A new approach to dengue vector surveillance based on permanent egg-collection using a modified ovitrap and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(Bti) was evaluated in different urban landscapes in Recife, Northeast Brazil. From April 2004 to April 2005, 13 egg-collection cycles of four weeks were carried out. Geo-referenced ovitraps containing grass infusion, Bti and three paddles were placed at fixed sampling stations distributed over five selected sites. Continuous egg-collections yielded more than four million eggs laid into 464 sentinel-ovitraps over one year. The overall positive ovitrap index was 98.5% (over 5,616 trap observations). The egg density index ranged from 100 to 2,500 eggs per trap-cycle, indicating a wide spread and high density of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding populations in all sites. Fluctuations in population density over time were observed, particularly a marked increase from January on, or later, according to site. Massive egg-collection carried out at one of the sites prevented such a population outbreak. At intra-site level, egg counts made it possible to identify spots where the vector population is consistently concentrated over the time, pinpointing areas that should be considered high priority for control activities. The results indicate that these could be promising strategies for detecting and preventing Ae. aegypti population outbreaks.

A caracterização protéica dos extratos de larvas infectantes (L3) de Wuchereria bancrofti foi realizada por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, em presença de dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) e o reconhecimento antigênico das proteínas por Western-blot. O maior número de bandas protéicas reconhecidas foi evidenciado nos extratos AgSE (105, 100, 76, 55, 49, 39 e 32 kDa) e AgS (100, 76, 55, e 49 kDa) na presença de soros de indivíduos endêmicos normais. As bandas de 49 e 55 kDa foram reconhecidas pelos soros dos microfilarêmicos, endêmicos normais (residentes de área endêmica livres de infecção filarial) e portadores da forma crônica da doença. As larvas infectantes foram obtidas pela dissecção de mosquitos Culex quinquefasciatus infectados com sangue microfilarêmico de voluntários portadores de microfilaremia, residentes do Município de Olinda-PE. Nos 792 indivíduos investigados pela técnica da gota espessa mensurada (60µl de sangue) 87 foram positivos (11%). A diferenca da positividade entre homens e mulheres não foi significativa e a faixa etária de 11 a 19 anos foi a de maior prevalência.

A study of protein characterization and recognition of the antigenic profile was accomplished in extracts of infective larvae (L3) from Wuchereria bancrofti. Two proteins of relative molecular weight of 49 and 55 kDa were recognized as antigenic in all extracts by the tested sera. The secretory/excretory antigen presented the largest number of recognized bands (105, 100, 76, 55, 49, 39 and 32 kDa) followed by the somatic antigen (100, 76, 55 and 49 kDa) when incubated with pools of sera from healthy individuals resident in endemic areas (normal endemics). Human sera and parasitized blood used to infect mosquitoes in order to obtain L3, were collected from microfilaraemic individuals living in a filariasis endemic area. From 792 persons screened with the thick smear technique, 87 (11%) were positive. No statistical significance was observed between genders. The group between 11 and 19 years of age presented higher percentage of infection (36.8%).

Um projeto piloto para o controle da filariose bancroftiana foi desenvolvido em duas áreas do Recife, com índices iniciais de prevalência de microfilaremia de 10%. Nas duas áreas, foi aplicado tratamento em massa com doses baixas de dietilcarbamazina. Em uma das áreas, esse tratamento foi associado ao controle do vetor, integrando medidas físicas, como o uso de camadas flutuantes de esferas de poliestireno, ao tratamento periódico dos criadouros com a bactéria entomopatógena Bacillus sphaericus. Como resultado, a densidade populacional do vetor, da ordem de sessenta a 120 Culex/quarto/noite antes das intervenções, foi drasticamente reduzida, mantendo-se, durante dois anos, em valores entre quatro e 16 Culex/quarto/noite. Neste contexto, as ações para envolver a comunidade escolar local no controle do vetor resultaram na realização de atividades curriculares e extraclasses, culminando com a participação efetiva de grupos de alunos ("Vigilantes de Vetores") na aplicação das medidas de controle e na divulgação de conhecimentos básicos sobre a biologia do Culex quinquefasciatus. O entusiástico envolvimento de professores e alunos mostrou ser a escola um espaço aberto à participação em programas desta natureza.

A pilot study for the control of Bancroftian filariasis transmission was developed in two areas of Recife, Brazil, where microfilaraemic prevalence was 10% in 1991. Mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) using low and spaced doses was employed in both areas. In one such instance, DEC therapy was associated with vector control using physical measures and periodic treatment of Culex breeding sites with the entomopathogen Bacillus sphaericus. The vector population density, reaching 60 120 Culex/room /night before the intervention, was drastically reduced to 4 16 Culex/room/night, and maintained at this level for more than two years. Actions to engage the local school community in the vector control process were implemented, and as a consequence several classroom and extracurricular activities were put into practice, culminating with the effective participation of a team of students called the "Vector Vigilantes", in the application of control measures against the vector. The enthusiastic involvement of schoolteachers and students pointed to schools as a place amenable to programs such as this.

Um projeto piloto para o controle da filariose bancroftiana foi desenvolvido em duas áreas do Recife, com índices iniciais de prevalência de microfilaremia de 10%. Nas duas áreas, foi aplicado tratamento em massa com doses baixas de dietilcarbamazina. Em uma das áreas, esse tratamento foi associado ao controle do vetor, integrando medidas físicas, como o uso de camadas flutuantes de esferas de poliestireno, ao tratamento periódico dos criadouros com a bactéria entomopatógena Bacillus sphaericus. Como resultado, a densidade populacional do vetor, da ordem de sessenta a 120 Culex/quarto/noite antes das intervenções, foi drasticamente reduzida, mantendo-se, durante dois anos, em valores entre quatro e 16 Culex/quarto/noite. Neste contexto, as ações para envolver a comunidade escolar local no controle do vetor resultaram na realização de atividades curriculares e extraclasses, culminando com a participação efetiva de grupos de alunos ("Vigilantes de Vetores") na aplicação das medidas de controle e na divulgação de conhecimentos básicos sobre a biologia do Culex quinquefasciatus. O entusiástico envolvimento de professores e alunos mostrou ser a escola um espaço aberto à participação em programas desta natureza.

A pilot study for the control of Bancroftian filariasis transmission was developed in two areas of Recife, Brazil, where microfilaraemic prevalence was 10% in 1991. Mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) using low and spaced doses was employed in both areas. In one such instance, DEC therapy was associated with vector control using physical measures and periodic treatment of Culex breeding sites with the entomopathogen Bacillus sphaericus. The vector population density, reaching 60 120 Culex/room /night before the intervention, was drastically reduced to 4 16 Culex/room/night, and maintained at this level for more than two years. Actions to engage the local school community in the vector control process were implemented, and as a consequence several classroom and extracurricular activities were put into practice, culminating with the effective participation of a team of students called the "Vector Vigilantes", in the application of control measures against the vector. The enthusiastic involvement of schoolteachers and students pointed to schools as a place amenable to programs such as this.

The effects of radiation on the reproductive capacity and the longevity of Panstrongylus magistus were studied. An indirect correlation between longevity and radiation doses was observed. Males were more affected than females. Longevity of females submitted to 10 Gy was not different when compared to controls. Some of the irradiated males copulated and in these cases semen was transferred to females, but only few eggs were laid. Fertility was seriously affected in all irradiated groups, decreasing with increasing intensity of dose. The dose of 80 Gy induced sterility in males and females. Gelatinous spermatophores that were expelled by females irradiated with 20 and 40 Gy, may be a consequence of irradiation that induced modification in the bursa copulatrix pH.

When 4th instar nymphs of Panstrongylus megistus are fed with a saturant blood meal, there is an intense proliferation of the spermatogonia. At the end of the intermoult, the older spermatogonial cysts differentiate into 1st primary spermatocyte cysts. In the nymphs deprived of the blood meal this evolution is not observed, but a small growth of the testicular follicles occurs, due to a few mitotic divisions. This growth is observed at least, until 25 days after ecdysis. Since day 15, an autolytic process starts in the older spermatogonial cysts. The presence of exogenous juvenile hormone III (JH III) does not promote the development of the germ cells in the fasting insects. There is only a small growth of the testicular follicles and the autolytic process is also observed. In the precocious adults obtained by allatectomy or precocene II treatment, germ cells are observed in all development stages, except packed and elongated spermatozoa bundels.