questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index - PSQI), night-time use of technology (sleep time-related information and communication technology - STRICT), and signs of anxiety or depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale - HADS). Results The results showed 31 students (56.4%) with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Based on the STRICT questionnaire, 36 (65.4%) of the participants referred to making use of technology at night-time; and 34 (61.8%) students had compatible anxiety score, while 14 (25.4%) had a compatible score for depression on the HADS questionnaire. There has been a correlation between poor sleep quality, the abuse of technologies before sleep time, and the presence of anxiety or depression. Conclusion The abuse of technology before sleep time reduced the sleep quality in the studied population, besides increasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

RESUMO As plantas daninhas são um dos fatores ecológicos que afetam diretamente no custo da produção agrícola. Assim, compreender os aspectos de emergência e desenvolvimento dessas espécies é essencial na tomada de decisão para estratégias de seu manejo. Objetivouse avaliar, em condições de campo, o efeito de diferentes profundidades de semeadura e de diversas intensidades luminosas na emergência e no desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze e Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell. Cada espécie constituiu um experimento e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 6 x 4, seis profundidades de semeadura (0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0; 8,0 e 12,0 cm) associadas a quatro intensidades luminosas (100%, 70%, 50% e 30% da luz solar) obtidas por meio de sombrites. Avaliou-se diariamente a emergência das plântulas para obtenção da emergência e do índice de velocidade de emergência. A altura/comprimento das plantas, o tempo até a indução floral e a matéria seca das plantas no florescimento também foram avaliadas. As plantas de A. australe e I. grandifolia emergem sob intensidades luminosas de 100, 70, 50 e 30% de radiação solar e, em semeaduras de até 12,0 cm de profundidade. No entanto, a espécie A. australe é a única afetada pela intensidade luminosa, profundidade de semeadura e pela interação destes dois fatores em todas as avaliações realizadas. A redução das intensidades luminosas acarreta menor desenvolvimento de plantas de I. grandifolia.

ABSTRACT Weeds are one of the ecological factors that directly affect agricultural costs. Thus, understanding the emergence and development of these species is essential for the decision-making on weed control strategies. This study aims to evaluate the effect of different sowing depths and luminous intensities under field conditions on the emergence and development of the Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell. Each species constituted one experiment, and the completely randomized design with four repetitions was adopted. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial scheme, with six sowing depths (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0; 8.0; and 12.0 cm) associated with four luminous intensities (100%, 70%, 50%, and 30% sunlight) obtained using shade cloths. The emergence of seedlings was evaluated daily to obtain the emergence and the emergence speed index. Plant height(length), the period until flower induction, and the dry matter of plants during flowering were also analyzed. A. australe and I. grandifolia emerge under the luminous intensities of 100, 70, 50, and 30% of solar radiation and in sowings depths up to 12.0 cm. Nevertheless, A. australe is the only one affected by luminous intensity, sowing depth, and the interaction between both factors in all the analyzes conducted. Luminous intensity reduction leads to lower development of I. grandifolia.

ABSTRACT This prospective study describes the use of Gene-Xpert Ultra for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children and adolescents, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Eighteen patients were studied; the final diagnosis of EPTB was established in 13 (72%). Gene-Xpert Ultra results showed detection in 10/13 (77%) of EPTB cases (7 of these 10 with trace-positive results). Gene-Xpert Ultra proved to be a promising method for the diagnosis of childhood EPTB.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever as formas clínicas e o tempo de diagnóstico de novos casos de tuberculose e analisar estatisticamente as formas isoladas e combinadas da doença em crianças e adolescentes atendidos em um hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Este estudo transversal utilizou dados retrospectivos de crianças (0-9 anos) e adolescentes (10-18 anos) com tuberculose pulmonar (TBP), extrapulmonar (TBEP) e combinada (TBP + TBEP) acompanhados no ambulatório de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2021. Os dados categóricos foram analisados por estatística descritiva e expressos em frequência e proporções. As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas pelo teste Qui-quadrado e as variáveis numéricas pelo teste T de Student. Resultados: Foram incluídos 51 casos, sendo 63% (32/51) pacientes no ano da pandemia (grupo A) e 37% (19/51) pacientes atendidos em anos anteriores (grupo B). No grupo A, 19% (6/32) dos pacientes apresentavam TBP, 59% (16/32) TBEP e 31% (10/32) TBP+TBEP. No grupo B, 42% (8/19) dos pacientes apresentavam TBP, 42% (8/19) TBEP e 16% (3/19) TBP+TBEP. Conclusão: Nosso estudo evidenciou mais casos de tuberculose no primeiro ano da pandemia do que no mesmo período do ano anterior, com maior variação de locais acometidos pela doença, incluindo formas mais raras e mais graves.

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study aimed to describe the clinical forms and the time taken to diagnose new tuberculosis cases and to statistically analyze the isolated and combined forms of the disease in children and adolescents treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that used retrospective data on children (0-9 years old) and adolescents (10-18 years old) with pulmonary (PTB), extrapulmonary (EPTB), and combined tuberculosis (PTB + EPTB) followed up at the outpatient clinic from January 2019 to March 2021. Categorical data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and expressed as frequency and proportions. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test, and numerical variables using Student’s T-test. Results: A total of 51 cases were included, 63% (32/51) of which comprised patients in the year of the pandemic (group A), while 37% (19/51) were patients attended in previous years (group B). In group A, 19% (6/32) of the patients presented PTB, 59% (16/32) had EPTB, and 31% (10/32) had PTB+EPTB. In group B, 42% (8/19) of the patients presented PTB, 42% (8/19) had EPTB, and 16% (3/19) had PTB+EPTB. Conclusion: Our study revealed more tuberculosis cases in the first year of the pandemic than in the same period of the previous year, with greater variation of sites affected by the disease, including rarer and more severe forms.

Abstract Background: Weeds are one of the ecological factors that affect the agricultural economy permanently. Thus, understanding the weed emergence and development is essential in decision making for management strategies. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different sowing depths and light intensities on the emergence and development of the weed species Euphorbia heterophylla and Desmodium tortuosum under field conditions. Methods: Each species consisted of an experiment carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme, with six sowing depths (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 12.0 cm) associated with four light intensities (100, 70, 50, and 30% of the solar light intensity) obtained with shading screens. Seedling emergence capacity was evaluated daily to obtain the percentage of emergence and the emergence rate index (ERI). Plant height, time to floral induction, plant dry matter during flowering were also evaluated. Results: Seedlings of E. heterophylla emerged under all solar radiation conditions and sowing up to 12.0 cm deep, while seedlings of D. tortuosum showed no emergence only at 12.0 cm deep with light intensities below 70%. The 100% solar radiation condition provided higher total and daily dry matter accumulation in E. heterophylla plants, while D. tortuosum plants showed higher values for both variables under 70 and 50% incidence of solar radiation. Conclusions: The full sunlight condition provided the best development of E. heterophylla plants. Different levels of lightness and sowing depths interfere the emergence and the development of D. tortuosum plants.

Resumo Conflitos socioambientais resultam de pressões antrópicas sobre o meio ambiente e refletem questões sociais e políticas, principalmente onde o poder público não ascende com soluções para atender às necessidades dos cidadãos. Embora exista relevante literatura científica brasileira, nesta priorizam-se estudos de “diagnósticos”, com lacuna de estudos direcionados à mediação por meio de modelos adaptados a embates, atores envolvidos e danos ambientais. Assim, apresenta-se uma análise sobre formas de mediação de conflitos, em São Mateus do Sul-PR, cidade que abriga uma indústria de mineração de xisto. Divergências a partir de reclamações dos moradores sobre problemas respiratórios levaram à proposição de uma ação judicial pelo Ministério Público do Paraná. Foi utilizado o Modelo Diagnóstico de Rondeau (1996), com intuito de analisar potenciais formas para explicar e, então, mediar o conflito, em alternativa à judicialização. Dados primários foram obtidos pela análise de conteúdo de Ações Civis Públicas protocoladas no Poder Judiciário/PR. Devido ao fato de os tribunais estarem repletos de casos da área ambiental sem solução, verifica-se a importância do estudo à proposição de abordagens de negociação para embates socioambientais, por meio de modelos teóricos com soluções em curto espaço de tempo.

Abstract Socio-environmental conflicts are issues result from anthropic pressure on the environment that reflect social and politics aspects, mostly where the public power does not provide solutions for the necessity of local citizens. In Brazil, there are relevant scientific works related to the theme. Most articles present a diagnostic regarding the conflict. There is a gap on studies based on theorical approaches that consider a specific case and the people involved in it. Accordingly, this paper takes into account São Mateus do Sul - PR, a city that hosts a shale mining plant. Disagreements from the citizen that claims on respiratory diseases resulted to a lawsuit by the Public Ministry of Paraná. The conflict was analyzed by Dynamic Analysis Rondeau Model (1996), to indicate other solutions, besides judicialization of conflicts. Primary data were obtained through the analysis of the content of public civil actions filed at Judiciary/PR. Take into account the challenge of the theme and the fact that the courts are filled of unsolved socio-environmental conflicts, this article brings an important issue: the evaluate of conflicts based on theorical approaches that might result in decision-makers in a short time.

Unforeseen Plasmodium infections in the Atlantic Forest of Brazilian Extra-Amazonian region could jeopardise malaria elimination. A human malaria case was registered in Três Forquilhas, in the Atlantic Forest biome of Rio Grande do Sul, after a 45 years’ time-lapsed without any malaria autochthonous notification in this southern Brazilian state. This finding represents the expansion of the malaria distribution areas in Brazil and the southernmost human malaria case record in South America in this decade. The coexistence of the bromeliad-breeding vector Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii and non-human primates in the Atlantic Forest regularly visited by the patient claimed for the zoonotic origin of this infection. The reemergence of Atlantic Forest human malaria in Rio Grande do Sul was also discussed.

Resumo O setor da construção civil vem sendo instigado a diminuir o déficit habitacional nas classes de baixa renda. O emprego de sistemas construtivos industrializados é uma alternativa para esse fim e para aplicação da customização em massa. No entanto, a possibilidade de conferir customização pode acarretar impactos negativos na produção. A modularidade do produto é uma abordagem para a customização em massa. A partir da concepção de módulos, é possível adotar combinações e produzir uma gama de produtos. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor diretrizes de projeto para reduzir perdas na produção de painéis pré-fabricados em sistemasde construção a seco, com foco na simplificação da produção de habitações de interesse social customizadas. A abordagem metodológica adotada foi apesquisa construtiva e o referencial teórico envolveu conceitos de arquitetura e modularidade do produto. A partir dos resultados, foram propostas diretrizes de projeto baseadas nos princípios de modularidade do produto. O impacto das diretrizes na produçãodos painéis foi avaliado mediante coleta de dados em fábrica. A modularidade do produto mostrou-se uma estratégia eficiente para padronização dos componentes e simplificação do processo de fabricação dos painéis.

Abstract Managers in the construction sector are being urged to reduce the housing deficit in the low-income segment. The use of industrialised building systems is an alternative for achieving this aim and for the implementation of mass customization. However, the possibility of conferring some degree of customisation in housing may have negative impacts on production. Product modularity is a mass customisation approach, by designing modules that can be combined to provide product variety. The aim of this paper is to propose design guidelines to reduce waste in the production of prefabricated wall panels in dry construction systems, focusing on simplifying the production of customised social housing. The methodological approach adopted was design science research. The research started with a literature review to understand the concepts of Product Architecture and Modularity. Based on the results, we proposed design guidelines applying the principles of product modularity. The effect of the guidelines on the production process of the panels was evaluated through data collection at the factory. The adoption of product modularity in house-building design proved to be an efficient approach for the standardisation of components and for simplifying the mass production process of the wall panels.