A mistura de tensoativos com água, em determinadas proporções, na ausência ou na presença de substâncias lipofílicas pode formar diferentes tipos de agregados, entre os quais agregados polimorfos representados pelas microemulsões (ME) e mesofases liotrópicas - os cristais líquidos (LC), que estão intimamente ligados com a proporção e a natureza dos componentes da mistura. Nesse trabalho, foi discutido o papel desses sistemas na incorporação de fármacos com diferentes propriedades físico-químicas, influenciando fortemente a liberação, assim como a biodisponibilidade dos fármacos. Aspectos sobre a formação e a caracterização de microemulsões e cristais líquidos também foram discutidos. A análise da literatura indicou que, dependendo da polaridade do fármaco, o efeito da ME ou LC pode ser usado para otimizar o efeito terapêutico por meio do controle da velocidade ou do mecanismo de liberação do fármaco.

Depending on the proportions, the mixture of surfactants with water, in the presence or absence of oil, may form different types of supramolecular aggregates. Among these, polymorphic structures represented by microemulsions (ME) and lyotropic mesophases-liquid crystals (LC), closely related with the nature and the proportion of the constituents, can exist. In this work, the role of these systems in the incorporation of drugs with different physico-chemical properties, influencing strongly the drug release as well as the bioavailability of the drugs, was discussed. Aspects about the formation and the characterization of ME and LC were also discussed. The analysis of the literature indicate that depending on the drug polarity the effect of ME or LC can be used to optimizes therapeutic effects through the control of rates and the drug release mechanisms.

Depending on formula composition, microemulsions may be used as a vehicle for drug administration. In this work the main applicable parameters used in the development of pharmaceutical microemulsions (ME) are analyzed. The conceptual description of the system, theoretical parameters related to formation of internal phases and some aspects of ME stability are described. The pseudo ternary phase diagram is used to characterize ME boundaries and to describe different structures in several regions of the diagram. Some applications of ME as drug delivery systems for different administration routes are also analyzed. ME offer advantages as drug delivery systems, because they favor drug absorption, being in most cases faster and more efficient than other methods in delivering the same amount of drug.