Resumo As comunidades quilombolas, estão presentes em diversos estados brasileiros, vivendo em condições de saúde mais precárias. Isto ocorre por conta do isolamento geográfico, das limitações de acesso e da falta de qualidade no serviço quando este é prestado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola do nordeste brasileiro. Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. Foram entrevistadas 160 mulheres adultas, através de um formulário para a coleta de perfil e do questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL – bref. Foi observado que as mulheres tinham em média 40,7 anos (±17,25), casadas, autodeclaradas negras, com fundamental incompleto, do lar, sem renda, com moradia de alvenaria, própria, com até 6 cômodos, abastecidas por caixa de água comunitária, tratada. A Qualidade de Vida, apresentou escores medianos nos domínios: físico (3,18), psicológico (3,4), relações sociais (3,45) e meio ambiente (2,59). Com a realização desta pesquisa foi possível caracterizar a comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL quanto as dificuldades de acesso a saúde e geração de renda, fatos que repercutem na sua condição de saúde. Os problemas descritos neste estudo podem contribuir para que ações de saúde sejam planejadas e efetivadas com o intuito de melhorar as condições socioeconômicas e de saúde nessa comunidade, considerando-se o contexto social, político e ambiental, valorizando seus saberes e práticas tradicionais.

Abstract Quilombola communities are present in many Brazilian states living in precarious health conditions. This is due to geographic isolation, limitations to the access of the area in which they live in, and the lack of quality in the service when it is needed to be provided. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life of women from a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil. It is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. 160 adult women were first interviewed through a form to collect a profile and then it was applied the WHOQOL Quality of Life questionnaire – bref. It was observed that the women were on average 40.7 years old (±17.25), married, self-declared black, who did not finish elementary school, housewife, had no income, with their own masonry house, with up to 6 rooms, supplied by a box of community treated water. Quality of Life had median scores in the domains: physical (3.18), psychological (3.4), social relationships (3.45) and environment (2.59). With this research, it was possible to characterize the quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL regarding the difficulties of access to health and income generation, issues that affect their health condition. The problems described in this study can contribute to health actions being planned and carried out in order to improve socioeconomic and health conditions in this community, considering the social, political and environmental context, valuing their traditional knowledge and practices.

Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença tropical negligenciada. Foram avaliadas a distribuição espacial dos casos de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas. Todos os casos de LV, registrados pela secretaria de saúde, foram analisados e georreferenciados. Entre 2008 e 2017, 97,1% dos municípios apresentaram classificação esporádica de transmissão. Com a evolução temporal, a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral se concentrou na maioria dos municípios da microrregião de Santana do Ipanema-AL. A análise espaço-tempo, se considerada, pode promover o aprimoramento das ações de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose visceral.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease. We evaluated the spatial distribution of cases of visceral leishmaniosis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. All cases of VL, registered by the health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. Results: Between 2008 and 2017, 97.1% of the municipalities presented sporadic classification of transmission. With temporal evolution, the incidence of cases of visceral leishmaniosis was concentrated in most municipalities in the microregion of Santana do Ipanema-AL. Space-time analysis, if considered, may promote the improvement of surveillance and control actions of visceral leishmaniosis.

ABSTRACT: The use of plant resistance acts by intervening in the herbivore-host relationship, through morphological, physical or chemical factors of the plant. This study evaluated the oviposition and foliar consumption of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker [1858]) in soybean genotypes, in free- and no-choice tests, correlating them with the factors, density and size of trichomes. The experiments were carried out in laboratory (25 ± 2 °C; RH= 70 ± 10%; photoperiod 14h) using five cultivars (BRS 391, BRS 6203 RR, BMX Valente RR, Tec Irga 6070 RR, BMX Icone Ipro) and two isolines (PELBR 10-6000 and PELBR 10-6049). The trichomes reported were filiform tectors and claviform multicellular glandular. The density of glandular trichomes, in stages V2 and V5, was higher on BRS 6203 RR and BRS 391, respectively. The higher density of glandular trichomes was observed in V5 and a higher density of tector trichomes in V2. The lowest densities and the smallest sizes of trichomes in V2 and V5 stages was observed on PELBR 10-6049. The size of tector trichomes and the number of eggs did not differ among the cultivars. Foliar consumption was lower for on BMX Icone Ipro and Tec Irga 6070 RR. Trichome density influences the consumption and oviposition behavior of C. includens.

RESUMO: O uso da resistência de plantas atua intervindo na relação herbívoro-hospedeiro, através de fatores morfológicos, físicos ou químicos da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a oviposição e o consumo foliar de Chrysodeixis includens (Walker [1858]) em genótipos de soja, através de testes com e sem escolha, correlacionando-os com os fatores, densidade e tamanho de tricomas. Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório (25 ± 2 °C; UR= 70 ± 10%; fotoperíodo 14h) utilizando cinco cultivares (BRS 391, BRS 6203 RR, BMX Valente RR, Tec Irga 6070 RR, BMX Icone Ipro) e duas linhagens (PELBR 10-6000 e PELBR 10-6049). Os tricomas encontrados foram tectores filiformes e glandulares multicelulares claviformes. A densidade de tricomas glandulares nos estágios V2 e V5, foi maior em BRS 6203 RR e BRS 391, respectivamente. A maior densidade de tricomas glandulares foi observada em V5 e a maior densidade de tricomas tectores em V2. As menores densidades e os menores tamanhos de tricomas nos estágios V2 e V5 foram observados em PELBR 10-6049. O tamanho de tricomas tectores e o número de ovos não diferiram entre as cultivares. O consumo foliar foi menor para BMX Icone Ipro e Tec Irga 6070 RR. A densidade de tricomas influência o comportamento de consumo e oviposição de C. includens.

RESUMEN En el comienzo de la historia del grafeno, el óxido de grafeno representaba únicamente un paso intermedio en la metodología para la obtención de láminas de grafeno. Sin embargo, resultados posteriores en la investigación de este material mostraron que el óxido de grafeno exhibe una estructura con defectos y grupos funcionales que le confieren propiedades únicas. Dada la versatilidad de su superficie, se han propuesto distintas vías de funcionalización que han resultado en la obtención de gran variedad de materiales híbridos. En este trabajo, presentamos la obtención y caracterización de tres materiales funcionalizados basados en láminas de óxido de grafeno decoradas con nanopartículas de plata, dióxido de titanio e hidroxiapatita. Estas nanoestructuras fueron caracterizadas mediante difracción de rayos X, espectroscopía Raman y microscopía electrónica de transmisión. De forma particular se estudió la mejora en las propiedades térmicas del grafeno oxidadonanopartículas de plata mediante análisis termogravimétrico (TGA), la mejora de las señales Raman mediante el mecanismo químico de SERS en el material decorado con dióxido de titanio y se realizó un ensayo de viabilidad celular MTT, en el que se observó que no presentaba citotoxicidad el grafeno oxidado decorado con hidroxiapatita obtenido al usar urea para la precipitación del biocerámico.

ABSTRACT In the early history of graphene, graphene oxide represented only an intermediate step in the methodology for obtaining graphene sheets. However, subsequent results of the investigation of this material showed that graphene oxide exhibits a structure with defects and functional groups that give it unique properties. Given the versatility of its surface, different functionalization routes have been proposed that have resulted in obtaining a wide variety of hybrid materials. In this work, we present the obtaining and characterization of three functionalized materials based on graphene oxide sheets decorated with nanoparticles of silver, titanium dioxide and hydroxyapatite. These nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In particular, the improvement in the thermal properties of oxidized graphene-silver nanoparticles was studied through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the improvement of Raman signals through the chemical mechanism of SERS in the material decorated with titanium dioxide and a MTT cell viability assay, in which it was observed that the oxidized graphene decorated with hydroxyapatite obtained using urea did not present cytotoxicity.

Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19.

One of the greatest challenges faced by agriculture is the use of agrochemicals and the balance between food production and environmental problems associated with the excessive use of these substances. To overcome this issue, pheromones have been used to trap pests that harm crops. This work reports the use of a layered monocarboxylate, manganese laurate (MnL2), as adsorbing matrix for undecan-2-one (methyl nonyl ketone (MNK)), one of the components of the pheromone of the insect Lobiopa insularis, which is a pest in the strawberry cultivar. The manganese laurate was synthesized by a coprecipitation method and was later characterized using X-ray diffractometry, vibrational spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The characterization techniques showed that MNK was adsorbed in the manganese laurate structure in a range of 0.08 to 1.13 mg g-1, and this interaction was investigated in a factorial design experiment, in which the variables temperature, time of contact, and matrix:MNK ratio were investigated. A negative effect of increasing temperatures was observed and attributed to substrate volatilization. The adsorption was favored in increasing molar ratios and times of contact, and ideal conditions for the adsorption could be found, indicating that manganese laurate could be applied in controlled-release tests.

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

Abstract In order to establish a link between the evolutionary history and the photochemical attributes, measurements of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence were made in Cattleya warneri, C. shofieldiana and C. harrisoniana exposed to high irradiance for 5, 35, and 120 min (hereafter referred to as treatments T5, T35, and T120, respectively). The following questions are addressed: (1) Is the increased energy dissipation enough to counterbalance the excess energy that drives photosynthesis at different times of high irradiance exposure? (2) Is there an influence of the incidence and duration of light radiation on Cattleya species in full sunlight, compared to Cattleya species submitted to low irradiance? Higher relative variable fluorescence at the J-step (Vj) values followed by the lower quantum yield of electron transport (ψEo) indicate the accumulation of reduced Quinone A (QA) proportionally of sunflecks exposure time in C. warneri. The higher performance index (PIABS) and plasticity index values in C. schofieldiana indicate higher efficiency in modulating the photosynthetic apparatus under sunflecks. C. harrisoniana shows the lowest plasticity index, suppression of maximum fluorescence (Fm), and no recovery of PIABS after sunflecks. This study evidences the importance of physiological plasticity in the current geographic distribution of Cattleya in response to light pulses in species derived from fragmented habitats and the maintenance of shade to species of more primitive clades.

Resumo Com o objetivo de estabelecer uma ligação entre a história evolutiva e os atributos fotoquímicos, medidas de fluorescência da clorofila (Chl) a foram feitas em Cattleya warneri, C. shofieldiana e C. harrisoniana expostas à alta irradiância por 5, 35 e 120 min (T5, T35 e T120, respectivamente). As seguintes questões são abordadas: (1) O aumento da dissipação de energia é suficiente para contrabalançar o excesso de energia que impulsiona a fotossíntese em diferentes tempos de exposição à alta irradiância? (2) Existe influência da incidência e duração da radiação luminosa em espécies de Cattleya a pleno sol, em comparação com espécies de Cattleya submetidas a baixa irradiância? A maior fluorescência variável relativa no ponto J (Vj) seguida do menor rendimento quântico do transporte de elétrons (ψEo) indicam o acúmulo de Quinona A (QA) reduzida proporcionalmente ao tempo de exposição às manchas solares em C. Waeneri. Os maiores valores de índice de desempenho (PIABS) e do índice de plasticidade em C. schofieldiana indicam maior eficiência na modulação do aparato fotossintético em resposta às manchas solares. C. harrisoniana apresenta menor índice de plasticidade, supressão da fluorescência máxima (Fm) e nenhuma recuperação de PIABS após exposição às manchas solares. Este estudo evidencia a importância da plasticidade fisiológica na distribuição geográfica atual de Cattleya em resposta a pulsos de luz em espécies derivadas de habitats fragmentados e a manutenção do sombreamento para espécies de clados mais primitivos.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la sensibilidad a los antibióticos de las bacterias incluidas en la lista prioritaria de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus y Streptococcus pneumoniae) en hemocultivos en el Hospital Regional de la Orinoquía en Colombia. Métodos. Se trata de un estudio transversal que empleó datos rutinarios de laboratorio del período comprendido entre los años 2019 y 2021. Se examinaron datos de muestras de sangre de pacientes con presunción clínica de infección del torrente sanguíneo. Se determinó el número total de hemocultivos realizados y la proporción cultivos con resultados, las características de los pacientes con bacterias prioritarias, así como el tipo de bacterias aisladas y los patrones de resistencia a los antibióticos. Resultados. De 25 469 hemocultivos realizados, se aislaron bacterias en 1628 (6%); 774 (48%) con agentes patógenos prioritarios de la OMS. La mayoría de las cepas bacterianas prioritarias aisladas (558; 72%) eran gramnegativas y 216 (28%), organismos grampositivos. La mayoría de los pacientes con bacterias prioritarias (666; 86%) fueron hospitalizados en salas distintas de la unidad de cuidados intensivos, 427 (55%) eran varones y 321 (42%) tenían 60 años o más. De las 216 bacterias grampositivas aisladas, 205 (95%) eran Staphylococcus aureus. De las 558 bacterias prioritarias gramnegativas aisladas, las tres más comunes fueron Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%) y Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). La mayor resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus fue a la oxacilina (41%). Entre las bacterias gramnegativas, la resistencia a los antibióticos varió del 4% (amikacina) al 72% (ampicilina). Conclusiones. El aislamiento de bacterias en los hemocultivos fue bajo y podría mejorarse. Se encontraron bacterias de la lista prioritaria de la OMS en todas las salas del hospital, por lo que es necesario aplicar rigurosas normas de prevención y control de infecciones y realizar una vigilancia continua de la resistencia a los antibióticos.

RESUMO Objetivos. Avaliar a suscetibilidade a antibióticos das bactérias consideradas prioritárias pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus pneumoniae) em hemoculturas coletadas no hospital regional de Orinoquía na Colômbia. Métodos. Estudo transversal utilizando dados laboratoriais de rotina do período 2019-2021. Foram examinados os dados de amostras de sangue de pacientes com suspeita de infecção de corrente sanguínea. Determinamos o número total de hemoculturas realizadas e a proporção de culturas com rendimento, as características dos pacientes com bactérias prioritárias, e o tipo de bactéria isolada e padrões de resistência a antibióticos. Resultados. Das 25.469 hemoculturas realizadas, 1.628 (6%) foram positivas para bactérias, sendo que 774 (48%) dessas bactérias eram da lista de agentes patogênicos prioritários da OMS. A maioria das bactérias prioritárias isoladas (558; 72%) eram gram-negativas e 216 (28%) eram gram-positivas. A maioria dos pacientes com bactérias prioritárias (666; 86%) estava internada em enfermaria, e não em unidade de terapia intensiva. 427 (55%) eram homens e 321 (42%) tinham ≥ 60 anos de idade. Das 216 bactérias gram-positivas isoladas, 205 (95%) eram Staphylococcus aureus. Das 558 bactérias gram-negativas prioritárias isoladas, as três mais frequentes foram Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%) e Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). O Staphylococcus aureus apresentou maior resistência à oxacilina (41%). Entre as bactérias gram-negativas, a resistência aos antibióticos variou entre 4% (amicacina) e 72% (ampicilina). Conclusões. O rendimento bacteriano das hemoculturas foi baixo e pode ser melhorado. As bactérias consideradas prioritárias pela OMS foram encontradas em todas as enfermarias do hospital. Os achados exigem normas rigorosas de prevenção e controle de infecção, e vigilância contínua da resistência bacteriana a antibióticos.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To assess antibiotic susceptibility of World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae) in blood cultures at the Orinoquía regional hospital in Colombia. Methods. This was cross-sectional study using routine laboratory data for the period 2019–2021. Data on blood samples from patients suspected of a bloodstream infection were examined. We determined: the total number of blood cultures done and the proportion with culture yield; the characteristics of patients with priority bacteria; and the type of bacteria isolated and antibiotic resistance patterns. Results. Of 25 469 blood cultures done, 1628 (6%) yielded bacteria; 774 (48%) of these bacteria were WHO priority pathogens. Most of the priority bacteria isolated (558; 72%) were gram-negative and 216 (28%) were gram-positive organisms. Most patients with priority bacteria (666; 86%) were hospitalized in wards other than the intensive care unit, 427 (55%) were male, and 321 (42%) were ≥ 60 years of age. Of the 216 gram-positive bacteria isolated, 205 (95%) were Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 558 gram-negative priority bacteria isolated, the three most common were Escherichia coli (34%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (28%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (20%). The highest resistance of Staphylococcus aureus was to oxacillin (41%). For gram-negative bacteria, resistance to antibiotics ranged from 4% (amikacin) to 72% (ampicillin). Conclusions. Bacterial yield from blood cultures was low and could be improved. WHO priority bacteria were found in all hospital wards. This calls for rigorous infection prevention and control standards and continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance.

Resumo Dentre as diversas frutas a mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), despertou interesse de produtores e consumidores devido às suas características sensoriais atrativas e propriedades benéficas à saúde (elevado valor nutricional e presença de substâncias bioativas), assim, o trabalho avaliar os fatores nutricionais do resíduo da farinha de processamento de mangaba que é desprezado pela indústria alimentícia e, a influência da temperatura na sua produção. O resíduo de processamento da mangaba foi dividido em dois lotes, sendo um deles utilizado para as análises in natura (amostra controle) e o outro para a confecção da farinha que foi seca a 50 °C, e dividida em dois lotes: tratamento A (farinha com torras a 110 °C e 130 °C) e no tratamento B (farinha oriunda da secagem a 50 °C). Analisou-se as características nutricionais de farinhas considerando os parâmetros químicos: pH, acidez total titulável e sólidos solúveis, além da determinação do teor de umidade, lipídios totais, fibra alimentar total e cinzas, valor energético total, atividade antioxidante, triagem fitoquímica, quantificação de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, bem como as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas (índice de absorção de água (IAA), índice de solubilidade em água (ISA), índice de absorção de leite (IAL) e índice de solubilidade em leite (ISL) e índice de absorção de óleo (IAO). Na análise foi inferido que os compostos bioativos presentes nos extratos não possuem propriedades significativas de agir como sequestradores de radicais livres. O tratamento térmico, realizado na farinha de resíduos de processamento de mangaba, influenciou nos dados dos fatores nutricionais e das propriedades de absorção e solubilidade, os quais apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Estes resultados credenciam a farinha como uma alternativa viável para o enriquecimento energético de dietas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, a redução do descarte desses resíduos e consequentemente para a minimização do impacto ambiental.

Abstract Among several fruits, mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), it aroused the interest of producers and consumers due to its attractive sensory characteristics and health beneficial properties (high nutritional value and presence of bioactive substances), thus, this work evaluates the nutritional factors of the flour residue of mangaba processing that is despised by the food industry, and the influence of temperature on its production. The mangaba processing residue was splited in two main groups: in natura sample (control), and other for preparation of flour that was dried at 50 °C and divided into two other groups: treatment A (flour with roasts at 110 °C and 130 °C) and treatment B (flour from drying at 50 °C). The nutritional characteristics of flours were analyzed considering the chemical parameters: pH, titratable total acidity and soluble solids, in addition to the determination of moisture content, total lipids, total dietary fiber and ash, total energy value, antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, quantification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as technological functional properties (water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), milk absorption index (MAI) and milk solubility index (MSI) and oil absorption index (OAI). The results showed that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts do not have significant properties of acting as free radical kidnappers. The heat treatment, performed in the flour of mangaba processing residues, influenced the nutritional factors and properties of absorption and solubility, which showed statistical differences. These results show that the flour is a viable alternative for the energy enrichment of diets, contributing to the development of new products, the reduction of the disposal of these residues and consequently to the minimization of the environmental impact.

Resumo Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, conhecida popularmente como marmeleiro prateado e sacatinga, é um vegetal do bioma caatinga comumente encontrado no Nordeste do Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante da espécie. O estudo fitoquímico foi realizado por meio de análise qualitativa dos constituintes químicos e determinação quantitativa do teor de fenóis totais pelo teste de Folin-Ciocalteu. Os testes antioxidantes qualitativos e quantitativos foram realizados pelo método do DPPH (2,2 difenil-1- picril-hidrazila) e redução do ferro (FRAP). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada por microdiluição em placas de 96 poços. O extrato etanólico das folhas de C. argyrophylloides apresentou ação antioxidante no teste DPPH quantitativo com uma significativa bioatividade de 84.70 AAO% em 500 µg/mL, apresentando um CE50 de 236.79. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais, foi de 946,06 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de amostra, e de flavonoides totais de 58,11 mg equivalentes de quercetina/g da amostra, o valor encontrado para FRAP foi de 15294,44 µM Trolox/g da amostra e de ABTS foi 718 μM Trolox da amostra. A prospecção dos constituintes químicos das folhas de C. argyrophylloides revelou a presença dos principais compostos que caracterizam a atividade antioxidante e foi possível comprovar pelo método de DPPH que há atividade antioxidante na amostra analisada, além de demonstrar um resultado significativo de teor de compostos fenólicos e teor de flavonoides totais na espécie e o que corrobora com a atividade antioxidante da amostra vegetal. Os extratos das folhas apresentaram halos de inibição de crescimento de 10 e 12mm frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

Abstract Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., from the Euphorbiaceae family, popularly known as marmeleiro prateado or sacatinga, is a plant from the Caatinga biome commonly found in Brazil’s northeastern region. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the species. The phytochemical study was performed through qualitative analysis of chemical constituents and quantitative determination of the total phenol content through the Folin-Ciocalteu test. The qualitative and quantitative antioxidant tests were performed using the DPPH method (2.2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazil) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution in 96-well plates. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides manifested antioxidant action in the quantitative DPPH test with a significant bioactivity of 84.70 AAO% in 500 µg/mL, with an EC50 of 236.79. The content of total phenolic compounds was 946.06 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample, and total flavonoids was 58.11 mg of quercetin equivalents/g of sample, the result obtained for FRAP was 15294.44 µM Trolox/g of sample and ABTS was 718 μM Trolox of sample. The prospecting of the chemical constituents of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides revealed the presence of the main compounds that manifests the antioxidant activity and it was proven by the DPPH method that there is antioxidant activity in the analyzed sample, in addition to demonstrating a significant content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content in the species, which corroborates the antioxidant activity of the plant sample. The leaf extracts presented growth inhibition halos of 10 and 12 mm upon Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the prevalence of practices in childbirth care, obstetric and neonatal adverse events and their association with care models in three public health services. Method: this is a prospective cohort study carried out with 548 dyads, postpartum women and their newborns, whose pregnancy was of usual risk and vaginal birth, admitted to hospital in three public services, one with an exclusive care model by nurse-midwives (service A), one with a collaborative model involving obstetric doctors and nurses (service B) and one with an exclusive medical care model (service C). Initially, an interview was carried out with participants, and a second contact was carried out 42 days after birth to complement the collection of the adverse event outcome. Results: in service A, no woman underwent the Kristeller maneuver, episiotomy, directed pushing or more than one vaginal examination per hour. Meanwhile, in service C, 19.3%, 39.9%, 77.1% and 26.3% of women underwent these interventions, respectively. Adverse events occurred in 19.2% of the dyads. Occurrence of adverse events was associated with not using partograph (p=0.001; OR: 11.03; CI: 2.64-45.99) and episiotomy (p=0.042; OR: 1.72; CI: 1. 02-2.91). The mean probability of experiencing an adverse event was 5% in service A, 21% in service B and 24% in service C. Conclusion: adverse events had a lower mean probability of occurrence in the service exclusively operated by nurse-midwives, in which greater application of recommendations for labor and birth care was identified.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de prácticas en la atención del childbirth, eventos adversos obstétricos y neonatales y su asociación con los modelos de atención en tres servicios públicos de salud. Método: estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado con 548 binomios, puérperas y sus recién nacidos, cuyo embarazo fue de riesgo habitual y childbirth vaginal, hospitalizados en tres servicios públicos, uno con modelo de atención exclusiva por enfermeras obstétricas (servicio A), otro con modelo colaborativo. modelo con la labor de médicos y enfermeras obstetras (servicio B) y otro con un modelo de asistencia médica exclusiva (servicio C). Inicialmente se realizó una entrevista a los participantes y se realizó un segundo contacto a los 42 días del nacimiento para complementar la recopilación del resultado del evento adverso. Resultados: en el servicio A ninguna mujer fue sometida a maniobra de Kristeller, episiotomía, pujo dirigido o más de un examen vaginal por hora. Mientras tanto, en el servicio C, el 19,3%, 39,9%, 77,1% y 26,3% de las mujeres se sometieron a estas intervenciones, respectivamente. Los eventos adversos ocurrieron en el 19,2% de los binomios. La aparición de eventos adversos se asoció con la no utilización del partographa (p=0,001; OR: 11,03; IC: 2,64-45,99) y episiotomía (p=0,042; OR: 1,72; IC: 1,02-2,91). La probabilidad promedio de experimentar un evento adverso fue del 5% en el servicio A, del 21% en el servicio B y del 24% en el servicio C. Conclusión: los eventos adversos tuvieron menor probabilidad promedio de ocurrencia en el servicio operado exclusivamente por enfermeras obstétricas, en el que se identificó mayor aplicación de las recomendaciones de asistencia al childbirth y nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a prevalência de práticas na atenção ao parto, eventos adversos obstétricos e neonatais e sua associação com modelos assistenciais em três serviços de saúde públicos. Método: estudo coorte prospectivo realizado com 548 binômios, puérperas e seus recém-nascidos, cuja gestação foi de risco habitual e o parto vaginal, internados em três serviços públicos, sendo um com modelo de assistência exclusivo por enfermeiras obstetras (serviço A), um com modelo colaborativo com atuação de médicos e enfermeiras obstetras (serviço B) e um com modelo de assistência exclusiva médica (serviço C). Inicialmente, foi realizada uma entrevista com as participantes e um segundo contato foi realizado após 42 dias do parto para complementar a coleta do desfecho evento adverso. Resultados: no serviço A, nenhuma mulher foi submetida à manobra de Kristeller, episiotomia, incentivos a puxos dirigidos ou mais de um toque vaginal por hora. Enquanto, no serviço C, 19,3%, 39,9%, 77,1% e 26,3% das mulheres foram submetidas a essas intervenções, respectivamente. Os eventos adversos ocorreram em 19,2% dos binômios. A ocorrência dos eventos adversos foi associada ao não uso do partograma (p=0,001; OR: 11,03; IC: 2,64-45,99) e episiotomia (p=0,042; OR: 1,72; IC: 1,02-2,91). A probabilidade média de apresentar algum evento adverso foi de 5% no serviço A, 21% no serviço B e 24% no serviço C. Conclusão: os eventos adversos apresentaram menor probabilidade média de ocorrência no serviço com atuação exclusiva de enfermeiras obstetras, no qual se identificou maior aplicação das recomendações para assistência ao parto e nascimento.

Abstract Canga is an environment of great natural and economic value because it harbours a considerable number of endemic species on a substrate that is rich in iron ore. In the Amazon, this open vegetation type grows on top of isolated outcrops in a dense forest matrix found in the Carajás region, in southeastern Pará. Of these outcrops, the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF) is the only area of Amazonian canga with a strict protection status. Therefore, industrial activity in the region needs to implement mitigation actions to ensure species and habitat conservation. The objective of this study is to complement and review the floristic list of this recently created protected area, enabling us to compare the floristic similarity between it and other 14 Amazonian canga outcrops found outside the conservation units of full protection in the region. This data provides a basis to understand the floristic and phylogenetic complementarity of those patches to support conservation action. For this, six field trips were carried out in the Serra da Bocaina and two in the Serra do Tarzan, respectively, in order to increase the sampling efforts in PNCF and to obtain a more comprehensive plant list. Floristic composition was investigated using multivariate analyses (non-metric multidimensional scaling and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) and phylogenetic structure across studied areas. We added 159 species to the floristic list of the PNCF and the results of the analyses showed that all 16 areas (n.b. PNCF comprises two of these sites) have an overall floristic similarity of 42%, with the least similar areas at 35% and the most similar at 50%. The different micro-habitats found in each study site highlight the high beta diversity of the Amazonian canga sites, making each area unique. Therefore, even if the Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos does not harbour all the species found in the other Amazonian canga sites, it is strategic for the conservation of the vegetation on ferruginous outcrops in the Amazon, protecting its biodiversity, different habitats, and associated ecosystem services.

Resumo Canga é um ambiente de grande valor natural e econômico por abrigar um número considerável de espécies endêmicas sobre substrato rico em minério de ferro. Na Amazônia, esse tipo de vegetação aberta cresce sobre afloramentos isolados em uma matriz de floresta densa encontrada na região de Carajás, no sudeste do Pará. Dentre esses afloramentos, o Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF) é a única área de canga Amazônica que apresenta o status de proteção integral permanente. Dessa forma, a atividade industrial presente na região necessita implementar ações de mitigação para assegurar a conservação de espécies e habitats relacionados às cangas. O objetivo deste estudo é complementar e revisar a lista florística dessa área protegida, recentemente criada, permitindo comparar a sua similaridade florística com outros 14 afloramentos de cangas Amazônicas localizados fora de unidades de conservação de proteção integral encontradas na região. Tais dados fornecem subsídio para entender a complementaridade florística e filogenética desses fragmentos para apoiar ações de conservação. Para isso, foram realizadas seis viagens de coleta à Serra da Bocaina e à Serra do Tarzan, respectivamente, para aumentar o esforço amostral no PNCF e obter uma lista de plantas mais abrangente. A composição florística foi investigada por meio de análises multivariadas (non-metric multidimensional scaling and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) e estrutura filogenética nas áreas estudadas. Nós adicionamos 159 espécies na lista florística do PNCF e os resultados das análises demonstraram que todas as 16 áreas (n.b. o PNCF compreende duas dessas áreas) têm uma similaridade florística total de 42%, com áreas menos similares de 35% e as mais similares de 50%. Os micro-habitats encontrados em cada área de estudo evidenciam a alta diversidade beta das áreas de cangas Amazônicas, o que as tornam únicas. Portanto, ainda que o Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos não abrigue todas as espécies encontradas em outras áreas de cangas Amazônicas, ele é estratégico para a conservação dos afloramentos ferruginosos na Amazônia, protegendo a sua biodiversidade, os diferentes habitats e os serviços ecossistêmicos associados.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze and identify documented infections and possible risk factors for Clostridioides difficile infections in children with cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study, carried out in a pediatric cancer hospital, covering the years 2016–2019. Matching was performed by age and underlying disease, and for each case, the number of controls varied from 1 to 3. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors. Results: We analyzed 63 cases of documented infection by C. difficile and 125 controls. Diarrhea was present in all cases, accompanied by fever higher than 38°C in 52.4% of the patients. Mortality was similar among cases (n=4; 6.3%) and controls (n=6; 4.8%; p=0.7). In all, 71% of patients in the case group and 53% in the control group received broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to the infection. For previous use of vancomycin, the Odds Ratio for C. difficile infection was 5.4 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 2.3–12.5); for meropenem, 4.41 (95%CI 2.1–9.2); and for cefepime, 2.6 (95%CI 1.3–5.1). For the antineoplastic agents, the Odds Ratio for carboplatin was 2.7 (95%CI 1.2–6.2), melphalan 9.04 (95%CI 1.9–42.3), busulfan 16.7 (95%CI 2.1–134.9), and asparaginase 8.97 (95%CI 1.9–42.9). Conclusions: C. difficile symptomatic infection in children with cancer was associated with previous hospitalization and the use of common antibiotics in cancer patients, such as vancomycin, meropenem, and cefepime, in the last 3 months. Chemotherapy drugs, such as carboplatin, melphalan, busulfan, and asparaginase, were also risk factors.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar e identificar infecções documentadas e possíveis fatores de risco para infecções por Clostridioides difficile em crianças com câncer. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo caso-controle em um hospital pediátrico oncológico, que abrangeu os anos de 2016–2019. O pareamento foi realizado por idade e doença de base e, para cada caso, o número de controles variou de um a três. Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para avaliar os fatores de risco. Resultados: Analisamos 63 casos de infecção documentados por C. difficile e 125 controles. A diarreia esteve presente em todos os casos, acompanhada de febre acima de 38°C em 52,4% dos pacientes. A mortalidade foi semelhante entre casos (n=4, 6,3%) e controles (n=6, 4,8%; p=0,7). No grupo caso, 71% dos pacientes e, no grupo controle, 53% deles receberam antibióticos de amplo espectro antes da infecção. Para uso prévio de vancomicina, a Odds Ratio para infecção por C. difficile foi de 5,4 (intervalo de confiança [IC95%] 2,3–12,5); para meropenem, 4,41 (IC95% 2,1–9,2) e, para cefepima, 2,6 (IC95% 1,3–5,1). Para os agentes antineoplásicos, a razão de chances para carboplatina foi de 2,7 (IC95% 1,2–6,2), para melfalano de 9,04 (IC95% 1,9-42,3), para bussulfano de 16,7 (IC95% 2,1–134,9) e, para asparaginase, de 8,97 (IC95% 1,9–42,9). Conclusões: A infecção sintomática por C. difficile em crianças com câncer associou-se à internação prévia e ao uso de antibióticos como vancomicina, meropenem e cefepime nos últimos três meses. Os quimioterápicos carboplatina, melfalano, bussulfano e asparaginase também foram fatores de risco.