ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate if endophytic bacteria inoculants would be beneficial to the sugarcane varieties IACSP94-2094 and IACSP95-5000, promoting changes in photosynthesis and plant growth. The plants, obtained from mini stalks with one bud, were treated with two bacteria mixtures (inoculum I or II) or did not receive any inoculum (control plants). The inocula did not affect shoot and root dry matter accumulation as compared to the control condition (plants with native endophytic bacteria). However, photosynthesis and electron transport rate (ETR) increased in IACSP94-2094 treated with the inoculum II, whereas the inoculum I enhanced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in IACSP95-5000. The inoculum II caused increase in leaf sucrose concentration of IACSP94-2094 and decrease in IACSP95-5000 leaves. Leaf nitrogen concentration was not affected by treatments, but bacteria inoculation increased nitrate reductase activity in IACSP95-5000, and the highest activity was found in plants treated with the inoculum II. We can conclude that bacteria inoculation changed sugarcane physiology, improving photosynthesis and nitrate reduction in a genotype-dependent manner, without promoting plant growth under non-limiting conditions.

The effects of neutral detergent fiber levels (NDF) (145, 165, 185 g/kg) were assessed on the bone quality of light-weight and medium-weight laying hens. Eight hundred and forty laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two strains and three NDF levels) with four replications of 35 birds. At the end of the growth phase, birds were transferred to a laying shed in the same experimental design and each experimental plot consisted of 14 birds. For bone assessment, two birds were selected per plot in the 17th week and one bird in the 35th week for slaughter. After slaughter, drumstick and thigh (legs) were removed and after deboning of the femur and tibia, taken to measurement of their length, weight, Seedor index, resistance, deformity, dry matter, mineral residue and crude protein. The data analysis showed no significant interaction between the factors NDF level and strain for any of the variables assessed at the different phases. The NDF level in the diet did not significantly influence bone growth, quality and composition at the end of the growing and laying phases. Medium-weight birds presented larger and heavier femur and tibia, with a greater Seedor index and less deformity, ash content and protein than the light-weight birds. Resistance did not vary significantly among the strains. A diet intended for laying hens at the growth phase can contain up to 185 g/kg NDF without causing problems in bone development and quality of laying hens.

Trinta e dois cordeiros (16 machos e 16 fêmeas) deslanados mestiços de Santa Inês, criados com as matrizes em pastagem de Brachiaria humidicola e suplementados em creep-feeding no período noturno, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4x2 - quatro idades de desmame (56, 70, 84 e 98 dias) e sexo, com o objetivo de determinar a melhor idade para o desmame desses animais. Ao desmame, os cordeiros foram confinados, até completarem 126 dias de vida, em baias individuais, onde receberam feno de Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp. cv Tifton 85), água e sal mineral ad libitum e ração concentrada na proporção de 2% do peso vivo. Houve efeito significativo da interação dos fatores idade de desmame e sexo sobre GPC e GPD, em que os cordeiros desmamados aos 84 dias foram superiores às cordeiras desmamadas com a mesma idade. Não se observou efeito significativo na interação dos fatores idade de desmame e sexo sobre GPND e CAC. Verificou-se efeito quadrático da idade de desmame para as variáveis GPND, GPD e CAC. Não se observou efeito significativo do sexo em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. A idade de desmame de 76 dias proporcionou maximização dos parâmetros GPND e GPD, enquanto a CAC mais eficiente foi observada nos animais desmamados aos 72 dias.

Thirty-two crossbred Santa Inês hair sheep lambs (16 males and 16 females) bred with their female progenitors on pasture of Brachiaria humidicola grass, supplemented in creep-feeding during the night, were allotted to a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement 4 x 2, four weaning ages (56, 70, 84 and 98 days) and sex to determine the best weaning age. At weaning, the lambs were confined in individual pens until 126 days old, when were daily fed Tifton 85 hay, water and mineral salt ad libitum and concentrate diet in the proportion of 2% body weight. There was a significant effect of weaning age vs sex interaction on DWC and DWG, where the males weaned at 84 days old were heavier than the females. No significant interaction of weaning age vs sex on DWBW and CFC was detected. Quadratic effects of weaning age on DWBW, DWG and CFC were noticed. No significant effect of sex on any of the studied parameters was detected. Seventy-six days weaned lambs maximized DWBW and DWG, while the most effective CFC was observed in seventy-two days weaned animals.