The objective was to evaluate the effect of four levels of ground corn supply on nutritional parameters, microbial synthesis efficiency and growing performance of beef heifers, at the rainy season. For such, 28 crossbred yearling heifers, with initial age of 16-17 months and initial weight of 255 ± 31.0 kg were distributed into five paddoks of B. decumbens, of 2.0 ha each, with average potentially digestible DM availability of 2,377.0 kg/ha. For each one of the lots, one of the following supplements was daily supplied: mineral mix exclusively or with ground corn at levels 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00 kg/day. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with five treatments (supplements), five repetitions for the groups receiving exclusive mineral mix or mineral mix plus corn on the level of 0.50 kg/day and six repetitions for those receiving the other supplements. There was a response of 0.092 kg of weight gain for every 1 kg of ground corn supplied to the animals, and no substitution effect was verified on the dry matter intake of pasture. The increase in ground corn levels increased metabolizable energy intake, which is explained by the crescent linear effect on digestible dry matter intake, on apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter as well as on the levels of total digestible nutrients of the diet consistent with the increase in intake of the most digestible ingredient, ground corn. In the same way, there was a positive linear effect for apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. The supplementation provided linear positive effect on the flow of microbial nitrogen compounds (MICN) for the small intestine, and did not affect the microbial synthesis efficiency. The supply of energetic supplement for beef heifers, at pasture, during the rainy season increases the use of the forage and consequently, weight gain.

RESUMO O estudo das Uredinales de tres áreas de cerrado, nas Estações Experimentais de Moji-Mirim-SP, de Moji-Guaçu-SP e de Luís Antonio-SP, foi realizado com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento sobre esse importante grupo de patógenos vegetais. Estas áreas contêm remanescentes de vegetação de cerrados no estado de São Paulo e representam uma amostra importante da biodiversidade deste ecossistema. Com base em 1.176 espécimes de Uredinales coletados entre 1975 e 1999, foram identificados 128 gêneros de plantas hospedeiras, distribuídas em 49 famílias botânicas. A partir deste material foram identificadas 157 espécies de patógenos distribuídas em 36 gêneros, sendo os mais freqüentes as especies de Puccinia (53), Uromyces (19), Aecidium e Phakopsora (10), Prospodium (8), Uredo (6), Crossopsora e Ravenelia (5) e Coleosporium (4). O trabalho inclui uma listagem em ordem alfabética das espécies de Uredinales seguidas da citação original e do tipo nomenclatural de cada binômio quando disponível, novas notações para os ciclos de vida baseadas na escola ontogênica, os sinônimos e os dados dos espécimes coletados, bem como um índice de hospedeiros. Espécimes foram depositados nos herbários do Instituto Biológico (IBI), do Botanical Research Institute of Texas, USA (BRIT) e do Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB).

ABSTRACT The study of the Uredinological mycota of three Cerrado areas of São Paulo State, Brazil, was performed in order to increase the knowledge about this important group of plant pathogens. The studied areas are amongst the few remnants of once widespread 'cerrado' vegetation in the State of São Paulo. Based on 1176 Uredinales samples collected between 1975 and 1999, 128 genera of hosts distributed in 49 plant families were identified. Rust fungi were represented by 157 species distributed in 36 genera with predominance of the following: Puccinia (53 spp.), Uromyces (19 spp.), Aecidium and Phakopsora (10 spp.), Prospodium (8 spp.), Uredo (6 spp.), Crossopsora and Ravenelia (5 spp.) and Coleosporium (4 spp.). The species list includes the original citation, nomenclatural-type whenever extant, a new notation for the life cicle based on the ontogenic school, synonymy, collecting data and comments on nomenclature and a host index. Voucher specimens were deposited in the herbaria at Instituto Biológico (IBI), Botanical Research Institute (BRIT), Texas, USA and Rio de Janerio Botanical Garden (RB).

Tem sido demonstrada a incompatibilidade de materiais alcalinos com a solução corante de azul de metileno utilizada em testes de infiltração marginal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a influência de diferentes soluções corantes na avaliação do selamento apical proporcionado pelo agregado de trióxido mineral. Cinqüenta e seis caninos humanos extraídos tiveram seus canais radiculares instrumentados e obturados. Após a secção da porção apical, cavidades retrógradas foram preparadas e os dentes divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais (n = 13) e dois controles (n = 2). Foram utilizados os seguintes materiais retrobturadores: grupos 1 e 2 - Pro Root MTA (Dentsply); grupos 3 e 4 - cimento de óxido de zinco e eugenol (OZE). Em seguida, os dentes dos grupos 1 e 3 foram imersos em solução de Azul de Metileno a 2% e dos grupos 2 e 4 em solução de Rodamina B a 0,2% por 48 horas em ambiente com vácuo. Decorrido este período, os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente, e a infiltração marginal foi analisada. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (Análise de variância e teste de Tukey). Os resultados demonstraram que o Grupo 1 apresentou menor infiltração apical que os demais (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que a avaliação da capacidade seladora do MTA é influenciada pela solução corante, uma vez que o mesmo apresentou melhores resultados com o Azul de Metileno e infiltração marginal semelhante à do OZE quando avaliado em solução de Rodamina B.

Alkaline materials have shown incompatibility with methylene blue dye in leakage experiments. The goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of different dyes on the evaluation of the apical sealing ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate root-end fillings. Fifty-six extracted human canines were submitted to root canal instrumentation and obturation. After apical resection, retrograde cavities were prepared and teeth were randomly divided into four experimental (n = 13) and two control groups (n = 2). The following root-end filling materials were used: groups 1 and 2 - Pro Root MTA (Dentsply), groups 3 and 4 - zinc oxide-eugenol cement (ZOE). Teeth in groups 1 and 3 were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution, while teeth in groups 2 and 4 were immersed in 0.2% rhodamine B in a reduced pressure environment for 48 hours. Teeth were then longitudinally sectioned and leakage was evaluated. Results were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's test). Group 1 presented the least leakage (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the evaluation of the sealing ability of MTA is influenced by the dye used, since this material presented better sealing ability when evaluated with Methylene Blue, but was similar to ZOE when evaluated with rhodamine B.