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Local protection bubbles: an interpretation of the slowdown in the spread of coronavirus in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in July 2020
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Pinto, Jose Paulo Guedes

; Magalhães, Patrícia Camargo

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Alves, Domingos

; Angel, Diana Maritza Segura

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 N. 11 elocation e00109522

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen: Tras cuatro meses luchando contra la pandemia, la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, empezó una fase de flexibilización de las medidas de alejamiento social en julio de 2020. A la vez, hubo una reducción en la tasa de alejamiento social y en el número de casos, muertes y ocupación de camas en los hospitales. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación multiagente para entender la dinámica de la pandemia en la ciudad de São Paulo. Diferente de lo esperado, los resultados contradictorios del modelo reflejaron la realidad de la ciudad. Sostenemos que se puede atribuir este fenómeno a las burbujas locales de protección que surgieron durante la ausencia de redes de contagio. Estas burbujas redujeron la tasa de transmisión del virus, reduciendo de forma corta y temporal la curva epidémica -pero se manifestaron como un equilibrio inestable. Nuestra hipótesis se alinea con la dinámica de la propagación del virus observada hasta el momento, sin la necesidad de suposiciones ad hoc sobre umbrales de inmunidad colectiva natural o heterogeneidad de la tasa de transmisión de la población, lo que puede provocar previsiones equivocadas. Nuestro modelo se proyectó para ser fácil de usar y no necesita ningún conocimiento científico o de programación para generar resultados sobre la transmisión del virus en un determinado local. Además, como insumo para iniciar nuestro modelo de simulación, desarrollamos el Índice de Protección contra la COVID-19 como una alternativa al Índice de Desarrollo Humano, que mide la vulnerabilidad de un determinado territorio al coronavirus e incluye características del sistema de salud y del desarrollo socioeconómico, además de la infraestructura de la ciudad de São Paulo.

Abstract: After four months of fighting the pandemic, the city of São Paulo, Brazil, entered a phase of relaxed social distancing measures in July 2020. Simultaneously, there was a decline in the social distancing rate and a reduction in the number of cases, fatalities, and hospital bed occupancy. To understand the pandemic dynamics in the city of São Paulo, we developed a multi-agent simulation model. Surprisingly, the counter-intuitive results of the model followed the city’s reality. We argue that this phenomenon could be attributed to local bubbles of protection that emerged in the absence of contagion networks. These bubbles reduced the transmission rate of the virus, causing short and temporary reductions in the epidemic curve - but manifested as an unstable equilibrium. Our hypothesis aligns with the virus spread dynamics observed thus far, without the need for ad hoc assumptions regarding the natural thresholds of collective immunity or the heterogeneity of the population’s transmission rate, which may lead to erroneous predictions. Our model was designed to be user-friendly and does not require any scientific or programming expertise to generate outcomes on virus transmission in a given location. Furthermore, as an input to start our simulation model, we developed the COVID-19 Protection Index as an alternative to the Human Development Index, which measures a given territory vulnerability to the coronavirus and includes characteristics of the health system and socioeconomic development, as well as the infrastructure of the city of São Paulo.

Resumo: Após quatro meses lutando contra a pandemia, a cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, entrou em uma fase de flexibilização das medidas de distanciamento social em julho de 2020. Simultaneamente, houve queda na taxa de distanciamento social e redução no número de casos, mortes e ocupação de leitos hospitalares. Um modelo de simulação multiagente foi desenvolvido para entender a dinâmica da pandemia na cidade de São Paulo. Ao contrário do esperado, os resultados contraintuitivos do modelo acompanharam a realidade da cidade. Argumentamos que este fenômeno pode ser atribuído às bolhas locais de proteção que surgiram na ausência de redes de contágio. Estas bolhas reduziram a taxa de transmissão do vírus, causando reduções curtas e temporárias na curva epidêmica - mas se manifestaram como um equilíbrio instável. Nossa hipótese está alinhada com a dinâmica da propagação do vírus observada até o momento, sem a necessidade de suposições ad hoc sobre limiares de imunidade coletiva natural ou heterogeneidade da taxa de transmissão da população, o que pode levar a previsões errôneas. Nosso modelo foi projetado para ser fácil de usar e não requer nenhum conhecimento científico ou de programação para gerar resultados sobre a transmissão do vírus em um determinado local. Além disso, como insumo para iniciar nosso modelo de simulação, desenvolvemos o Índice de Proteção contra a COVID-19 como alternativa ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano, que mede a vulnerabilidade de um determinado território ao coronavírus e inclui características do sistema de saúde e do desenvolvimento socioeconômico, além da infraestrutura da cidade de São Paulo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen109522

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Tengan, Fátima Mitiko

; Campos, Sergio Roberto

; Luna, Expedito José

Clinics

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2023, Volume 78 elocation 100233

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives To summarize the data on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys conducted in Brazil before the introduction of vaccines Methods The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazil. The present review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The authors searched Medline, Embase, and LILACS databases for serologic surveys conducted in the Brazilian population, in the period from 01/10/2019 to 07/11/2021, without language restrictions. The authors included studies that presented data concerning SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in Brazil and had a sample size ≥50 individuals. Considering the expected heterogeneity between studies, all analyses were performed using the random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic Results Of 586 publications identified in the initial searches, 54 were included in the review and meta-analysis, which contained the results of 135 surveys, with 336,620 participants. The estimated seroprevalence was 11.0%, ranging from 1.0% to 83.0%, with a substantial heterogeneity (I2= 99.55%). In subgroup analyses, the authors observed that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 13.0% in blood donors, 9.0% in the population-based surveys, 13% in schoolchildren, and 11.0% in healthcare workers. Conclusions Seroprevalence increases over time. Large differences were observed among the regions of the country. It was higher in the Northern region, decreasing towards the South. The present results may contribute to the analysis of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Brazilian population before vaccination, one of the factors that may be influencing the clinical presentation of COVID-19 cases related to the new variants, as well as the effectiveness of the vaccination program.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100233

Local protection bubbles: an interpretation of the slowdown in the spread of coronavirus in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in July 2020
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Pinto, Jose Paulo Guedes

; Magalhães, Patrícia Camargo

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Alves, Domingos

; Angel, Diana Maritza Segura

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 N. 11 elocation e00109522

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen109522

Brazilians’ level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: a cross-sectional study
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Gardona, Rodrigo Galvão Bueno

; da Silva, José Vitor

; Arruda, Gisele

; Damin, Silvana

; Abdala, Edson

; Lima, Christiana Almeida Salvador

; Vasconcellos, Leonardo de Souza

; Queiroz, Wladimir

; Zandonái, Alini Cristini

; Danielsk, Ailla Mazon

; Villar de Sena, Ana Carolina

; Cattani, Álvaro Cesar

; Bringhentti, Amanda

; Denardi, Angélica

; Alérico, Ana Lígia Scotti

; Fergutz, Gabriella

; Ribas, Izabela de Oliveira

; Spricigo, Laura Maria Voss

; Gandolfo, Lara

; Correa, Liamara

; Bordignon, Jardel Cristiano

; de Oliveira, Juliana Girotto

; Stefanel, Michel Pandolfo

; Reis, Beatriz Castro

; de Campos, Vilson Geraldo

; Ortigoso, Danilo

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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jun 2022, Volume 140 N. 3 Pages 331 - 340

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Brazil is facing increasing cycles of numbers of infected people and deaths resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This situation involves a series of factors, including the behavior of the population, that can be decisive for controlling the disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Brazilian population regarding COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey-type study, conducted using a population sample from different Brazilian states. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach was used. Sampling was done according to convenience and via snowballing. The data collection instrument was a knowledge, attitudes and practices system. RESULTS: 1,655 people from all over Brazil participated in the survey; 80% were living in the southern region and 70.15% were female. More than 90% had knowledge and good attitudes relating to the means of transmission, preventive care and symptoms associated with COVID-19, although their knowledge and attitudes were not fully reflected in daily practices, for which there was lower adherence (80%). Greater knowledge was correlated with older participants, larger number of children, female sex and marital status; better attitude, with female sex and complete higher education; and better practices, with greater age, larger number of children and female sex. CONCLUSION: A large part of the population has general knowledge about COVID-19, but not all knowledge was applied in practice. Older people, females and university graduates stood out as the best informed and most committed to controlling the disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0541.23072021

Mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B and C viruses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
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Cavalcante, Débora Ferro

; Garcia, Érica Marvila

; Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e220004

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a distribuição temporal e espacial dos óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular associados às hepatites virais B e C no estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo ecológico dos óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular associados a hepatites virais B e hepatites virais C no estado de São Paulo, de 2009 a 2017, com dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. A tendência temporal foi analisada por regressão linear, com método de Prais-Winsten. Os óbitos foram descritos segundo as características sociodemográficas, por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas, e foram espacialmente distribuídos segundo departamento regional de saúde. Resultados: Dos óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular, 26,3% foram associados a hepatites virais B ou hepatites virais C. Observou-se maior proporção de óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais C (22,2%) quando comparada àquela associada a hepatites virais B (3,9%). A taxa de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais B apresentou tendência de queda, no entanto a taxa de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais C apresentou tendência estacionária. Predominaram óbitos de pacientes do sexo masculino, de cor branca, de 50–59 anos e com oito a 11 anos de estudo. A análise espacial revelou distribuição heterogênea dos óbitos no estado de São Paulo. Conclusão: A tendência de queda nas taxas de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais B revela um importante avanço no controle do agravo. Entretanto, a taxa de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais C vem-se mantendo estável ao longo do período estudado. A distribuição espacial dos óbitos pode contribuir para levantar hipóteses com vistas ao conhecimento mais aprofundado desses agravos nas regiões.

ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to describe and analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) in the state of São Paulo. Methods: This is an ecological study of HCC deaths associated with HBV and HCV in the state of São Paulo, from 2009 to 2017, with data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). The temporal trend was analyzed by linear regression with Prais–Winsten estimation. Deaths were described according to sociodemographic characteristics by means of absolute and relative frequencies and were spatially distributed according to the regional health department. Results: It is found that 26.3% of deaths due to HCC were associated with HBV or HCV. A higher proportion of deaths due to HCC associated with HCV was observed (22.2%) when compared to HBV (3.9%). The mortality rate due to HCC associated with HBV showed a downward trend, and the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV showed a steady trend. Deaths of males, white individuals, those who aged from 50 to 59 years, and those who had 8–11 years of schooling predominated. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of deaths in the state of São Paulo. Conclusions: The downward trend in mortality rates due to HCC associated with HBV shows an important advance in the disease control. However, the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV has remained stable throughout the study period. The spatial distribution of deaths may contribute to raise hypotheses for deeper knowledge of these diseases in the regions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720220004

Mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B and C viruses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
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Cavalcante, Débora Ferro

; Garcia, Érica Marvila

; Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e220004

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720220004

Prevalence of hepatitis A in the capitals of the States of North, Southeast and South regions of Brazil: decrease in prevalence and some consequences
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Pereira, Leila M. M. B.

; Stein, Airton T.

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Coral, Gabriela Perdomo

; Montarroyos, Ulisses R.

; Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves

; Braga, Maria Cynthia

; Moreira, Regina Celia

; Santos, Alex A. dos

; Ximenes, Ricardo Alencar

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e34

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has been considered one of the leading causes of acute hepatitis. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of HAV among children and adolescents in a population-based study in the capitals of the States of the North, Southeast and South of Brazil and identify predictive factors for the infection. A multi-stage sampling was used to select subjects aged between 5-9 and 10-19 years. Individual and household levels aside from the level of variables in the areas were collected. The outcome was the total IgG antibodies to HAV levels detected using a commercial Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). The associations between HAV and the independent variables were assessed using the odds ratio. A multilevel analysis was performed by GLLAMM using the Stata software. The prevalence of HAV infection in the 5-9 and 10-19 age groups was 28.7% and 67.5%, respectively for the North, 20.6% and 37.7%, for the Southeast and 18.9% and 34.5% for the South Region. The prevalence of HAV increased according to age in all sites. Variables related to education at the individual level (North and South), family and area level (South and Southeast) and family income level (Southeast and South) were independently associated with HAV infection. This emphasizes the need for individualized strategies to prevent the infection.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163034 358 downloads

Apoios e relações entre mães e avós de crianças com deficiência: falando sobre solidariedade intergeracional familiar
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Trindade, Thalita Rosa

; Hayashi, Maria Cristina Piumbato Innocenntini

; Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira

; Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira

; Silva, Carla Regina

; Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões

Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional

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dec 2020, Volume 28 N. 4 Pages 1268 - 1283

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Apresentam-se os resultados referentes à primeira etapa de uma pesquisa interinstitucional em estudos do campo da família. O foco do trabalho está na Solidariedade Familiar Intergeracional (SFI) entre avós e mães de crianças com deficiências. O objetivo do estudo é descrever os suportes fornecidos pelas avós de crianças com deficiência e as relações de SIF estabelecidas entre as mães e avós já apresentados na literatura e discuti-los à luz do fenômeno da Solidariedade Intergeracional. Para tanto, foi realizada uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. A coleta de dados ocorreu em janeiro de 2019, por meio do emprego do mecanismo busca simples no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, usando palavras-chave sem delimitação temporal. A amostra constou de 25 artigos que foram lidos na íntegra e interpretados com base na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelam a presença de três categorias de análise relacionadas aos apoios e relações interpessoais – Sentimentos dos avós sobre o neto com deficiência, Papel dos avós no cuidado dos netos com deficiência, Fatores que influenciam na oferta ou não do apoio. Com base nas informações de cada categoria, discute-se a presença de solidariedade intergeracional em suas distintas dimensões, com destaque para a importância da solidariedade afetiva e funcional entre mães e avós que contribuem para o enfrentamento das demandas cotidianas na criação e educação de uma criança com deficiência.

Abstract This paper presents the results of the first stage of interinstitutional partnership research with family field studies. The focus of the work is the Family Intergenerational Solidarity (FIS) among grandparents and mothers of children with disabilities. The study aims to describe the support provided by grandparents of children with disabilities and the relationships of FIS established between mothers and grandparents already presented in the literature and to discuss it based on the phenomenon of intergenerational solidarity. To this end, an Integrative Literature Review was performed. Data collection took place in January 2019 through the use of the simple search mechanism in the CAPES Journal Portal, based on keywords, without temporal delimitation. The sample consisted of 25 articles that were read in full and interpreted from the content analysis. The results reveal the presence of three categories of analysis related to support and interpersonal relationships - Grandparents' feelings about a disabled grandchild, Role of grandparents in the care of disabled grandchildren, Factors that influence the offer, or not of support. Based on the information from each category, we discuss the presence of intergenerational solidarity in its different dimensions, highlighting the importance of affective and functional solidarity between mothers and grandparents, which contribute to facing the daily demands in the upbringing and education of a disabled child.

https://doi.org/10.4322/2526-8910.ctoar1951 642 downloads

Mortality trend due to Hepatitis B and C in the city of São Paulo, 2002–2016
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Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Silva, Célia Regina Ciccolo da

; Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2020, Volume 54 elocation 124

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Descrever a mortalidade por hepatites B e C como causa básica no município de São Paulo, verificando a tendência dessas taxas, e avaliar a associação dessas doenças a outras no período de 2002 a 2016. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de série temporal sobre mortalidade por hepatites B e C segundo sexo, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade. A regressão de Prais Winsten foi usada na análise de tendência das taxas. RESULTADOS: Os achados do presente estudo mostraram tendência de declínio da mortalidade por hepatites B e C nos últimos anos, particularmente entre pessoas do sexo masculino. Essas infecções foram causas associadas importantes ao carcinoma de células hepáticas e ao HIV. Destaca-se a proporção de óbitos com menos de 70 anos de idade. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo fornece uma linha de base para pesquisas de tendência de mortalidade e de impacto de intervenções, visto o histórico de ampliação da detecção e oferta de tratamentos, incluindo os mais recentes antivirais no Brasil, desde 2015.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe mortality due to hepatitis B and C as underlying cause in the municipality of São Paulo, verifying the trend of these rates, and to assess the association of these diseases with others, from 2002 to 2016. METHODS: This is a time series study on mortality due to hepatitis B and C according to sex, with data from the Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM – Mortality Information Sistem). Prais Winsten regression was used in rate trend analysis. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed a trend of decline of mortality from hepatitis B and C in recent years, particularly among males. These infections were important associated causes of liver cell carcinoma and HIV. The proportion of deaths under 70 years of age stands out. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides a baseline for research on mortality trend and the impact of interventions, given the history of expanded detection and supply of treatments, including the most recent antivirals in Brazil, since 2015.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002231

10.

Mortality trend due to Hepatitis B and C in the city of São Paulo, 2002–2016
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Sato, Ana Paula Sayuri

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Silva, Célia Regina Ciccolo da

; Cardoso, Maria Regina Alves

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2020, Volume 54 elocation 124

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002231 609 downloads

11.

Ocorrência de hepatite B em gestantes e seguimento de crianças expostas no estado de São Paulo, em 2012
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Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Holcman, Marcia Moreira

; Compri, Adriana Parise

; Silva, Célia Regina Cicolo da

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Moreira, Regina Célia

; Pinho, Maria Eunice Rebello

; Bersusa, Ana Aparecida Sanches

; Coelho, Débora Moraes

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Sato, Helena Keico

; Araujo, Núbia Virginia D’Avila Limeira de

; Caminada, Sirlene

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2020, Volume 29 N. 2 elocation e2019443

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Objetivo: descrever a ocorrência da hepatite B entre gestantes, a realização de imunoprofilaxia e a transmissão vertical e perinatal nas crianças expostas ao vírus na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal sobre registros de pré-natal de gestantes atendidas de janeiro a junho de 2012 e coorte dos recém-nascidos; foram descritas as frequências dos resultados e calculada a estimativa da ocorrência da hepatite B. Resultados: foram incluídas 6.233 gestantes, das quais 53,1% com 20 a 29 anos de idade, 58,7% com 8 a 11 anos de estudo, 53,3% brancas e 73,9% com companheiro; a ocorrência de hepatite B foi de 0,13% (IC95%: 0,04 a 0,21%); das oito crianças de mães com hepatite B crônica, seis tiveram esquema vacinal completo e não houve transmissão vertical ou perinatal. Conclusão: observou-se baixa ocorrência de hepatite B em gestantes e ausência de transmissão vertical ou perinatal.

Abstract Objective: to describe the occurrence of hepatitis B among pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis and vertical and perinatal transmission in children exposed to the virus in the São Paulo state primary care network, Brazil. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study using prenatal records of pregnant women attending health services between January and June 2012 and a cohort of newborns; the frequencies of the results were described and the estimated occurrence of hepatitis B was calculated. Results: 6,233 pregnant women were included, of whom 53.1% were between 20-29 years old, 58.7% had 8-11 years of schooling, 53.3% were white, and 73.9% lived with a partner; occurrence of hepatitis B was 0.13% (95%CI 0.04; 0.21); of the eight children of mothers with chronic hepatitis B, six had a complete vaccination schedule, and there was no vertical or perinatal transmission. Conclusion: there was low occurrence of hepatitis B in pregnant women and absence of vertical or perinatal transmission.

Resumen Objetivo: describir el aparecimiento de hepatitis B en mujeres embarazadas, la inmunoprofilaxis y la transmisión vertical y perinatal en niños expuestos al virus en la red de atención primaria en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: estudio transversal con registros prenatales de mujeres embarazadas atendidas de enero a junio de 2012 y cohorte de recién nacidos; se describieron las frecuencias y se calculó el surgimiento de la hepatitis B. Resultados: se incluyeron 6.233 gestantes, de las cuales 53,1% con 20 a 29 años de edad, 58,7% con 8 a 11 años de estudios, 53,3% blancas y 73,9% viviendo en pareja; la ocurrencia de hepatitis B fue del 0,13% (IC95%: 0,04 to 0,21%); entre ocho hijos de madres con hepatitis B crónica, seis tenía un calendario de vacunación completo y no había transmisión vertical o perinatal. Conclusión: hubo baja ocurrencia de hepatitis B en mujeres embarazadas y ausencia de transmisión vertical o perinatal.

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742020000200018

12.

Ocorrência de hepatite B em gestantes e seguimento de crianças expostas no estado de São Paulo, em 2012
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Farias, Norma Suely de Oliveira

; Holcman, Marcia Moreira

; Compri, Adriana Parise

; Silva, Célia Regina Cicolo da

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Moreira, Regina Célia

; Pinho, Maria Eunice Rebello

; Bersusa, Ana Aparecida Sanches

; Coelho, Débora Moraes

; Koizumi, Inês Kazue

; Sato, Helena Keico

; Araujo, Núbia Virginia D’Avila Limeira de

; Caminada, Sirlene

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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2020, Volume 29 N. 2 elocation e2019443

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.5123/s1679-49742020000200018 1043 downloads

13.

Increase of immigrants in emerging countries: free public healthcare and vaccination as preventive measures in Brazil
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Fujita, Dennis Minoru

; Salvador, Felipe Scassi

; Damião, Giselle Pacífico Sartori

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Nali, Luiz Henrique da Silva

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2019, Volume 35 N. 2 elocation e00228118

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00228118 1290 downloads

14.

Increase of immigrants in emerging countries: free public healthcare and vaccination as preventive measures in Brazil
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Fujita, Dennis Minoru

; Salvador, Felipe Scassi

; Damião, Giselle Pacífico Sartori

; Figueiredo, Gerusa Maria

; Nali, Luiz Henrique da Silva

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2019, Volume 35 N. 2 elocation e00228118

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00228118 6 downloads

15.

Terapia ocupacional: uma profissão relacionada ao feminino
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Figueiredo, Mirela de Oliveira

; Zambulim, Mariana Cristina

; Emmel, Maria Luisa Guillaumon

; Fornereto, Alana de Paiva Nogueira

; Lourenço, Gerusa Ferreira

; Joaquim, Regina Helena Vitale Torkomian

; Barba, Patricia Della

História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos

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mar 2018, Volume 25 N. 1 Pages 115 - 126

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O artigo analisa e descreve possíveis razões pelas quais a terapia ocupacional é abordada como uma profissão feminina. Trata-se de uma revisão do tipo narrativa de caráter analítico da literatura com uma abordagem qualitativa na análise dos dados. A inserção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho esteve envolta por estereótipos associados ao gênero feminino, determinando profissões tipicamente femininas. Os estereótipos de habilidade para o cuidar e com tarefas que envolvessem movimentos finos e de bondade e paciência constituíram qualidades exigidas para as primeiras terapeutas ocupacionais e determinaram a questão do gênero na profissão. A mudança no estereótipo de gênero ocupa hoje um cenário de debates, e esta discussão pode colaborar para uma prática profissional mais reconhecida e valorizada.

Abstract An analysis and description is given for the possible reasons why occupational therapy is seen as a female profession. An analytical narrative-style literature review is offered in conjunction with qualitative data analysis. The entry of women to the workplace was shrouded in stereotypes associated with the female gender, determining typically female professions. The stereotypes of skill in caregiving and tasks that required fine motor skills, kindness, and patience were the qualities required for the first occupational therapists and determined the gendered nature of the profession. Changes in gender stereotypes are today taking place in a context of debates, and this discussion could help garner greater recognition and value for the profession.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-59702018000100007 6985 downloads

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