Abstract The evolution of reproductive strategies depends on the relative balance between current benefits and future costs. Geographic variation in demographic and ecological factors has the potential to affect reproductive strategies by altering this optimal cost-benefit balance. Here, we studied a population of the harvestmen Discocyrtus prospicuus inhabiting an environment never studied before in this context: a tidal freshwater wetland. We made monthly observations of male-female interactions and their association with egg clutches during a two-year field survey. Our results do not match the expected pattern for this species, consisting of males deserting females immediately after copulation, and females laying isolated eggs and abandoning them after oviposition. Conversely, we show for the first-time pairs D. prospicuus, formed by a female and a male, resting together before and after oviposition. Females of this wetland population lay the eggs in small clutches and some of the clutches had eggs in more than one stage of development. Also, we found many females alone over or near the egg clutch in the typical resting position. These findings markedly widen the behavioral specter previously reported for this species and set the stage for future research to determine the causes of these variations.

Abstract: The global euphoria surrounding Coronavirus has forced us to rethink certain analytical links between uncertainty and fear, practical reality and hyperreal false certainty, as well as between science, politics, the media, common sense and public opinion. New social relationships have been established. It is possible to identify them in the form of a new social prophylaxis and a greater fear of contact between people, apprehensions associated with the fears already internalized since the time of AIDS and the experience of terrorism. Uncertainty and false certainties have gained even more ground despite the rise of the information society and the political measures undertaken for its eventual containment. Simmel’s pioneering sociology, Jakobs’s analysis of the “penal theory of the enemy,” hyperreality according to Baudrillard, and the notions of catastrophe and uncertainty support the following reflection on the implications and recent changes brought about by the global pandemic.

Resumen: La euforia global en torno al coronavirus nos ha impuesto repensar ciertos vínculos analíticos entre la incertidumbre y el miedo, la realidad práctica y la falsa certidumbre hiperreal, así como entre ciencia, política, medios de comunicación, sentido común y opinión pública. Nuevas relaciones sociales se han establecido y es posible identificarlas bajo la forma de una nueva profilaxis social y un mayor temor al contacto entre las personas, aprensiones asociadas a los miedos muy bien internalizados desde los tiempos del sida y la experiencia del terrorismo. La incertidumbre y falsas certidumbres han ganado aún más terreno a pesar del auge de la sociedad de la información y de las medidas políticas emprendidas para su eventual contención. La pionera sociología de Simmel, los análisis en torno a la “teoría penal del enemigo” de Jakobs, la hiperrealidad según Baudrillard y las nociones de catástrofe e incertidumbre sustentan la siguiente reflexión sobre las implicaciones y los cambios recientes suscitados por la pandemia global.

Abstract Background Background and Aims: “Bacanora” is a spirit drink that uses mainly wild populations of Agave angustifolia as raw material, which require conservation strategies due to their overuse. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological variation and the content of total reducing sugars and fructans in the stem of A. angustifolia in conserved wild populations from Sonora, Mexico. Methods: Three conserved wild populations of A. angustifolia were studied by 29 variables related to morphological characters, phenological maturity indicators, and the content of reducing sugars and fructans. Key results: The content of fructans and total reducing sugars in the stem presented an average of 22.6 and 32.7 g/100 g (dry basis) respectively, with a significant variation among wild populations (p<0.05). Of the 29 variables evaluated, a principal component analysis indicated that 51.9% of the data variance is explained with four components. A discriminant canonical analysis with the 16 variables that showed the greatest relationship with the four main components defined the grouping of the populations. Two canonical functions significantly separated (p<0.001) the three wild agave populations and represented 100% of the total variance. Conclusions: The variables with the greatest contribution and relative importance associated with each population were the development of the inflorescence, the content of total reducing sugars in the stem, as well as the tone and color saturation of leaves.

Resumen Antecedentes y Objetivos: “Bacanora” es una bebida espirituosa que emplea como materia prima principalmente las poblaciones silvestres de Agave angustifolia, las cuales requieren estrategias de conservación debido a su sobre aprovechamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la variación morfológica y el contenido de azúcares reductores totales y fructanos del tallo de A. angustifolia proveniente de poblaciones silvestres conservadas en Sonora, México. Métodos: Se estudiaron tres poblaciones silvestres conservadas de A. angustifolia, en Sonora, México, en 29 variables relacionadas con las características morfológicas, indicadores de madurez fenológica y el contenido de azúcares reductores y fructanos. Resultados clave: El contenido de fructanos y azúcares reductores totales del tallo presentaron un promedio de 22.6 y 32.7 g/100 g (base seca) respectivamente; con una variación significativa entre las poblaciones silvestres (p<0.05). De las de 29 variables evaluadas, el estudio de componentes principales indicó que con cuatro componentes se explica 51.9% de la varianza de los datos. El análisis canónico discriminante de las 16 variables que mostraron mayor relación con los cuatro componentes principales definió el agrupamiento de las poblaciones. Dos funciones canónicas separaron significativamente (p<0.001) a las tres poblaciones silvestres de agave y representaron 100% de la varianza total. Conclusiones: Las variables con mayor contribución e importancia relativa asociadas a cada población fueron el desarrollo de la inflorescencia, el contenido de azúcares reductores totales del tallo, así como el tono y la saturación de color de las hojas.

Abstract: A conceptual relationship exists between symbolic interactionism and contemporary studies about culture and power, post-structuralism, and what has been called post-modern criticism. The aim is to highlight the degree to which we are witnessing a theoretical, analytical gesture that introduces the issue of politics and power clearly linked to cultural aspects and a symbolic order characteristic of social interactions. Thus, the article’s objective is to suggest that heterogeneous cultural studies, as well as post-modern criticism itself, are a kind of reutilization of interactionist perspectives in sociology.

Resumen: Existe una relación conceptual entre el interaccionismo simbólico y los estudios contemporáneos sobre cultura y poder, el post-estructuralismo y la denominada crítica posmoderna. El interés es evidenciar en qué medida presenciamos un gesto teórico y analítico que introduce la problemática de la política y el poder en clara vinculación con los aspectos culturales, y un orden simbólico propio de las interacciones sociales. De esta manera, el objetivo es sugerir que los heterogéneos estudios culturales, así como la misma crítica posmoderna, se presentan como una suerte de reutilización de perspectivas interaccionistas en la sociología.

A esquerda política uruguaia, materializada na atual Frente Ampla, tem-se constituído em um espaço político indispensável para a recuperação da “matriz institucional” histórica do país. Partindo dessa consideração, é possível compreender a Frente como um espaço político que tem dado continuidade aos principais esforços de modernização econômica e construção do Estado desenvolvidos no país pelo histórico Partido Colorado desde inicios do século XX. Esta parece ser a sua contribuição mais destacada ao processo de redemocratização política do país, logo após dos governos cívico-militares nos anos 70 e 80 do século XX. O que aqui se apresenta pretende dar resposta a uma interrogação algo tímida entre a atual cidadania uruguaia: pode se entender a atual Frente Ampla como sendo o Partido Colorado do século XXI?

The Uruguayan political left, embodied as the current Frente Amplio, has created an important political space for the recovery of the country’s historical “institutional matrix”. Based on this consideration, it is possible to understand it as a political space that has given continuity to the main efforts regarding the economic modernization and the establishment of the State, developed in the country by the historical Colorado Party since the beginning of the 20th century. This seems to be its main contribution to the process of the country’s political redemocratization, soon after the civic-military governments from the 1970s and 1980s. What is presented here intends to give an answer to a question concerning the current Uruguayan citizenship: can the current Frente Amplio be seen as the Colorado Party of the 21st century?

La izquierda política uruguaya, materializada en el actual Frente Amplio, se ha constituido en un espacio político indispensable para la recuperación de la “matriz institucional” histórica del país. Partiendo de esta consideración, es posible comprender el Frente como un espacio político que ha dado continuidad a los principales esfuerzos de modernización económica y construcción del Estado desarrollados en el país por el histórico Partido Colorado desde inicios del siglo XX. Esta parece ser su más destacada contribución al proceso de redemocratización política del país, luego de los gobiernos cívico-militares en los años de 1970 y 1980. Lo que aquí se presenta pretende dar respuesta a una interrogante algo tímida entre la actual ciudadanía uruguaya: ¿puede entenderse al actual Frente Amplio como siendo el Partido Colorado del siglo XXI?

La gauche uruguayenne, matérialisée dans le mouvement Front large, s’est constitué en un espace politique indispensable au rétablissement de la “matrice institutionnelle” historique du pays. À partir de cette considération, il est possible de la comprendre comme un espace politique qui a permis la continuité des principaux efforts de modernisation et de construction de l’État, mis en place en Uruguay par le Parti Colorado depuis le début du XXe siècle. Cela semble être sa contribution la plus importante au processus de re-démocratisation politique du pays, juste après les gouvernements civiques et militaires des années 1970 et 1980. Ce qui se présente ici prétend répondre à une interrogation quelque peu timide que se pose l’actuelle citoyenneté uruguayenne : peut-on considérer l’actuel Front large comme étant le Parti Colorado du XXIe siècle?

Abstract Little has been published on the use of artificial diets for the production of butterflies in the Nymphalidae family. We evaluated the effect of a commercial vitamin supplement called Farvital - 18, composed of amino acids, vitamins and electrolytes, on the production of the butterfly Morpho helenor. This supplement was applied on three host plants from the family Fabaceae: Lonchocarpus oliganthus, Erythrina berteroana and Arachis pintoi. We analyzed the duration of the larval stages, the growth rate of the caterpillars at each stage, the survival rate of the caterpillars, pupal weight, and quality and quantity of pupae obtained. Lonchocarpus oliganthus without and with the addition of vitamin supplement produced larger caterpillars, higher survival rate, shorter larval stage duration, and produced heavier and better quality pupae. Arachis pintoi with and without vitamin supplement produced pupae of lower weight. Males fed on Lonchocarpus oliganthus hatched faster but for females the food did not make any difference. Independent of the diet used for the 600 initial larvae, 371 pupae were produced (61,83%). Of the total pupae obtained, 3,63% did not emerge and 88% of the pupae were A quality. The greatest adult emergence occurred between days 14 and 15 of the pupa formation. The pupae of females were heavier than males. The native plant Lonchocarpus oliganthus gave better yields in the production of butterflies Morpho helenor.

Resumen El uso de dietas artificiales en la producción de mariposas ha sido poco estudiado en la familia Nymphalidae, en este experimento evaluamos el efecto de un suplemento vitamínico comercial llamado Farvital - 18, compuesto por aminoácidos, vitaminas y electrolitos, en la producción de mariposas Morpho helenor, el suplemento se aplicó en tres plantas hospederas de la familia Fabaceae: Lonchocarpus oliganthus, Erythrina berteroana y Arachis pintoi, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 25 orugas para cada uno de los seis tratamientos, realizamos cuatro repeticiones, analizamos el tiempo del ciclo larval, la tasa de crecimiento de las orugas en cada estadio, la tasa de supervivencia de las orugas y en las pupas analizamos el peso, calidad y cantidad obtenida. La planta de Lonchocarpus oliganthus sin y con la adición del suplemento vitamínico produjo orugas de mayor tamaño, mayor tasa de sobrevivencia, el ciclo larval fue más corto, produjo pupas más pesadas y de mejor calidad. La planta de Arachis pintoi con y sin suplemento vitamínico, produjo pupas de menor peso. Los machos alimentados con Lonchocarpus oliganthus eclosionaron más rápido y en las hembras el alimento no causó ninguna diferencia. Independiente de la dieta utilizada, de las 600 larvas iniciales, se produjeron 371 pupas, con un rendimiento del 61,83%. Del total de las pupas formadas el 3,63% no eclosionó y el 88% de las pupas fueron calidad A. La mayor eclosión de adultos fue entre los días 14 y 15 de formada la pupa. Las pupas de las hembras son más pesadas que los machos. La planta nativa Lonchocarpus oliganthus dio mejores rendimientos en la producción de mariposas Morpho helenor.

Background: although benign strictures of the bile duct (BSBD) have traditonally been treated by constructon of a surgical biliodigestive anastomosis at present, there is a clear tendency to resolve them in a minimally invasive way (endoscopic or percutaneous or both). Objective: to describe the management and Results of percutaneous and / or endoscopic treatment of BSBD. Materials and methods: study period: January 2009 to June 2015. Etology of BSBD, 8 surgical injury to the bile duct (BDI), 5 liver transplantis (LT), 5 liver hydatidosis (LH), 2 choledochal cystis (CC). As an average, 4 procedures per patent were done (range, 1-11); and 3 stentis were placed (range, 1-5). Average and median follow up were 21 months, and 13 months, respectively. Results: mortality related to the procedure was 0%. Morbidity was 35% (bacteremia, cholangitis, gas-trointestinal bleeding, febrile syndrome, mild hemoperitoneum, and sepsis). 19 patentis (95%) had satisfactory outicome; one patentis (5%) developed a re-stricture that required a new procedure. Conclusions: mininmally invasive treatment can achieve satisfactory Results in a high percentage of patentis with benign stricture of the bile duct.

Antecedentes: las estenosis benignas de la vía biliar (EBVB) tradicionalmente han sido tratadas con derivaciones biliodigestivas. En la actualidad existe una clara tendencia para resolverlas en forma mínimamente invasiva (endoscópica o percutánea o de ambos modos). Objetivo: describir el manejo y los resultados del tratamiento percutáneo y/o endoscópico de las estenosis biliares benignas. Material y métodos: período del estudio: enero de 2009 a junio de 2015. Etología de las EBVB: 8 lesiones quirúrgicas de la vía biliar (LQVB), 5 trasplantes hepáticos (TH), 5 hidatidosis hepáticas (HH), 2 quistes de colédoco (QC). Se realizaron 4 procedimientos promedio por paciente (r. 1-11). Se colocaron 3 stentis (endoprótesis) promedio por paciente (r. 1-5). Seguimiento promedio: 21 meses con una mediana de 13 meses. Resultados: mortalidad relacionada con los procedimientos: 0%. Morbilidad relacionada con los procedimientos: 35% (bacteriemia, colangitis, hemorragia digestiva, síndrome febril, hemoperitoneo leve, sepsis). Diecinueve pacientes (95%) evolucionaron con control satisfactorio de la estenosis; un paciente (5%) presentó recidiva de la estenosis y debió ser tratado nuevamente. Conclusiones: el tratamiento mininvasivo puede lograr resultados satisfactorios en un alto porcentaje de pacientes con estenosis benignas de la vía biliar.

Resumo O artigo tem por objetivos introduzir algumas reflexões acerca do significado contemporâneo do termo juventude, bem como realizar ponderações importantes em torno ao binômio juventude-violência. Quer-se, igualmente, apresentar alguns dados relevantes para compreender a situação de vulnerabilidade concreta de jovens que residem em certos bairros da cidade de Porto Alegre, na medida em que permitem deduzir as fortes relações entre violência, educação e família. Por último, o interesse recai em realizar uma breve crítica dos três principais paradigmas sobre políticas para jovens (em torno ao trabalho, à educação e ao esporte) que classicamente se têm implementado. No contexto dessas reflexões, sugere-se considerar de importância o desenvolvimento de uma “cultura digital” e seu coadjuvante “capital social” para a eventual formulação de uma “nova” política para jovens que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade social em contextos urbanos.

Abstract This article aims to introduce some reflections on the contemporary meaning of the term youth, and present important considerations on the pair youth-violence. It seeks, also, to introduce some relevant data that help to understand the particular vulnerability of young people who live in certain neighborhoods in the city of Porto Alegre, since these data enable to infer strong relationships between violence, education and family. Finally, it outlines a critical review of the three main paradigms of public policies for juveniles (related to work, education and sports) that have been traditionally implemented. In the context of these reflections it is important to consider the development of a “digital culture” and its side effect, the “social capital”, for the formulation of a “new” policy for young people living under social vulnerability in urban contexts.

Abstract: When tango arises as cultural expression it is witness and protagonist of the modernization process in Río de la Plata. Its poetry narrates the adventures and misadventures of its protagonists, as they are part of the great social and economic transformations such as industrialization and the growing urbanization. Tango tells about the changes on the cultural values of the passage from the 19th to the 20th century. Among its protagonists, woman has got a central role in the tango’s poetry. The main aim of this text is to analyse the different representations about her. The figure of woman in the tango’s poetry enables us to comprehend this emerging modernity in the Rio de la Plata´s context, as well as her role in narrating the world she lives.

Resumen: El tango surge como expresión cultural que será testigo y protagonista del proceso de modernización en el Río de la Plata. Su poética narrará las aventuras y desventuras de sus protagonistas, formando parte de grandes transformaciones sociales y económicas, como la industrialización y la creciente urbanización. También narrará los cambios en los valores culturales del pasaje del siglo XIX hacia el siglo XX. Entre sus protagonistas, la mujer ocuparía un espacio central en la poética del tango. Es el principal objetivo del presente texto analizar las diferentes representaciones en torno a ella. Las figuras de la mujer en la poética del tango permitirá comprender esa modernidad emergente en el contexto rioplatense, así como su lugar como sujeto que narra el mundo que vivencia.

In Nicaraguan legislation, with the implementation of the Family Code, parties are permitted to execute agreements before notaries to regulate the payment of alimony. These agreements must be approved by judicial authority. In the drafting of this type of convention, the notaries may find some vicissitudes, such as the capacity of minors to be parents; the situation of adolescents emancipated by maternity or paternity with regard to their right to receive food; the distribution of food in case of a plurality of food plans with other couples. With the spirit of contributing to a debate, we present our thoughts on this and other controversial issues in our legislation relative to the family.

En la legislación nicaragüense, con la implantación del Código de familia, se permite a las partes realizar acuerdos ante notarios para regular el pago de las pensiones alimenticias. Estos acuerdos deber ser aprobados por la autoridad judicial. En la redacción de este tipo de convenios, los notarios pueden encontrar ciertos tipos de vicisitudes, como la capacidad de los menores de edad progenitores; la situación de las personas adolescentes que se emancipan por maternidad o paternidad en cuanto a su derecho de recibir alimentos; la distribución en caso de pluralidad de alimentarios concebidos con otras parejas. Con el ánimo de contribuir a un debate presentamos nuestras consideraciones sobre estos temas polémicos en nuestra legislación en materia de familia.

Como os indivíduos negros contemporâneos navegam em sistemas classificatórios raciais diversos, dependentes das "fronteiras de significados" - "linhas de cor", de contextos sociais e lugares de residência, linguísticos e culturais? Como se vivencia o "cruzamento" de afiliações grupais entre aqueles que, por exemplo, autopercebem-se negros e que também fazem parte da diáspora de haitianos em Miami? O presente trabalho procura dar resposta a estas interrogações, considerando, como hipótese inicial, que a identificação com "o negro" dentre uma heterogênea população parece estar pautada, por um lado, pela "indiferença" crescente ao discurso da africanidade (enquanto apelativo para a elaboração identitária e política) e, pelo outro, pela constatação de que são as diferentes situações de conflito vivenciadas por cada indivíduo as constitutivas fundamentais da autopercepção e "reconhecimento" como indivíduo negro.

How do contemporary black individuals move through the various systems of racial categorization, dependent on "borders of meaning": "color nuances", social contexts and dwelling places, linguistic and cultural aspects? How is the "cross" of group affiliations experienced by those who, for instance, perceive themselves as black and also make part of the Haitian Diaspora in Miami? The present work seeks to provide answers to these questions, based on an initial assumption that the identification with "the black" among a heterogeneous population seems to be guided, on the one hand, by the increasing "indifference" towards the discourse of Africanity (while a call for political and identity formulation) and, on the other hand, by the realization that it is the several situations of conflict experienced by each individual, which fundamentally constitute his/her self-perception and "recognition" as a black individual.

O presente trabalho discute as dimensões sociais que parecem estar adquirindo o espaço da negritude e a experiência negra na atualidade. Devido a uma série de transformações políticas, sociais e culturais, parte-se da ideia de que os afrodescendentes expandiram os cenários de suas interações, suscitando modificações na forma como constroem suas identificações sociais. Jovens negros, por exemplo, protagonizam um processo de individualização e diferenciação social que contribui para desestabilizar identificações culturais ancoradas nas já clássicas noções de africanidade e comunidade. Nesse sentido, realiza-se uma crítica sobre as formas que adquirem as relações raciais contemporâneas, supondo que os marcos referenciais clássicos de constituição do espaço da negritude não parecem continuar correspondendo ao que, de fato, está sendo vivido por muitos afrodescendentes hoje.

This article discusses the social dimensions which blackness and the black experience seem to be acquiring in our current days. Due to a series of political, social and cultural transformations, there has arisen the idea that African Brazilians have expanded their scenario of interactions, leading to changes in the way that they construct their social identifications. Black youths, for instance, are protagonists in a process of individualization and social differentiation which helps destabilize cultural identifications anchored in classical notions of Africanness and community. In this regard, this is a critique of the shape that contemporary race relations have taken, supposing that the classical referential markers which constitute blackness no longer seem to be legitimatizing what is really being experienced by many African Brazilians today.

Ce travail présente les dimensions sociales que l'espace de la négritude semble être en train d'occuper ainsi que l'expérience noire dans l'actualité. Etant donné toute une série de transformations politiques, sociales et culturelles, nous partons de l'idée selon laquelle les afro-descendants ont amplifié les scénarios de leurs interactions, suscitant des changements dans leur manière de construire leurs identifications sociales. De jeunes Noirs, par exemple, sont à la tête d'un processus d'individualisation et de différenciation sociale qui contribue à déstabiliser les identifications culturelles ancrées dans les notions classiques d'africanité et de communauté. C'est dans ce sens qu'une critique des configurations des relations sociales contemporaines est faite, en partant du principe que les points de repère classiques de constitution de l'espace de la négritude ne semblent pas continuer à légitimer ce qui est, de fait, vécu actuellement par de nombreux afro-descendants.

Existe uma relação conceitual entre o Interacionismo Simbólico e os contem porâneos estudos sobre cultura e poder, o pós-estruturalismo e a denominada crítica pós-moderna. O interesse é evidenciar em que medida assistimos a um gesto teórico e analítico que insere a problemática da política e do poder em claro nexo com os aspectos culturais e a ordem simbólica própria das interações sociais. Assim mesmo, o objetivo é sugerir que os heterogêneos Estudos Culturais, bem como a própria crítica pós-moderna se apresentam como uma espécie de reutilização de perspectivas interacionistas na sociologia na atualidade.

There is a conceptual relationship between the Simbolic Interacionism and the contemporary studies about culture and power, the post- structuralism and the so called post-modern critique. The interest is to show the extent to which we witness an analytical and theoretical gesture that inserts the politic and power problematic in contact with the cultural aspects and the symbolic order of the social interactions. Even so, the main objective is to suggest that the heterogeneous Cultural Studies, as well as the post-modern critique, present themselves as a kind of reuse of interacionist perspectives in the current sociology.

Diarrheal disease continues to be a serious health problem, especially in developing countries. Bloody diarrhea represents approximately 20-30% of all cases and has higher morbidity and mortality. Treatment with antibiotics is beneficial in cases of Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia and Salmonella infection, principally in those children with a higher risk of invasive disease. The aims of this study were to detect the bacterial agents associated with bloody diarrhea in children and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Between June 2001 and January 2008, 249 children with bloody diarrhea were studied. Shigella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were recovered from 48 (19.3%) and 3 (1.2%) of the total of cases, respectively. In 49 out of 249 children, in whom other enteropathogens were investigated, we recovered Campylobacter jejuni from 7 children (14.3%), Salmonella spp. from 2 (4.1%) and Aeromonas spp. from 1 (2%) in addition to Shigella from 7 children (14.3%). Thirty-four (70%) Shigella isolates showed resistance to ampicillin and 13 (27%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All Shigella isolates were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Salmonella and STEC isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics assayed. Thus, the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or ampicillin would not be appropriate for the empirical treatment of Shigella - associated diarrhea.

La enfermedad diarreica es un problema de salud importante, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. La diarrea sanguinolenta representa el 20-30% del total de casos y determina una mayor morbimortalidad. La antibioticoterapia es beneficiosa en casos de infección por Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia y Salmonella, principalmente en niños con riesgo elevado de enfermedad invasora. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron conocer las bacterias asociadas a diarrea sanguinolenta y determinar su patrón de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Entre junio de 2001 y enero de 2008 se estudiaron 249 niños con diarrea sanguinolenta. Shigella y Escherichia coli productor de toxina Shiga (STEC) se recuperaron de 48 (19,3%) y 3 (1,2%) casos, respectivamente. En la subpoblación de 49 niños cuyo estudio coprobacteriológico fue más completo se aisló, además de Shigella (14,3%), Campylobacter jejuni (14,3%), Salmonella spp. (4,1%) y Aeromonas spp. (2%). Treinta y cuatro (71%) aislamientos de Shigella mostraron resistencia a ampicilina y 13 (27%) a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. Todos los aislamientos de Shigella fueron sensibles a ácido nalidíxico, ciprofloxacina y ceftriaxona. Los aislamientos de Salmonella y STEC fueron sensibles a todos los antibióticos ensayados. En función de estos resultados, se concluye que el uso de trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol y de ampicilina no sería apropiado para el tratamiento empírico de la diarrea asociada a Shigella.

Este texto procura realizar uma breve análise sobre as inquietudes teóricas e analíticas no estudo dos movimentos sociais. Nesse sentido, são estabelecidas algumas pautas de análise para uma compreensão e uma interpretação mais adequada dos fenômenos coletivos contemporâneos. Por outro lado, o texto dedica-se a articular o marco analítico sobre movimentos sociais com o percurso político e social vivido pela esquerda política no Uruguai, principalmente a partir do processo de redemocratização política da década de 80. Finalmente, é discutido o espaço político cultural ocupado hoje por essa corrente no governo nacional, sugerindo algumas interpretações sobre o significado histórico no nosso presente.

This paper tries to accomplish a brief analysis on the theoretical and analytical complicated issues in the study of the social movements. In that sense, some analysis lines are established for a more appropriate interpretation and understanding of the contemporary collective phenomena. On the other hand, this paper aims to articulate the analytical cornerstone on social movements with the political and social trajectory lived by the political left in Uruguay, mainly starting from the process of political redemocratization of the decade of 80. Finally, the cultural-political space is discussed as it is occupied today by that trend in the national government, suggesting some interpretations on its historical meaning in our present.

Ce texte présente une analyse succincte des inquiétudes théoriques et analytiques dans l'étude des mouvements sociaux. A ce propos, des critères d'analyse sont définis pour permettre une compréhension et une interprétation plus adéquate des phénomènes collectifs contemporains. D'autre part, on cherche à rapprocher le référent analytique concernant les mouvements sociaux du parcours politique et social vécu par la gauche politique en Uruguay, surtout à partir du processus de re-démocratisation politique dans les années 80. Finalement, c'est l'espace politique culturel actuellement occupé par ce courant au sein du gouvernement national qui est discuté, et l'on y suggère quelques interprétations de son sens historique dans le présent.