Resumo Introdução: A disseção aórtica aguda tipo B (DAAB) é uma síndrome aórtica aguda que apresenta elevada taxa de mortalidade. Atualmente, na fase aguda, preconiza-se o tratamento médico nos casos de DAAB não complicada, ficando a cirurgia reservada para os casos de DAAB complicada (rutura, síndrome de malperfusão, dor/hipertensão refratária, expansão rápida ou progressão proximal/distal). A cirurgia endovascular, por apresentar taxas de morbi-mortalidade francamente inferiores à cirurgia aberta, está recomendada sempre que possível. Caso clínico: Apresentamos um caso de DAAB complicada de falso aneurisma, rotura e malperfusão visceral, submetida de urgência a tratamento endovascular (TEVAR + PETTICOAT) e drenagem torácica. O pós-operatório foi complicado de AVC isquémico do hemisfério direito, com recuperação quase completa dos défices durante o internamento. A angio-TC de controlo, aos 2 meses, mostrou exclusão do falso aneurisma, expansão do verdadeiro lúmen (com adequada perfusão das artérias viscerais) e trombose parcial do falso lúmen (exceto em focos de preenchimento retrógrado à custa de artérias lombares e intercostais).

Resumo Introdução: A disseção aórtica aguda tipo B (DAAB) é uma síndrome aórtica aguda que apresenta elevada taxa de mortalidade. Atualmente, na fase aguda, preconiza-se o tratamento médico nos casos de DAAB não complicada, ficando a cirurgia reservada para os casos de DAAB complicada (rutura, síndrome de malperfusão, dor/hipertensão refratária, expansão rápida ou progressão proximal/distal). A cirurgia endovascular, por apresentar taxas de morbi-mortalidade francamente inferiores à cirurgia aberta, está recomendada sempre que possível. Caso clínico: Apresentamos um caso de DAAB complicada de falso aneurisma, rotura e malperfusão visceral, submetida de urgência a tratamento endovascular (TEVAR + PETTICOAT) e drenagem torácica. O pós-operatório foi complicado de AVC isquémico do hemisfério direito, com recuperação quase completa dos défices durante o internamento. A angio-TC de controlo, aos 2 meses, mostrou exclusão do falso aneurisma, expansão do verdadeiro lúmen (com adequada perfusão das artérias viscerais) e trombose parcial do falso lúmen (exceto em focos de preenchimento retrógrado à custa de artérias lombares e intercostais).

Abstract Introduction: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not seem to be at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2, but there is a concern whether immunosuppressive therapy may be associated with more severe disease. Several clinical practice recommendations have been published to help guide IBD care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, few studies have addressed patients’ perspectives and fears. We aimed to evaluate Portuguese IBD patients’ perspectives on the clinical management of their disease during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as well as the impact on their professional life. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was created using REDCap and was distributed by the Portuguese Association of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (APDI) between May and August 2020. Patients’ perspectives on immunosuppressive therapy, disease management, interaction with gastroenterology departments, and the impact of the pandemic in their professional life were assessed. Patients’ proposals to improve medical care were also evaluated. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: A total of 137 participants answered the survey (79.6% females, mean age 41.7 ± 12.1 years). Although having IBD and receiving treatment with immunosuppressors (thiopurines, steroids, or biologics) were considered promotors of anxiety, most patients (85.4%) agreed that disease remission was a priority and only a minority of patients interrupted their treatment during the pandemic. In multivariate analysis, active disease, biologic treatment, and use of corticosteroids in the last 3 months were perceived by the patients as high-risk features for increased risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection and more severe disease. Fifty-nine patients (44%) believed that their follow-up was influenced by the pandemic and only 58.8% felt that they had the opportunity to discuss their therapeutic options with their doctor. Sixty-three patients (46.0%) were working from home during the pandemic, although this decision was related to IBD and immunosuppressive therapy in only 36.5 and 39.7% of the cases, respectively. Areas where care could have been improved during the pandemic were identified by patients, namely enhancement of the communication with IBD professionals, conciliation of telemedicine with face-to-face appointments, and facilitation of the interaction between patients and employers. Conclusion: Most patients agreed that maintaining IBD remission is crucial, and only a minority of the patients stopped their treatment as per their own initiative. IBD status only had a small influence on patients’ professional activity during the COVID-19 outbreak, with most changes being related to the pandemic itself.

Resumo Introdução: Os doentes com doença inflamatória do intestino (DII) não parecem ter um risco aumentado de infeção por SARS-CoV-2, mas existe receio de que a terapêutica imunossupressora possa estar associada a doença mais grave. Durante a pandemia COVID-19 foram publicadas recomendações clínicas para ajudar no seu tratamento, mas poucos estudos avaliaram as perspetivas e receios dos doentes. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as perspetivas dos doentes portugueses com DII relativamente à gestão da sua doença durante a pandemia e enfatizar a influência da COVID-19 na sua vida laboral. Métodos: Um inquérito anónimo eletrónico foi desenvolvido através do REDCap e divulgado pela Associação Portuguesa da Doença Inflamatória do Intestino (APDI) entre maio e agosto de 2020. Foram analisados dados relativos às perspetivas dos doentes sobre a terapêutica imunossupressora, gestão da doença, interação com os serviços de gastrenterologia e impacto da pandemia na vida laboral. As propostas dos doentes para melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados de saúde também foram avaliadas. Foi realizada uma análise estatística descritiva e regressão logística para avaliar fatores preditores. Resultados: Um total de 137 doentes responderam ao inquérito (79.6% do sexo feminino, com idade média de 41.7 ± 12.1 anos). Apesar de a DII e imunossupressão serem considerados fatores promotores de ansiedade, a maioria dos doentes (85.4%) concordou que a manutenção da remissão da doença é uma prioridade e apenas seis doentes interromperam a terapêutica durante a pandemia. Na análise multivariada, a presença de doença ativa, terapêutica com biológico e uso de corticoides nos últimos três meses foram considerados pelos doentes fatores preditores para um maior risco de infeção e maior gravidade da doença. Cinquenta e nove doentes (44%) consideraram que o seu seguimento clínico foi influenciado pela pandemia e apenas 58.8% considerou que teve a oportunidade de discutir as opções terapêuticas com o seu médico. Sessenta e três doentes (46%) estiveram em teletrabalho durante a pandemia, apesar de esta decisão ter estado relacionada com a DII e com a imunossupressão em apenas 36.5% e 39.7% dos casos, respetivamente. Foram identificadas áreas onde os cuidados prestados podem ser melhorados, incluindo, melhoria da comunicação com os especialistas de DII, conciliação da telemedicina com a medicina presencial e facilitação da interação entre doentes e empregadores. Conclusão: A maioria dos doentes concordou que a manutenção da remissão clínica é essencial e apenas uma minoria suspendeu a medicação por iniciativa própria. O estado da doença apenas teve uma pequena influência nas alterações laborais dos doentes com DII, tendo a maioria das decisões ocorrido como consequência direta da pandemia.

Abstract Cystic lymphangioma (CL) is a rare benign tumor, which occurs typically during childhood, with craniofacial, cervical or axillary being the most common locations. Lymphangiomas management can be challenging due to their permeative growth throughout tissue layers. Sirolimus is an immunosuppressive and antitumor agent that can inhibit abnormal vascular proliferation by blocking the mTOR/PI3K pathway. It is typically well-tolerated, with nausea, cytopenias, and metabolic imbalances as the most significant adverse effects. We present the case of a pediatric patient in which sirolimus was used to treat a macrocytic lymphangioma, highlighting its effectiveness and safety. CL (CL tumor childhood craniofacial locations layers mTORPI3K mTORPIK mTOR PI3K PI K pathway welltolerated, welltolerated well tolerated, tolerated well-tolerated nausea cytopenias effects safety mTORPI PIK

Resumo Os Linfangiomas Quísticos são tumores benignos raros, que ocorrem tipicamente na infância e se localizam mais frequentemente nas regiões craniofacial, cervical ou axilar. Dada a sua natureza infiltrativa em todas as camadas de tecido, o tratamento dos linfangiomas torna-se desafiante. O Sirolimus é um agente imunossupressor e antitumoral que inibe a proliferação vascular anormal ao bloquear a via de sinalização mTOR/PI3K. Geralmente é bem tolerado, tendo como efeitos adversos mais significativos náusea, citopenias e desequilíbrios metabólicos. Descrevemos o caso de uma criança em que foi usado sirolimus no tratamento de um linfangioma macroquístico, demonstranto a sua eficácia e segurança. raros craniofacial axilar tecido tornase torna desafiante mTORPI3K mTORPIK mTOR PI3K PI K mTOR/PI3K tolerado náusea metabólicos macroquístico segurança mTORPI PIK

Resumo O modelo em cascata é uma estrutura comumente utilizada para avaliar a provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos, destacando seus benefícios para a sociedade e atribuindo valores não monetários e monetários a esses serviços. Adaptando este modelo, apresentamos uma metodologia para estabelecer os indicadores mais adequados para monitorar programas de Pagamento por Serviços Ecossistêmicos (PSA) hídricos no Brasil. Por meio de um processo participativo, um conjunto de indicadores para as funções ecossistêmicas foi atribuído a cada serviço ecossistêmico (SE) considerado no estudo. Em seguida, os indicadores foram classificados segundo os seguintes critérios: clareza, viabilidade, sensibilidade e relevância. Os resultados demonstraram que os critérios clareza e relevância foram os que os especialistas consideraram como os mais importantes para escolher um indicador. No geral, podemos observar que para todos os SE avaliados, os indicadores de maior pontuação foram aqueles analíticos e bem estabelecidos pela literatura. A lista de indicadores pode apoiar o monitoramento de PSA na Floresta Atlântica. Além disso, a metodologia desenvolvida pode ser facilmente aplicada em outras áreas e fornecer suporte para a definição dos indicadores mais adequados para monitorar o PSA baseado em água em diferentes contextos nos trópicos.

Abstract The cascade model is a commonly applied framework to evaluate ecosystem services provision, highlighting their benefits to society and assigning non-monetary and monetary values to these services. Adapting this model, we present a methodology to establish the most suitable indicators for monitoring Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs related to water resources in Brazil. Through a participatory process, a set of ecosystem functions indicators were assigned for each ecosystem service (ES) considered in the study. The indicators were then classified following these criteria: clarity, viability, sensitivity, and relevance. The indicators were organized by their final score according to each evaluated criterion. The results demonstrated that “clarity” and “relevance” criteria were those most important for the experts to choose an indicator. In general, we could also observe a preference for analytical and well-established indicators in the literature for all ES evaluated. The indicators list presented can support the PES program monitoring in Brazil. Additionally, the methodology developed can be easily applied in other areas and provide the definition of the most suitable indicators to monitor water-based PES in different Brazilian contexts.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of chewing gums containing CPP-ACP in remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Enamel blocks from 120 bovine incisors were used. The blocks were flattened and polished, followed by the development of incipient subsurface caries. The blocks have been subjected to a baseline microhardness analysis. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the exposed area of the blocks, reserving an area for hardness analysis. An in situ crossover (three-way crossover phases of 21 days with an interval of one week between them), controlled, randomised and blind experimental model was used, with the participation of 12 volunteers divided into groups: G1 – negative control group, without chewing gum; G2 – conventional sugar-free chewing gum, without CPP-ACP (placebo); and G3 – sugar-free chewing gum with CPP-ACP. The following parameters were analysed: superficial linear (Ra), volumetric roughness (Sa), and superficial structural loss, which was indicated by Gap measurement (difference between the healthy and treated area). Statistical tests used were the Friedman, Wilcoxon and Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal Wallis' nonparametric tests and ANOVA. Results: There was a significant reduction in enamel microhardness after demineralisation in all the groups (p<0.05). This deleterious effect was attenuated in the three groups after the final evaluation, although there were no statistical differences (p<0.05); however, the final values did not return to the baseline values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chewing gum containing CPP-ACP did not promote in situ remineralisation of demineralised enamel around orthodontic brackets.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in arresting dentin caries lesions when applied under different concentrations and times. Material and Methods: Forty-two bovine blocks were selected and fixed in 24-well plates. Each well received a mixed bacterial inoculum added to the culture medium with 5% sucrose. The plates were incubated in microaerophilia (7 days) for caries formation, confirmed by micro-CT (M1). SDF was applied over the carious lesions for different times and concentrations (n=6): SDF 30% - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes; SDF 38%, - immediate removal, 1 minute and 3 minutes. The group without treatment was the control. Then, the samples were again scanned by micro-CT (M2) and submitted to a second cariogenic challenge for 21 days. Then, a final scan was performed (M3). Results: Mean pH at the culture medium and lesion depth were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. 38% SDF showed the lowest metabolic activity of the biofilm. All 38% groups and 30% 1 and 3 minutes did not show an increase in mean lesion depth comparing M3 with M1. However, only 30% 3 minutes and 38% 1 and 3 minutes showed a significant reduction of lesion depth. Conclusion: The minimum application time of 30% SDF to arrest dentin caries lesion was 1 minute, while 38% SDF arrested with application and immediate removal.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the salivary metabolomic profile in adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). A total of 24 adolescents with jSLE (15.92 ± 2.06 years) and 12 systemically healthy controls (15.25 ± 2.7 years) were included in the study. Participants underwent rheumatologic testing and periodontal examination, with the recording of plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and bleeding on probing index (BPI). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from both groups and stored at -80 ºC. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a spectrometer operating at 500 MHz. Partial least squared discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) were used for statistical analysis. Mean CAL and PI were significantly increased in the group with jSLE (p < 0.01). Patients with jSLE presented a significantly different salivary metabolic profile (accuracy = 0.54; R2 = 0.86; Q2 = -0.293), significantly higher salivary levels of N-acetyl sugars, and significantly reduced levels of phenylalanine, glycine, taurine, hydroxybutyrate, and valerate compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). It is suggested that the salivary metabolomic profile analyzed by 1H NMR in patients with jSLE presents a different fingerprint that the systemically healthy subjects. Integrating the variation of metabolites with the identification of the metabolic pathways involved seems to provide a better understanding of the influence of systemic disease on salivary metabolites.

Abstract This study tested the null hypothesis that antihistamine-containing syrup does not change salivary metabolites in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro experiments, saliva from 10 volunteers was mixed with a syrup or pill suspension of loratadine (1 mg/ml Claritin®, Schering-Plough, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). For the in vivo experiment, 10 volunteers performed a mouth rinse with 10 mL of antihistamine syrup (Claritin®; Schering-Plough, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) for 20 seconds and then discarded the rinse water. After 20 seconds, 5 mL of unstimulated whole saliva was spit into a plastic tube kept on ice. The protein profile of in vitro and in vivo experiments was analyzed using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The samples were also analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, followed by Principal Component Analysis and Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). There were differences in salivary metabolites after syrup interaction. The salivary concentrations of acetate, n-caproate, arginine, glutamate, and lysine among other metabolites were reduced with the syrup in both in vivo and in vitro experiments (p < 0.05), but no differences were observed when the pill suspension was used (p > 0.05). Similar changes in metabolite profiles were observed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Electrophoresis revealed no difference in the salivary protein pattern. The null hypothesis was rejected because the intake of syrup medicine changes the salivary composition and influences oral homeostasis and susceptibility to oral diseases.

Abstract: Accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) in root canal irregularities may negatively impact adequate root canal disinfection. In light of this, the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) to reduce AHTD has been largely studied in in vitro studies, which have adopted different analytic methods of varying accuracy to determine the extent of AHTD more correctly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare how well PUI and non-activated irrigation (NAI) systems perform in reducing AHTD during final irrigation protocols, based exclusively on studies whose analyses used microCT scanning. A systematic search of the studies published up to April 2020 was performed using MeSH terms and free terms, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS (Lilacs and BBO) and Embase. The inclusion criteria consisted of laboratory studies that evaluated the amount of AHTD, and compared PUI with NAI protocols using microCT analysis. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed critically by two reviewers. A meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan software program (P<0.05), and included studies providing the standardized mean difference (SMD), using a fixed effect model, and adopting a confidence interval of 95%. In all, 3495 studies were identified, three of which met the inclusion criteria. All three were considered as having a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis comparing the ability of PUI and NAI protocols to remove hard tissue debris showed a higher percentage of AHTD reduction (P<0.01) for PUI, with a confidence interval of 1.41 [0.79, 2.02]. The heterogeneity among the studies was 82% (I2). Considering the limitations of the present study, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that PUI was more effective than NAI in removing hard tissue debris, based exclusively on studies that used microCT scanning to provide a more precise analysis of the two techniques used. The findings presented in the present study reinforce the concept that PUI can increase residue removal and improve the cleanliness of the root canal in endodontic treatments.

Objective: To explore the contribution of a mindfulness-based intervention as an adjuvant to outpatient substance use disorder treatment. Outcomes included substance use behavior, depression and anxiety symptoms, and anger expression. Methods: This preliminary study for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial with stratified random allocation included three months of follow-up. In two outpatient clinics linked to public universities, a mindfulness-based intervention plus treatment as usual (experimental group n=22) was compared to treatment as usual (control group n=20). The study included data from self-report measurements and the patients’ records, which were evaluated according to intention-to-treat analysis through generalized estimating equations and generalized method of moments estimation. Results: The experimental group had lower symptoms of depression (b=-6.82; 95%CI -12.45 to -1.18) and anxiety (b=-0.25; 95%CI -0.42 to -0.09), and anger expression (b=-9.76; 95%CI -18.98 to -0.54) three months after the intervention. We detected no effect on substance use behavior. Conclusion: The mindfulness-based intervention yielded promising results as an adjuvant to outpatient substance use disorder treatment, since it reduced levels of highly prevalent symptoms in this population. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods and larger samples are required.

Abstract Introduction: A valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) is a priority for epidemiological studies. We aimed to perform a relative validity of an FFQ for Portuguese adolescents. Methods: A semi-quantitative Portuguese FFQ (SQ-PortFood-FQ) was developed and the relative validity performed using the multiple-pass 24-h recall. Eighty adolescents (aged 10-17 years) completed both questionnaires to measure energy intake, macroand specific micronutrient intake. We used the following methods for the relative validity: (1) Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r); (2) cross-classification into the same third (agreement) and into the opposite third (disagreement); (3) weighted κ-coefficient (κW); (4) and the Bland-Altman method. Results: We obtained acceptable correlation coefficients between questionnaires for energy (r = 0.59; p < 0.001), protein (r = 0.60; p < 0.001), fat (r = 0.55; p < 0.001), carbohydrates (r = 0.51; p < 0.001) and sodium (r = 0.51; p < 0.001). Tertile agreement for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamin C intakes classified correctly more than 50% and grossly misclassified less than 10% of participants. Energy and protein produced moderate agreement between methods with a κW >0.40. The SQ-PortFoodFQ overestimated all analysed data when compared to the 24-h recall, although those estimations were <10% for energy, macronutrients and cholesterol. The 95% limits of agreement showed that all the variables (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fibre, calcium, sodium, iron, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol) were within the desirable limits of agreement of 50-200%, with the exception of vitamin C (76-296%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (75-232%). Discussion/Conclusion: The SQ-PortFood-FQ showed acceptable relative validity at the individual level for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, fibre, calcium, sodium, iron, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Non-significant relationships were found for vitamin C and PUFA. Our results are in line with previous studies carried out amongst adolescents. As far as we know this is the first FFQ validated for Portuguese adolescents.

Abstract Objective: Current acceptability, barriers to use, and clinical/teaching practices of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) among Brazilian dentists were investigated. Material and Methods: A Google forms questionnaire was sent to dentists (n=10,500) to collect information about the use of SDF and the dentists' workplace, experience, specialty, and city of practice. A logistic regression model was performed. Results: From 409 respondents, 13.2% used SDF. Working at universities increased the use of SDF by 2.29 times (p=0.018) compared to private offices. Each training year, the chance of SDF usage increased by 3% (p=0.008). Pediatric dentists are more likely to use SDF (OR=6.76, p<0.001). There is no association between SDF usage and the city of practice. The majority (75.9%) indicated SDF for noncompliant patients. Dentists (75.9%) reported the exclusive use in deciduous teeth, while 24.1% also use in permanent teeth. The main barrier for non-users was a lack of knowledge (58.3%), while for users, tooth staining (90.7%) and parental acceptance (64.8%) were the complaints. Conclusion: The Silver Diamine Fluoride is not a common product used by the dentists from RJ. Its clinical applicability should be further disseminated; thus, lack of scientific knowledge would cease to be a problem in the use of SDF to arrest caries lesions.

ABSTRACT In Portugal, chestnut wood demand has increased in the last decades. Since chestnut plantations are usually established in low fertility soils, addition of N, P and K as fertilizers usually have a benefic effect in increasing wood productivity. The study aims to evaluate the effects of fertilization on growth of chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) cultivated for wood purposes. An experimental essay was established in a 3-year old chestnut tree stand with a planting spacing of 3.5 × 3.0 m. Four treatments were applied to randomized blocks with three repetitions: control (C), addition of phosphorus (P), addition of phosphorus and potassium (PK) and addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). The chemical properties of the soil and the concentration of nutrients in the leaves were evaluated after the treatment, and measurements of tree diameter and stem height were made for a monitoring period of 4 years. Treatments did not affect soil properties or leaf nutrient concentrations. On the counterpart, the effect of the fertilizers was noticed for tree dimensions and growth. Gains of NPK in relation to the control were observed for the height variable, over the years. Seven years after application of the treatments, differences were also noticed for the diameter and the volume index variables. The NPK treatment has presented a significant effect on tree growth compared to the control, with noticeable gains in the stem height.

Abstract Introduction: Conservative treatment is a treatment option in chronic kidney disease. The election of this treatment is determined by patient and / or the family. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the process of choosing conservative treatment, identify the patient profile, the patient’ survival and who communicate the election. Material and Method: Observational, retrospective study. Patients who chose conservative treatment between 2010-2017 were included. The data were obtained from nursing records in clinical history. Demographic variables, survival, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Barthel Index and patient values were collected using the Values Cards tool. Resultados: The sample was 95 patients, 41.05% men, mean age 82.36±9 years, 27.37% institutionalized. The family reported the choice in 62.11% of the cases. The mean glomerular filtration rate at the beginning of the information was 11.53±2.73 ml/min, the median of Charlson index: 8 (13-3), median of Barthel index: 55 (100-0) points. In the process of contrasting values, the most chosen card was “health personnel responsible for treatment”. The median survival was 496.19±553.8 days. Men and the institutionalized live less, without significant difference. The risk of death is greater, as the Charlson index increases and the glomerular filtration rate decreases (p=0.01). The family announced the election to continue conservative treatment in 62.11% of cases. Conclusions: Patients who opts for conservative treatment are elderly persons, dependents, with comorbidities, average survival of 18 months, and in more than half of the cases, the family is the one that communicates the decision to opt for that treatment.

Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento conservador es una opción de tratamiento en la enfermedad renal crónica. Esta elección es decisión del paciente y/o familia. Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de elección de tratamiento conservador, identificar el perfil de paciente que lo elige, su supervivencia y quien comunica la elección. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes que eligieron tratamiento conservador entre 2010-2017. Los datos se obtuvieron de los registros de enfermería en historia clínica. Se recogieron variables demográficas, supervivencia, Índice de Comorbilidad de Charlson, índice de Barthel y valores de los pacientes utilizando la herramienta Tarjetas de valores. Resultados: Se estudiaron 95 pacientes: 41,05% hombres, edad media 82,36±9 años, 27,37% institucionalizados. La familia comunicó la elección en el 62,11% de los casos. La media del filtrado glomerular al inicio de la información fue 11,53±2,73 ml/min, mediana del Charlson 8 (13-3), Barthel 55 (100-0) puntos. En el proceso de evidenciar valores, la tarjeta más elegida fue “personal sanitario responsable del tratamiento”. La supervivencia media fue 496,19 días±553,8. Viven menos los hombres y los institucionalizados, sin diferencia significativa. El riesgo de muerte es mayor, al aumentar el Charlson y disminuir el filtrado glomerular (p=0,01). La familia comunicó la elección de seguir tratamiento conservador en el 62,11% de los casos. Conclusiones: El paciente que opta por tratamiento conservador es, una persona anciana, dependiente, con comorbilidades, supervivencia media en torno a 18 meses y en más de la mitad de los casos es la familia quien comunica la decisión de optar por ese tratamiento.