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Genetic parameters and selection indices of cowpea genotypes for green grain production
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Pessoa, Angela M. dos S.

; Bertini, Cândida H. C. de M.

; Castro, Érika B. de L.

; de Freitas, Leslyene M.

; Araújo, Linda B. R.

Revista Caatinga

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jun 2023, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 310 - 319

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a legume that is grown worldwide and used for different purposes, especially as green grains. However, considering the low availability of cowpea cultivars for green grain production, selecting genotypes that have better traits for this purpose is necessary. In this context, the objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and evaluate different selection indices for identifying superior cowpea genotypes and subsidizing cowpea breeding programs focused on green grain production. A field experiment was conducted at the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brazil. The treatments consisted of 42 cowpea genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of the UFC. Fourteen traits were used for characterization. The experiment was conducted in an augmented block design with four controls. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, and genetic parameters, correlations, and selection indices were determined. The traits days to flowering (DFL), days to fruiting (DFR), green pod weight (GPW), green pod width (GW), green pod length (GPL), green pod thickness (GPT), number of grains per pod (NGP), and green grain thickness (GGT) showed heritability higher than 70%, indicating that selection in an early generation is favorable. The genetic correlations between the trait pairs DFL×DFR, GPW×GPL, and GW×GGT were higher than the phenotypic and environmental correlations. Genotypes CE-228, CE-688, CE-994, CE-165, CE-796, and BRS-Paraguaçu showed simultaneous superiority for the evaluated traits and are the most appropriate for green grain production.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi é uma das leguminosas mais cultivadas no mundo, sendo comercializado para diversas finalidades, como o feijão verde. Considerando a reduzida disponibilidade de cultivares de feijão-caupi para o mercado de feijão verde, é necessário selecionar genótipos que ofereçam características intrínsecas para este fim. Assim, objetivou-se estimar parâmetros genéticos e índice de seleção na identificação de genótipos superiores de feijão-caupi, fornecendo subsídios para programas de melhoramento visando a produção de grãos verdes. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Ceará, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram de 42 genótipos de feijão-caupi do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da UFC. Quatorze descritores foram utilizados para a caracterização. O experimento foi montado em um delineamento de blocos aumentados, com quatro testemunhas adicionais. Foi realizada análise de variância, parâmetros genéticos, correlação e índices de seleção. As características de dias para floração, dias para frutificação, peso da vagem verde, largura da vagem verde, comprimento da vagem verde, espessura da vagem verde, número de grãos por vagem e espessura do grão verde apresentaram valores de herdabilidade acima de 70%, indicando que a seleção em geração precoce com base nestas características é favorável. As correlações genéticas entre os pares de caracteres DFL×DFR, GPW×GPL, e GW×GGT foram superiores às correlações fenotípicas e ambientais. Os genótipos CE-228, CE-688, CE-994, CE-165, CE-796 e BRS-Paraguaçu apresentam superioridade simultânea para as características avaliadas e os mais adequados para o mercado de grãos e vagens verdes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n208rc

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial and Leishmanicidal Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained from Aqueous Extract of Eucalyptus grandis
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Oliveira, Lucas M. F.

; Silva, Ueveton P. da

; Braga, João Pedro V.

; Teixeira, Álvaro V. N. C.

; Ribon, Andréa O. B.

; Varejão, Eduardo V. V.

; Coelho, Eduardo A. F.

; Freitas, Camila S. de

; Teixeira, Róbson R.

; Moreira, Renata P L.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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apr 2023, Volume 34 N. 4 Pages 527 - 536

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220126

Amazonian Fruit Mari-Mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.): Identification of Flavonoids and Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Properties
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Souza, Mayane P. de

; Sá, Ingrity Suelen C.

; Freitas, Flávio Augusto de

; Souza, Afonso D. L. de

; Nunomura, Sergio M.

; Muniz, Magno P.

; Pereira, Ana Paula R.

; Augusto, Bianca O.

; Gomes, Giovana B.

; Perdomo, Renata T.

; Macedo, Maria Lígia R.

; Weber, Simone S.

; Nunomura, Rita de Cassia S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2023, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 325 - 332

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Mari-mari (Cassia leiandra Benth.) is an Amazonian native fruit that is highly appreciated in the northern region of Brazil, but there are few studies regarding its chemical composition and/or biological properties. A phytochemical study was conducted on the extracts of the pulp, peel and seeds; and their antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential were also determined. Methanol and acetone extracts from different fruit parts were subjected to total phenolic, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and FeIII reducing capacity (FRAP) assays. From the peel extracts, the engeletin and astilbin could also be isolated and characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. A quantification using ultra-fast liquid chromatography of acetone dry crude extracts (DCE) of the peel showed that engeletin was the main compound (532.77 mg g-1 DCE). Astilbin content was also determined (131.53 mg g-1 DCE). The antibacterial and antiproliferative activities were evaluated and the methanol extract of the peel showed higher growth inhibition activity against all tested bacteria. Engeletin showed a relevant antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli. Acetone and methanol peel extracts exhibited a relevant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7), with no toxicity to the normal cell line (NIH/3T3).

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220111

Evaluation of nutritional composition of flour residue of mangaba processing
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Vasconcelos, K. M. C. S. G.

; Costa, J. G.

; Pavão, J. M. S. J.

; Fonseca, S. A.

; Miranda, P. R. B.

; Matos-Rocha, T. J.

; Freitas, J. D.

; Sousa, J. S.

; Melo, I. S. V.

; Santos, A. F.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e248931

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Dentre as diversas frutas a mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), despertou interesse de produtores e consumidores devido às suas características sensoriais atrativas e propriedades benéficas à saúde (elevado valor nutricional e presença de substâncias bioativas), assim, o trabalho avaliar os fatores nutricionais do resíduo da farinha de processamento de mangaba que é desprezado pela indústria alimentícia e, a influência da temperatura na sua produção. O resíduo de processamento da mangaba foi dividido em dois lotes, sendo um deles utilizado para as análises in natura (amostra controle) e o outro para a confecção da farinha que foi seca a 50 °C, e dividida em dois lotes: tratamento A (farinha com torras a 110 °C e 130 °C) e no tratamento B (farinha oriunda da secagem a 50 °C). Analisou-se as características nutricionais de farinhas considerando os parâmetros químicos: pH, acidez total titulável e sólidos solúveis, além da determinação do teor de umidade, lipídios totais, fibra alimentar total e cinzas, valor energético total, atividade antioxidante, triagem fitoquímica, quantificação de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, bem como as propriedades funcionais tecnológicas (índice de absorção de água (IAA), índice de solubilidade em água (ISA), índice de absorção de leite (IAL) e índice de solubilidade em leite (ISL) e índice de absorção de óleo (IAO). Na análise foi inferido que os compostos bioativos presentes nos extratos não possuem propriedades significativas de agir como sequestradores de radicais livres. O tratamento térmico, realizado na farinha de resíduos de processamento de mangaba, influenciou nos dados dos fatores nutricionais e das propriedades de absorção e solubilidade, os quais apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Estes resultados credenciam a farinha como uma alternativa viável para o enriquecimento energético de dietas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, a redução do descarte desses resíduos e consequentemente para a minimização do impacto ambiental.

Abstract Among several fruits, mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), it aroused the interest of producers and consumers due to its attractive sensory characteristics and health beneficial properties (high nutritional value and presence of bioactive substances), thus, this work evaluates the nutritional factors of the flour residue of mangaba processing that is despised by the food industry, and the influence of temperature on its production. The mangaba processing residue was splited in two main groups: in natura sample (control), and other for preparation of flour that was dried at 50 °C and divided into two other groups: treatment A (flour with roasts at 110 °C and 130 °C) and treatment B (flour from drying at 50 °C). The nutritional characteristics of flours were analyzed considering the chemical parameters: pH, titratable total acidity and soluble solids, in addition to the determination of moisture content, total lipids, total dietary fiber and ash, total energy value, antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, quantification of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as technological functional properties (water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), milk absorption index (MAI) and milk solubility index (MSI) and oil absorption index (OAI). The results showed that the bioactive compounds present in the extracts do not have significant properties of acting as free radical kidnappers. The heat treatment, performed in the flour of mangaba processing residues, influenced the nutritional factors and properties of absorption and solubility, which showed statistical differences. These results show that the flour is a viable alternative for the energy enrichment of diets, contributing to the development of new products, the reduction of the disposal of these residues and consequently to the minimization of the environmental impact.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248931 116 downloads

Occurrence of clinical laminitis after adaptation to confinement: effects on morphology, density, and mineral composition of the hoof of Nellore cattle after finishing
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Freitas, Sabrina L.R.

; Queiroz, Paulo José B.

; Fernandes, Juliano José R.

; Nascente, Eduardo P.

; Santos, Adriana S.

; Nascimento, Kaique S.

; Silva, Luiz Antônio F.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07131

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Laminitis is a disease that affects the dermis and epidermis of the bovine hoof, generating changes in the hoof capsule. This study evaluated the effects of clinical laminitis diagnosed after the adaptation phase to confinement on the morphology, density, and mineral composition of the hoof of Nellore cattle after finishing. The animals were separated in the first weeks of confinement into a sick group (SG), with clinical laminitis, and a healthy group (HG). SG animals had higher heel length, dorsal wall length, toe height, and diagonal hoof length (p<0.05) than healthy animals. The dermal laminae had similar measurements for thickness, length, and spacing between them between SG and HG. Animals with laminitis showed congestion, hemorrhage, and basement membrane irregularities on histology. Computed microtomography (μCT) revealed that the hoof density of sick animals is lower than healthy ones. According to the mineral composition by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry, the hooves of animals with laminitis (SG) and healthy ones (HG) were not biochemically different. Therefore, the occurrence of clinical laminitis in Nellore cattle in the first weeks of confinement causes an increase in the morphometric parameters of the hoof capsule and a reduction in the density of the abaxial hoof wall evaluated after the finishing period. This disease does not promote changes in the histomorphometric parameters of the dermal laminae and the percentage of minerals in the abaxial hoof wall.

RESUMO: A laminite é uma doença que afeta a derme e epiderme do casco de bovinos gerando alterações no estojo córneo. O estudo avaliou os efeitos da laminite clínica diagnosticada após a fase de adaptação ao confinamento na morfologia, densidade e composição mineral do casco de bovinos da raça Nelore após terminação. Nas primeiras semanas de confinamento, os animais foram separados em um grupo doente (GD) com laminite clínica e em um grupo saudável (GS). Os animais do GD apresentaram maior comprimento de talão, comprimento da parede dorsal, altura da pinça e comprimento diagonal do casco (p<0,05) do que os saudáveis. As lâminas dérmicas tiveram medidas semelhantes para espessura, comprimento e espaçamento entre elas entre GD e GS. Animais doentes apresentaram congestão, hemorragia e irregularidades da membrana basal na histologia. A microtomografia computadorizada (μCT) revelou que a densidade do casco de animais doentes é menor do que o saudável. Para a composição mineral por meio da espectrometria de fluorescência de raio-X por dispersão de energia (ED-XRF), o casco dos animais doentes (GD) e dos saudáveis (GS), não se mostraram diferentes bioquimicamente. Conclui-se que a ocorrência de laminite clínica em bovinos da raça Nelore nas primeiras semanas de confinamento ocasiona aumento de parâmetros morfométricos do estojo córneo e redução da densidade da parede abaxial do casco, avaliados após o período de terminação. Essa enfermidade não promove modificações nos parâmetros histomorfométricos das lâminas dérmicas e na porcentagem de minerais da parede abaxial do casco.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7131

Does silicon attenuate PEG 6000-induced water deficit in germination and growth initial the seedlings corn
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Sousa, L. I. S.

; Brito, A. E. A.

; Souza, L. C.

; Teixeira, K. B. S.

; Nascimento, V. R.

; Albuquerque, G. D. P.

; Oliveira Neto, C. F.

; Okumura, R. S.

; Nogueira, G. A. S.

; Freitas, J. M. N.

; Monteiro, G. G. T. N.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e265991

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Water stress limits the initial growth and development of maize mass and grain, as well as the physiological process for absorbing the amount of mineral elements. The objective was to evaluate the effect of silicon on germination and growth of corn seedlings submitted to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory and the experimental design was completely randomized (factorial 3 × 4), with three concentrations of calcium silicate (0.0; 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and 4 solutions of PEG-6000 to simulate different osmotic potentials (0, 0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9 MPa). Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), percentage of non-germinated and abnormal germinated, length and dry matter of shoot, root and total seedlings were evaluated. Water deficiency reduced the parameters TG, GSI and MGT. The water deficit reduce the MSPA, MSR and MST with more than 80% reduction in mass from seedlings without deficiency to seedlings with deficiency. For CPA, CR and CT there was a reduction of at least 87%, 70% and 77%, respectively, among seeds without deficiency compared to seeds submitted to deficiency. The use of silicon in corn seeds did not attenuate the stress caused by water deficit simulated by PEG-6000.

Resumo O estresse hídrico limita o crescimento inicial e o desenvolvimento da massa e do grão de milho, assim como no processo fisiológico para a absorção da quantidade de elementos minerais. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do silício na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas de milho submetidas a deficiência hídrica. O experimento foi desenvolvido em laboratório e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC) (fatorial 3 × 4), sendo três concentrações de Silicato de cálcio (0,0; 1,0 e 2,0 mM) e 4 soluções de PEG-6000 a simular diferentes potenciais osmóticos (0,0; -0,3; -0,6; -0,9 MPa). Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), o tempo médio de germinação (TMG), a porcentagem de não germinadas e de germinadas anormais, o comprimento e matéria seca da parte aérea, raiz e total das plântulas. A deficiência hídrica diminuiu os parâmetros TG, IVG e TMG. O déficit hídrico reduz a MSPA, MSR e MST com mais de 80% de redução da massa das plântulas sem deficiência para as plântulas com deficiência. Para CPA, CR e CT houve redução de, no mínimo, 87%, 70% e 77%, respectivamente entre as sementes sem deficiência em comparação as sementes submetidas a deficiência. A utilização de silício em sementes de milho não atenuou o estresse causado pela deficiência hídrica simulada por PEG-6000.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.265991

Effects of Hydrogen in Stress Triaxiality of API 5L X70 Steel
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Freitas, B. B.

; Costa, L. R. O.

; Santos, T. A. A. dos

; Santos, D. S. dos

Materials Research

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2023, Volume 26 elocation e20230111

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) in API 5L X70 steel was investigated by testing notched and unnotched uniaxial tensile specimens and single-edge tension specimen, SE(T). Apparent hydrogen diffusivity (Dapp = 1.4 x 10-10 m2/s) and solubility (Sapp = 4.9 mol H/m3) were determined by electrochemical hydrogen permeation tests. Through mathematical fitting, it was possible to separate the strong traps present at the beginning of the first permeation curve (φ = 0.43 mol H/m3). Uniaxial tensile tests showed a loss of ductility of up to 33% in the hydrogenated condition. Fracture mechanics tests exhibited a toughness decrease of 14% after exposure to hydrogen. The high resistance to HE was presented suggesting that these microalloyed steels can solubilize hydrogen in the matrix with low segregation, reducing the impact on embrittlement. A mix of ductile and quasi-cleavage fracture was observed in the hydrogenated samples with an increased stress triaxiality.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2023-0111

Formulation of diets for slow-growing broilers slaughtered at different ages on carcass characteristics and composition of commercial cuts
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SILVA, LARISSA A.R.

; NASCIMENTO, KARINA MÁRCIA R. DE SOUZA

; GOMES, MARINA DE N.B.

; KIEFER, CHARLES

; COPAT, LUANNA L.P.

; SILVA, THIAGO R. DA

; CHAVES, NATÁLIA R.B.

; FREITAS, HENRIQUE B. DE

; MACIE, VIOLETA A.

; ROSA, MAURÍCIO S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 4 elocation e20191374

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the effects of a diet formulated with industrial amino acids and a commercial vitamin-mineral mixture on the characteristics of carcass and meat cuts of slow-growing broilers slaughtered at different ages. The experiment involved 600 one-day-old male and female white Naked Neck chicks. The chicks were allotted randomly to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of two diets and three slaughter ages, in a completely randomized experimental design with five replicates of 20 birds each. The experimental period was 84 days. Six chicks were selected and slaughtered on the first day, and then at 56, 70 and 84 days of age 10 birds unit was selected and slaughtered per experimental period. Weight and yield of carcass, abdominal fat and breast, thigh and drumstick meat were determined. Additionally, moisture, protein, fat and mineral matter contents and protein and fat deposition in the breast, drumstick and thigh muscles were determined. The diet did not influence the yields of carcass, abdominal fat, or meat cuts or the nutritional composition of meat. Slaughter age influenced the yields of breast and thigh meat and abdominal fat; the protein content of breast meat; and the moisture, crude protein, fat, and mineral matter contents of drumstick and thigh meat. There was an interaction effect between diet and slaughter age for protein deposition in breast meat. The age factor influenced fat deposition in the drumstick muscles. Protein deposition in the thigh muscles was influenced by the diet. Moreover, a difference was observed between the ages for protein and fat deposition in the thigh muscle. In conclusion, the use of a commercial mixture in the diet results in decreased protein deposition in the breast and thigh muscles, although this difference does not affect the characteristics of carcass or meat cuts. Birds slaughtered at 70 days exhibit similar carcass characteristics to those of birds slaughtered at 84 days, indicating the possibility of an earlier slaughter age.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320191374

Influence of the Local Structure on the Photocatalytic Properties of Zinc Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles
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Biazati, Luciana B.

; Lorenzini, Lucas

; Ferreira, Sandra A. D.

; Porto, Arilza O.

; Castro, Eustáquio V. R. de

; Fabris, José D.

; Freitas, Marcos B. J. G. de

; Lelis, Maria de Fátima F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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feb 2022, Volume 33 N. 2 Pages 135 - 142

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The correlation between iron distribution in octahedral or tetrahedral sites in synthetic magnetite and zinc spinel ferrites and their catalytic properties were investigated in this work. The zinc-doped nanomagnetites were prepared by co-precipitation method and annealed at 420 °C. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, X-ray absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies were used to identify iron sites. The obtained results showed that ZnII replaces the relatively smaller FeIII cation in the tetrahedral sites, increasing the cubic lattice dimension, and this replacement remarkably enhances the catalytic effectiveness of the Zn-spinel ferrite towards the indigo carmine degradation compared to undoped magnetite. The indigo carmine degradation experiments were carried out using photo-Fenton method in which 50 mL of indigo carmine dye aqueous solutions (20 mg L−1, pH 3.0), 20 mg ZnxFe(3-x)O4, and 2.0 mL H2O2 (aqueous solution at 0.028 mol L−1) were placed under UV light at 25 °C. Under these experimental conditions the degradation rate of indigo carmine was superior to 98%.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210130

10.

Photocatalytic Performance of Ta2O5/BiVO4 Heterojunction for Hydrogen Production and Methylene Blue Photodegradation
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Gonçalves, Henrique B.

; Freitas, Denilson V.

; Souza, Emanuely J.

; Melo, Mauricio A.

; Gonzalez-Moya, Johan R.

; Padrón-Hernández, Eduardo

; Khan, Sherdil

; Machado, Giovanna

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2022, Volume 33 N. 8 Pages 894 - 905

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Forming semiconductor heterojunction is promising for improved photocatalytic performance due to synergistic combination of the best properties of each material. The present study reports a simple hydrothermal strategy to form n-n heterojunction of Ta2O5 nanotubes and BiVO4 microstructures. The Ta2O5/BiVO4 heterojunctions were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated by hydrogen production and photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm2) condition. The heterojunctions have optical absorption in the visible region (200 500 nm) with crystal structures defined as monoclinic for BiVO4 and orthogonal for Ta2O5. For MB photodegradation, the Ta2O5/BiVO4 obtained via hydrothermal route showed a photodegradation of 72.3%, compared to 28.3% presented by the sample produced through the mechanical mixture, with the maintenance of 86.4% of its photocatalytic performance after 3 cycles of photodegradation. For H2 production, hydrothermally prepared Ta2O5/BiVO4 generated 10.2 μmol g-1 of H2 in 3 h; while Ta2O5 nanotubes and mechanical Ta2O5/BiVO4 mixture shows 6.82 and 2.80 μmol g-1, respectively. The results suggest that Ta2O5/BiVO4 is a promising material for applications in photocatalysis, promoting sustainable energy production through hydrogen and for the treatment of effluents containing cationic dyes.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220002

11.

Mitigation of the effects of salt stress in cowpea bean through the exogenous aplication of brassinosteroid
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Sousa, D. J. P.

; Nogueira, G. A. S.

; Teixeira, K. B. S.

; Monteiro, G. G. T. N.

; Brito, A. E. A.

; Nascimento, V. R.

; Albuquerque, G. D. P.

; Oliveira, T. J. M.

; Souza, L. C.

; Freitas, J. M. N.

; Oliveira Neto, C. F.

; Okumura, R. S.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e260818

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) é uma leguminosa amplamente cultivada por pequenos, médios e grandes produtores em diversas regiões brasileiras. No entanto, uma das preocupações para a produção de feijão-caupi no Brasil nos últimos anos é a baixa atividade pluviométrica nessas regiões, o que gera o acúmulo de sais na superfície. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse salino nos parâmetros de crescimento e atividade enzimática em plantas de feijão-caupi em diferentes concentrações de brassinosteróides. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 3. Os tratamentos consistiram de três níveis de brassinosteróides (0, 3 e 6 µM EBL) e três níveis de estresse salino (0, 50 e 100 mM NaCl). Os fatores de crescimento (altura, diâmetro e número de folhas) diminuíram na condição salina. Com a presença do brassinosteroide a altura não aumentou, mas o número de folhas sim, principalmente na dosagem salina de 100 mM NaCl. Na variável integridade de membrana, o brassinosteróide foi eficiente em ambas as dosagens de salinidade, o mesmo não ocorrendo com o teor relativo de água, onde a condição salina não afetou a quantidade de água na hortaliça, com a aplicação de brassino manteve-se elevada, diminuindo apenas na dosagem de NaCl 100 mM. A enzima nitrato redutase foi bastante afetada no sistema radicular mesmo com a aplicação de doses crescentes de brassino. Portanto, o uso de brassinosteroides como promotor de tolerância salina em plântulas de feijão-caupi foi positivo. A concentração de 3µM de EBL proporcionou o efeito mais satisfatório em tolerar os efeitos deletérios da condição salina. O mesmo não pode ser concluído para a concentração de 6µM de EBL que não promoveu tolerância a algumas variáveis.

Abstract Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume widely cultivated by small, medium and large producers in several Brazilian regions. However, one of the concerns for the production of cowpea in Brazil in recent years is the low rainfall activity in these regions, which generates the accumulation of salts on the surface. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on growth parameters and enzyme activity in cowpea plants at different concentrations of brassinosteroids. Experiment was developed in a greenhouse using a completely randomized experimental design in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of three levels of brassinosteroids (0, 3 and 6 µM EBL) and three levels of salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). Growth factors (height, diameter and number of leaves) decreased in the saline condition. With the presence of brassinosteroid the height did not increase, but the number of leaves did, mainly in the saline dosage of 100 mM NaCl. In the variable membrane integrity, brassinosteroid was efficient in both salinity dosages, the same not happening with the relative water content, where the saline condition did not affect the amount of water in the vegetable, with the application of brassino it remained high, decreasing only at dosage 100 mM NaCl. The nitrate reductase enzyme was greatly affected in the root system even with the application of increasing doses of brassino. Therefore, brassinosteroids as a promoter of saline tolerance in cowpea seedlings was positive. The concentration of 3µM of EBL provided the most satisfactory effect in tolerating the deleterious effects of the saline condition. The same cannot be concluded for the concentration of 6µM of EBL that did not promote tolerance to some variables.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.260818

12.

Histological biomarkers and biometric data on trahira Hoplias malabaricus (Pisces, Characiformes, Erythrinidae): a bioindicator species in the Mearim river, Brazilian Amazon
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Freitas, L. C.

; Silva, J. L. C.

; Pinheiro-Sousa, D. B.

; Santos, D. M. S.

; Benjamin, L. A.

; Oliveira, S. R. S.

; Moreno, L. C. G. A. I.

; Carvalho-Neta, R. N. F.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e263047

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de contaminação ambiental em uma área protegida na Amazônia brasileira. Para isso, foram escolhidas duas áreas ao longo do rio Mearim: a área de referência (A1) e a área potencialmente contaminada (A2), onde foram coletadas amostras de água, para análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas, além de espécimes de Hoplias malabaricus, para avaliação de dados biométricos e incidência de lesões branquiais. As análises físico-químicas da água de ambas as áreas mostraram contaminação (baixos níveis de oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez e altas concentrações de ferro, principalmente em A2). As análises microbiológicas mostraram que todas as amostras de água apresentaram valores de coliformes totais superiores aos aceitáveis pelo CONAMA e OMS (com valores superiores em A2), além de valores de E. coli superiores aos permitidos pela legislação em A2. Em relação aos dados biométricos, os peixes machos e fêmeas foram significativamente maiores e mais pesados em A1 durante as estações seca e chuvosa e o índice gonadossomático também apresentou valores maiores em A1 do que em A2 em ambas as estações. H. malabaricus apresentaram lesões branquiais de importância patológica mínima a moderada em A1 e A2, indicando que espécimes de ambas as áreas do rio Mearim apresentaram respostas biológicas à contaminação. As mudanças observadas na qualidade da água, nos parâmetros biométricos e nas análises histológicas dos espécimes de H. malabaricus refletem diretamente na qualidade e saúde dos peixes do Rio Mearim, e apontam para a necessidade urgente de prevenção e remediação da contaminação desses ecossistemas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of environmental contamination in a protected area in the Brazilian Amazon. For this, two areas were chosen along the Mearim River: the reference area (A1) and the potentially contaminated area (A2), where water samples were collected, for physicochemical and microbiological analyses, as well as specimens of Hoplias malabaricus, for the evaluation of biometric data and incidence of branchial lesions. The physicochemical analyzes of the water from both areas showed contamination (low levels of dissolved oxygen, tubidity and high iron concentrations, especially in A2). The microbiological analyzes showed that all water samples showed total coliform values higher than those acceptable by CONAMA and WHO (with higher values in A2), in addition to E. coli values higher than those allowed by legislation in A2. Regarding biometric data, male and female fishes were significantly longer and heavier in A1 during the dry and rain seasons and the gonadosomatic index also showed higher values in A1 than in A2 in both seasons. H. malabaricus showed gill lesions of minimal to moderate pathological importance in A1 and A2, indicating that specimens from both areas of the Mearim River showed biological responses to contamination. The observed changes in the water quality, bimetic parameters and the histological analyzes of the specimens of H. malabaricus directly reflect on the quality and health of the fishes in the Mearim River, and point to the urgent need for prevention and remediation of contamination in these ecosystems.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.263047

13.

Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in Ormosia arborea are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit?
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Bastos, S. S.

; Scalon, S. P. Q.

; Souza, A. P. R.

; Dresch, D. M.

; Junglos, F. S.

; Scalon, L. Q.

; Mussury, R. M.

; Freitas, V. M. B.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e244331

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido abscísico (ABA) nas trocas gasosas e na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes de mudas de Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms sob deficiência hídrica e sua influência no potencial de recuperação das mudas. O experimento foi conduzido com quatro tratamentos, sendo eles irrigação diária ou restrição hídrica sem e com 10 μM ABA. As mudas sob déficit hídrico + ABA apresentaram maior ajuste à seca e ao serem re-irrigadas restabeleceram o metabolismo fotossintético e o potencial hídrico. O ABA minimizou a redução do metabolismo fotossintético e do potencial da água na folha, porém, não aumentou a atividade antioxidante de mudas de O. arborea sob déficit hídrico. Esses resultados sugerem que esta espécie apresenta plasticidade fisiológica, o que lhe permite sobreviver em ambientes sujeitos a déficit hídrico temporário, independente da suplementação de ABA. Sugerimos que outras doses de ABA sejam avaliadas para ampliar os efeitos benéficos do ABA sobre esta espécie.

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on gas exchange and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms seedlings under water deficit and its influence on the recovery potential of the seedlings. The experiment was conducted using four treatments, being daily irrigation or water restriction without and with 10 μM ABA. Seedlings under water deficit + ABA showed greater adjustment to drought, and when re-irrigated, they restored photosynthetic metabolism and water potential. ABA minimizes the reduction in the photosynthetic metabolism and water potential of the leaf, however, it does not increase the antioxidant activity of the O. arborea seedlings under water deficit. These results suggest that this species exhibits plasticity, which enables it to survive also in environments subjected to temporary water deficit regardless of the supplementation of ABA. We suggest that other doses of ABA be researched to expand the beneficial effect of ABA on this species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.244331 239 downloads

14.

Effects of Iron on oxidative stress of Cecropia hololeuca and Carica papaya plants
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RODRIGUES FILHO, JOSINEI

; CORTE, VIVIANA B.

; PERIN, IDALINA T.A.L.

; FREITAS, JADERSON F.N. DE

; WAICHERT, RODOLPHO H.

; SANTOS, CAMILA R. DOS

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20211098

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Iron is essential to plant development. However, its excess can provoke an increase in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in plants. The objective of this work was to verify the effects of high concentrations of iron on the oxidative stress of seeds and young plants of Cecropia hololeuca and Carica papaya. The species were submitted to concentrations of 0.045, 4 and 8mM of iron in the form of ferrous sulfate and FeEDTA. The experiments of germination and initial growth took place in a growth chamber, with temperature of 25ºC and 12h photoperiod. We performed the lipid peroxidation test by extraction and quantification of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The application of iron did not cause a significant elevation in the contents of malonaldehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the germination of C. hololeuca and C. papaya. In the young plants, the hydrogen peroxide did not change in any of the treatments. However, it was possible to observe an expressive increase in malonaldehyde concentration in both species when exposed to FeEDTA 4 to 8mM. The results indicate a sensibility of C. hololeuca and C. papaya to high iron levels, amplifying the oxidative stress process that can harm their growth and initial development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211098

15.

Use of non-invasive stimulation in movement disorders: a critical review
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Godeiro, Clecio

; França, Carina

; Carra, Rafael Bernhart

; Saba, Felipe

; Saba, Roberta

; Maia, Débora

; Brandão, Pedro

; Allam, Nasser

; Rieder, Carlos R. M.

; Freitas, Fernando Cini

; Capato, Tamine

; Spitz, Mariana

; Faria, Danilo Donizete de

; Cordellini, Marcela

; Veiga, Beatriz A. A. G.

; Rocha, Maria Sheila G.

; Maciel, Ricardo

; Melo, Lucio B. De

; Möller, Patricia D. S.

; R. R. Júnior, Magno

; Fornari, Luís H. T.

; Mantese, Carlos E.

; Barbosa, Egberto Reis

; Munhoz, Renato P.

; Coletta, Marcus Vinicius Della

; Cury, Rubens Gisbert

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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jul 2021, Volume 79 N. 7 Pages 630 - 646

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução: A estimulação não-invasiva tem sido amplamente utilizada nos últimos 30 anos no estudo e no tratamento de um grande número de doenças neurológicas, incluindo distúrbios do movimento. Objetivos: Nesta revisão crítica, discutimos o embasamento científico do uso da estimulação não-invasiva em distúrbios do movimento e as evidências científicas dos principais ensaios clínicos realizados. Métodos: Um grupo de especialistas realizou uma revisão crítica abrangente da literatura a fim de analisar as principais aplicações da estimulação magnética transcraniana (EMT) e da estimulação transcraniana por corrente contínua (ETCC) em distúrbios do movimento. As classes de evidência e de recomendação foram descritas para cada doença. Resultados: Apesar da grande variabilidade da metodologia e baixo efeito clínico, a EMT é provavelmente eficaz para o tratamento dos sintomas motores e da depressão na doença de Parkinson. A eficácia em outros distúrbios do movimento ainda é incerta. A EMT é possivelmente eficaz para o tratamento da distonia focal da mão, do tremor essencial e da ataxia cerebelar. No entanto, é provavelmente ineficaz na redução dos tiques na síndrome de Tourette. Finalmente, a ETCC é provavelmente eficaz na melhora da marcha na doença de Parkinson. Conclusões: As evidências até o momento sugerem que a estimulação não-invasiva pode ser benéfica para o alívio de alguns sintomas em determinados distúrbios do movimento como a doença de Parkinson, o tremor essencial, a distonia e a ataxia. Os protocolos de aplicação e paradigmas de estimulação ainda precisam ser investigados em ensaios clínicos maiores, assim como os seus efeitos a longo prazo.

Abstract Background: Noninvasive stimulation has been widely used in the past 30 years to study and treat a large number of neurological diseases, including movement disorders. Objective: In this critical review, we illustrate the rationale for use of these techniques in movement disorders and summarize the best medical evidence based on the main clinical trials performed to date. Methods: A nationally representative group of experts performed a comprehensive review of the literature in order to analyze the key clinical decision-making factors driving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in movement disorders. Classes of evidence and recommendations were described for each disease. Results: Despite unavoidable heterogeneities and low effect size, TMS is likely to be effective for treating motor symptoms and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The efficacy in other movement disorders is unclear. TMS is possibly effective for focal hand dystonia, essential tremor and cerebellar ataxia. Additionally, it is likely to be ineffective in reducing tics in Tourette syndrome. Lastly, tDCS is likely to be effective in improving gait in PD. Conclusions: There is encouraging evidence for the use of noninvasive stimulation on a subset of symptoms in selected movement disorders, although the means to optimize protocols for improving positive outcomes in routine clinical practice remain undetermined. Similarly, the best stimulation paradigms and responder profile need to be investigated in large clinical trials with established therapeutic and assessment paradigms that could also allow genuine long-term benefits to be determined.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0381 427 downloads

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