RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la eficacia de diferentes principios activos de preemergencia sobre la supresión del banco de semillas de malezas y el crecimiento de la soya. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en una finca de producción agrícola comercial ubicada en el municipio de Brejo (MA, Brasil), durante la cosecha 2019/2020. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con nueve tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en el control (sin aplicación de preemergencia), S-metolaclor, flumioxazin + imazetapir, flumioxazin, imazetapir, trifluralin, diclosulam, diclosulam + imazetapir, y clomazona + carfentrazone-etil. Se realizaron estudios fitosociológicos antes y después de la siembra (10 y 36 d después de la aplicación - DDA) para controlar la competencia entre malezas. Se identificaron 19 especies de malezas, distribuidas en 17 géneros y 13 familias botánicas. Las especies Scoparia dulcis, Richardia scabra y Cyperus iria obtuvieron los índices fitosociológicos más altos (123.77, 28.62 y 28.29, respectivamente), estimados a los 36 DDA. La flumioxazina y el diclosulam fueron los más eficientes en la supresión de la competencia de malezas, con solo 15.63 y 16.13 plantas m-2. Las puntuaciones más altas de fitotoxicidad (3.0) se encontraron a los 10 DDA con la aplicación de S-metolaclor, flumioxazina + imazetapir, trifluralina y diclosulam + imazetapir. Se recomienda el control preemergente con flumioxazina y diclosulam para las condiciones edafoclimáticas en la mesorregión este del estado de Maranhão, Brasil.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of different pre-emergence active ingredients on the suppression of the weed seed bank and the growth of soybeans. The experiments were carried out on a commercial farm located in Brejo (MA, Brazil), during the 2019/2020 harvest. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of control (without pre-emergence application), s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, flu-mioxazin, imazethapyr, trifluralin, diclosulam, diclosulam + imazethapyr, and clomazone + carfentrazone-ethyl. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in pre- and post-planting (10 and 36 d after application - DAA) to control weed competition. Nineteen species of weeds were identified, distributed in 17 genera and 13 botanical families. The species Scoparia dulcis, Richardia scabra, and Cyperus iria exhibited the highest phy-tosociological indices (123.77, 28.62, and 28.29, respectively), estimated at 36 DAA. Flumioxazin and diclosulam were the most efficient in suppressing weed competition, with only 15.63 and 16.13 plants m-2. The highest phytotoxicity scores (3.0) were found at 10 DAA with the application of s-metolachlor, flumioxazin + imazethapyr, trifluralin, and diclosulam + imazethapyr. The pre-emergent control using flumioxazin and diclosulam is recommended for the edaphoclimatic conditions in the Eastern mesoregion of the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hepatite C é uma doença infecciosa que afeta cerca de 170 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Além da doença hepática, o vírus causa manifestações extra-hepáticas como a neuropatia periférica e a crioglobulinemia mista essencial. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o caso de um paciente portador do vírus da hepatite C que desenvolveu no curso da doença um quadro de crioglobulinemia associado à neuropatia periférica. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 62 anos, portador de hepatite C subtipo 1b, diagnosticada há mais de 10 anos, com provável contágio após procedimento cirúrgico em joelho direito. Apresentou inicialmente episódios de dor tipo "choque" acompanhado de parestesias em mãos e pés com padrão bota-luva, contínua, associado à fenômeno de Raynaud e petéquias em membros inferiores. Evoluiu ao longo dos anos com déficit motor em nervo fibular esquerdo levando a quadro de pé caído. A pesquisa de crioglobulinas plasmáticas foi positiva. A dor se tornou contínua, intensa, simétrica, localizada no terço distal e face lateral dos membros inferiores. Quando foi solicitada avaliação pela equipe multidisciplinar de dor e reabilitação, associado à pulsoterapia foi prescrito tramadol (50 mg) a cada 6h e gabapentina (900 mg/dia) com resolução total do quadro doloroso em algumas semanas. Foram necessários o uso de órtese e reabilitação diária por vários meses. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento multimodal com diferentes classes de fármacos associado à reabilitação adequada realizados o mais precocemente possível está diretamente relacionado à melhor prognóstico deste tipo de neuropatia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepatitis C is an infectious disease affecting approximately 170 million people worldwide. In addition to the liver disease, the virus causes extra-liver manifestations, such as peripheral neuropathy and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. This study aimed at presenting a case of a patient with hepatitis C virus who developed cryoglobulinemia associated to peripheral neuropathy. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 62 years old, with hepatitis C subtype 1 diagnosed more than 10 years ago, with possible contamination after right knee surgical procedure. He presented initially "shock"-type pain episodes followed by hands and feet continuous paresthesia in boot-glove pattern, associated to Raynaud phenomenon and lower limbs petechiae. He evolved along the years with motor deficit in left fibular nerve leading to foot-drop. Plasma cryoglobulines test was positive. Pain became continuous, severe, symmetric, located in the distal third and lateral face of lower limbs. When the evaluation of the multidisciplinary pain and rehabilitation team was asked, tramadol (50 mg) every 6 hours and gabapentin (900 mg/day) were prescribed in association to pulse therapy with total resolution of pain in some weeks. Orthosis and daily rehabilitation were needed for several months. CONCLUSION: As early as possible, multimodal treatment with different classes of drugs associated to adequate rehabilitation is directly associated to a better prognosis for this type of neuropathy.

HTLV-I is associated with a broad spectrum of manifestations, including tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Arnold Chiari syndrome is a condition characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. This condition should be suspected in all patients with headache and impaired motor coordination. Syringomyelia is a developmental anomaly that leads to the formation of an intramedullary cavity. Its clinical presentation is classically characterized by syringomyelic dissociation of sensation, with suspended distribution in the proximal portion of the trunk and upper limbs and preservation in other regions. We report here a case of association of the three diseases, which is rare in clinical practice, illustrating the difficulty in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of these conditions.