RESUMEN Introducción: la mayoría de las investigaciones muestran la situación de los recursos humanos del sistema de salud en países primermundistas, por lo que es necesario caracterizar nuestra realidad latinoamericana en este aspecto. Objetivo: caracterizar el tipo de trabajo y la formación de posgrado de los recursos humanos del área de salud en ocho países de Latinoamérica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo a través de encuestas autoaplicadas sobre las características de los centros de labores y capacitaciones de posgrado que se han tenido. Resultados: de las 1.283 personas que respondieron la encuesta, el 87,1 % laboraba en un hospital (salario promedio mensual: 840 dólares), el 23,3 % también lo hacía en una clínica (salario promedio mensual: 1.200 dólares). Además, solo el 20,5 % trabajaba en un establecimiento del primer nivel de atención (salario promedio mensual: 420 dólares). El 31,2 % había realizado un curso de posgrado, el 23,2 % un diplomado, el 17,8 % una maestría y, el 5,1 %, un doctorado. Conclusiones: los recursos humanos en salud trabajan principalmente en hospitales con sueldos diferentes según el lugar donde laboran. Los médicos son los que tienen mayor remuneración, pero en el sector privado las diferencias son menos marcadas. Menos de la tercera parte han hecho cursos u otras actividades académicas culminadas hace ya varios años. Esto sirve para la mejora de las características laborales y de capacitación.

SUMMARY Introduction: Most research shows the situation of first world countries regarding human resources of health; therefore, it is necessary to characterize our Latin American reality. Objective: To characterize the type of work and postgraduate training of health human resources in eight Latin American countries. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out, through self-applied surveys on the characteristics of its work center, and post-graduate training that them has had. Results: Of the 1283 people who responded to the survey, 87.1% worked in a hospital (average monthly salary: 840 dollars), 23.3% also worked in a clinic (average monthly salary: 1200 dollars). In addition, only 20.5% worked in an establishment of the first level of care (average monthly salary: 420 dollars). 31.2% had completed a post-graduate course, 23.2% had a diploma, 17.8% had a master’s degree and 5.1% had a doctoral degree. Conclusions: The human resources in health work mainly in hospitals and the salaries are different according to the place where they work. The physicians are those who have higher remuneration, but in the private sector the salaries are more similar than in the other sectors. Less than a third have taken courses or other academic activities, having been completed several years ago. This serves to improve the work and training characteristics.

Abstract Harvest efficiency is one of the main factors that define productivity of a grassland. In Lotus species, productive response has not been studied in function of the amount of intercepted light. This study was conducted in the Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico, in the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 crop cycles with the objective of determining the production of L. corniculatus in function of the percentage (90, 95 and 100 %) of light intercepted (LI) and a fixed cutting (CF) defined seasonally. The hypothesis was that higher production of forage would be obtained with 95 % LI. The experimental design was random blocks in divided plots, and the treatments were LI and CF with three replications. Annual yield of forage showed differences among treatments only in the second year. Forage yield of CF was lower (22 844 kg MS ha-1) than the average with 90, 95 and 100 % LI (32 173 kg MS ha-1). Seasonal yield was higher in spring (10 461 kg MS ha-1) relative to the fall and winter average (5750 kg MS ha-1). Weeds contributed (4 %) to annual yield and leaves (58 %) in spring with 95 % LI. With 95 and 100 % LI greater heights (23 cm) were recorded, and in CF the heights were lower (19 cm) in both years. Of the seasons, taller plants (24 cm) grew in the spring and shorter plants in autumn and winter (19 cm). In the second year, there was a higher mean annual leaf: stem ratio in CF (2.8:1), mainly in autumn (3.3:1). The best productive performance of L. corniculatus was with 90, 95 and 100 % LI. The highest contribution of leaf was with 95 % LI, mainly in spring. In conclusion, although there were not differences between the percentages of intercepted light, at 95% the largest amount of leaf was produced, and thus we consider it to be the best management strategy. Nevertheless, because it is a species recently characterized in Mexico, it is necessary to conduct more research in different environment types.

Resumen La eficiencia de la cosecha es uno de los principales factores que definen la productividad de una pradera. En especies de Lotus no se ha estudiado la respuesta productiva en función de la cantidad de luz interceptada. Este estudio se realizó en el Colegio de Postgraduados, Montecillo, Texcoco, México, en los ciclos agrícolas 2014-2015 y 2015-2016, y el objetivo fue determinar la producción de L. corniculatus, en función del porcentaje (90, 95 y 100 %) de luz interceptada (LI) y un corte fijo (CF) definido estacionalmente. La hipótesis fue que la mayor producción de forraje se presenta con 95 % de LI. El diseño experimental fue bloques al azar en parcelas divididas, y los tratamientos fueron LI y CF con tres repeticiones. El rendimiento anual de forraje solo mostró diferencias entre tratamientos en el segundo año. El rendimiento de forraje del CF fue menor (22 844 kg MS ha-1) al promedio con 90, 95 y 100 % LI (32 173 kg MS ha-1). El rendimiento promedio estacional de forraje fue mayor en primavera (10 461 kg MS ha-1) respecto al promedio de otoño e invierno (5750 kg MS ha-1). La maleza aportó al rendimiento anual (4 %) y la hoja el (58 %) en primavera, con 95 % de LI. Con 95 y 100 % de LI se registraron las alturas mayores (23 cm) y en el CF las alturas menores (19 cm), en ambos años. Entre estaciones, las alturas mayores (24 cm) se presentaron en primavera y las menores en otoño e invierno (19 cm). En el segundo año se presentó la mayor relación media anual hoja: tallo en el CF (2.8:1), principalmente en otoño (3.3:1). El mayor comportamiento productivo de L. corniculatus fue con 90, 95 y 100 % de LI, con aporte mayor de hoja con 95 %, principalmente en primavera. En conclusión, a pesar de, no haber diferencia entre las intercepciones luminosas, al 95 % se produjo la mayor cantidad de hoja, por lo que, podríamos considerarla como la mejor estrategia de manejo, no obstante, siendo una especie recién caracterizada en México, es necesario realizar más investigación en diferentes tipos de ambientes.

Abstract Objective: To determine the incidence of postoperative myocardial injury after non- cardiac surgery (MINS) in patients with medical history of systemic arterial hyper-tension by troponin measurement before surgery, at 6 hours, 12 hours and 30 days after surgery. Material and methods: Patients older than 45 years old were included, both genders, with systemic arterial hypertension who underwent non- cardiac surgery. Troponin I was determined before surgery, and was repeated 6, 12 hours and 30 days before surgery. Troponin I level of 0.05ng/ml or greater was considered diagnose for myocardial injury. Results: The sample consisted of 146 patients with average age of 64.7 ± 10.8 years. An incidence of 30-day postoperative myocardial injury was observed; In 16 patients (10.9%) with a 95% CI (6.35%, 17.07%) of the total sample in the period studied. Conclusión: The incidence of postoperative acute myocardial injury at 30 days was 11%. This reveals the importance in the early detection of risk factors to prevent the development of this pathology.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia para el desarrollo de lesión miocárdica aguda post operatoria en los pacientes con hipertensión arterial sistémica que fueron sometidos a cirugía no cardiaca, con la medición de troponinas, antes de la intervención; a las 6, 12 horas y 30 días posteriores al haber sido intervenidos. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 147 pacientes mayores de 45 años, de ambos sexos, con hipertensión arterial sistémica, que fueron sometidos a cirugía no cardiaca. Previo a cirugía se realizó una determinación de Troponina I. La determinación de Troponina I fue repetida 6, 12 horas y 30 días posteriores a la cirugía. Niveles séricos de Troponina I > 0.05 fueron considerados diagnósticos de lesión miocárdica aguda. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 64.7 ± 10.8 años. Se observó una incidencia de lesión miocárdica postoperatoria a 30 días; en 16 pacientes (10.9%) con un IC 95% (6.35%, 17.07%) del total de la muestra. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la incidencia de lesión miocárdica aguda postoperatoria a los 30 días fue del 11% Lo que revela la importancia en la detección temprana de los factores de riesgo para prevenir el desarrollo de la misma.

The objective of this experiment was to conduct growth analysis on "Maralfalfa" grass (Pennisetum sp.) from planting to determine the optimal time to harvest. The plant morphology (MP), growth rate (TC), height, radiation interception (RI), leaf / stem ratio (H:T), leaf/no leaf (H: NH) and the biomass accumulation, were evaluated at intervals of 15 d during a 180 d period, except for the first two samples that were sampled monthly. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS, under an experimental design of randomized blocks, with repeated measures over time, with three replicates. The MP varied significantly (P<0.01) across different physiological states. The maximum biomass production and CT was reached at 151 d after planting with 37,297 kg DM ha-1 and 247 kg DM ha-1 d-1, respectively. It also, recorded the highest percentage of RI (97.4), with a height of 2.3 m, approximately. Biomass production of stems and dead material production Maralfalfa grass are correlated positively with the increasing age of the plant. The maximum growth rate coincides with the maximum production of leaves and stems and increased production of total biomass.

El objetivo de este experimento fue realizar un análisis de crecimiento del pasto "Maralfalfa" (Pennisetum sp.) desde la siembra hasta determinar el momento óptimo de cosecha. La morfología de la planta (MP), tasa de crecimiento (TC), altura, radiación interceptada (RI), relación hoja/tallo (H:T), hoja/no hoja (H:NH) y la acumulación de biomasa aérea, se evaluaron a intervalos de 15 días, en un periodo de 180 días, a excepción de los dos primeros muestreos que fueron mensuales. Los datos se analizaron mediante el procedimiento GLM de SAS, bajo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con medidas repetidas en el tiempo, con tres repeticiones. La MP varió de manera significativa (P<0.01) a través de los diferentes estados fisiológicos. La máxima producción de biomasa aérea y TC se alcanzó a los 151 días después de la siembra con 37,297 kg MS ha-1 y 247 kg MS ha-1 d-1, respectivamente. También se registró el mayor porcentaje de RI (97.4 %), con una altura de 2.3 m aproximadamente. La producción de biomasa de tallos y la producción de material muerto del pasto maralfalfa, están correlacionadas de manera positiva con el incremento en la edad de la planta. La máxima tasa de crecimiento, coincide con la máxima producción de hojas y de tallos, y con la mayor producción de biomasa total.

In the Mexican tropical region, where animal production is based on extensive grazing systems, the grasses of Brachiaria genus are important due to their good adaptation, high forage yield and nutritive value. The aim of this study was to evaluate forage yield, morfological composition and growth rate of 23 genotypes of Brachiaria humidicola plus one hybrid of Brachiaria. The study was carried out from June 2006 to May 2007, at Isla, Veracruz, México. Treatments were measured every 28 d during the rainy season and every 42 d during the dry and northern cold-front seasons, and distributed in a completely randomized block design with three replicates. There were significant differences in total forage yield (P ≤ 0.05), with genotype CIAT 679 cv. 'Chetumal' being the highest with 17 353 DM kg ha-1 and CIAT 26159 the lowest with 11 104 kg DM ha-1. The average seasonal forage yield distribution of the 24 genotypes was 83, 9 and 8 % during the rainy, northern cold-front and dry seasons, respectively. The highest average growth rate was recorded in June with 189 kg DM ha-1d-1, which gradually decreased to 4 kg DM ha-1d-1 in May. Leaves contributed most to forage yield, and the seasonal trend was northern cold-front > dry > rainy seasons, with averages of 77.6, 71.7 y 57.6 %, respectively.

En la región tropical de México, donde la producción bovina se basa en sistemas de pastoreo extensivos, los pastos del género Brachiaria son de importancia debido a su alto rango de adaptación, buen rendimiento y calidad nutricional. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento total anual, composición morfológica y tasa de crecimiento de 23 genotipos de Brachiaria humidicola, más un híbrido de Brachiaria. El estudio se efectuó de junio 2006 a mayo de 2007 en Isla, Veracruz, México. Los tratamientos fueron evaluados cada 28 d en la época de lluvias y cada 42 d en las épocas de nortes y de seca, y distribuidos aleatoriamente en un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. En rendimiento total hubo diferencias entre genotipos (P ≤ 0.05), con el genotipo CIAT 679 cv. 'Chetumal' (17 353 kg MS ha-1) con la mayor producción, y el genotipo CIAT 26159 el de menor rendimiento (11 104 kg MS ha-1). La distribución estacional del rendimiento total, en promedio de los 24 genotipos, fue: 83 % en lluvias, 9 % en nortes y 8 % en sequía. La mayor tasa de crecimiento se presentó en el mes de junio con un promedio de 189 kg MS ha-1 d-1, que se redujo gradualmente hasta 4 kg MS ha-1 d-1 en mayo. El componente con mayor contribución al rendimiento fue el de hojas, con la siguiente tendencia estacional: nortes > seca > lluvias (P≤0.05), con promedios de 77.6, 71.7 y 57.6 %, respectivamente.

Mexico has been the leading import supplier of mango with an import market share of 56 percent for mangoes to USA. Since 2000, however, other countries, such as Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Belize, have also increased their share of the growing U.S. import market for this fruit. Michoacán is one of the more important Mexican producers. Due to the importance of this product, the research objective was to analyze the competitiveness of Mexican mango in front of its main competitors and to analyze the profitability in the region. The Mexican competitiveness at international level was estimated with the Indices of Revealed Competitive Advantage. At regional level, the profitability was estimating in 214 farms. Mexico has competitiveness with a negative tendency in relationship to Brazil and India. Mangoes are profitable for the region; nevertheless, the utilities are low due to the high costs per tons and low productivity.

México es el principal exportador de mango a nivel mundial y aporta el 56% a las importaciones de Estados Unidos, sin embargo, desde 2006 otros países, como Brasil, Perú, Ecuador y Belice, también han aumentado su participación en el mercado estadounidense. Por su parte, Michoacán es el estado que aporta más mango para la exportación. Por estas razones, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la competitividad del mango mexicano frente a sus principales competidores, así como realizar un análisis de rentabilidad en Michoacán. Para determinar la competitividad de México, se utilizaron los Índices de Ventaja Competitiva Revelada. México presenta una competitividad con tendencia negativa respecto a sus principales competidores, Brasil e India. En Michoacán, se hizo el cálculo de la rentabilidad en 214 unidades de producción. El cultivo es rentable para la región, ya que se recuperan 77 centavos de cada peso invertido, sin embargo, las utilidades son bajas por los altos costos unitarios y bajos rendimientos.

Espécies de eucalipto e acácia são amplamente utilizadas em plantios agroflorestais e reflorestamentos. Com o intuito de comparar a reconstituição das camadas orgânicas do solo, i.e., dos horizontes húmicos, estabelecendo-se uma relação com propriedades edáficas, sob plantações de Acacia mangium e Eucalyptus grandis, foram feitas coletas dos horizontes holorgânicos e hemiorgânicos do solo. Os referidos plantios encontravam-se na região de Tabuleiros Terciários no norte do estado do Espírito Santo e pertenciam à Reserva Natural da Vale do Rio Doce. As coletas foram feitas quando os plantios tinham sete anos de idade, em quatro estações. Acacia mangium apresentou maior estoque de folhiço (10 t ha-1, em média), tanto na camada L, de folhas inteiras, como na camada F, de folhas fragmentadas, do que Eucalyptus grandis (5 t ha-1, em média). O material foliar em acácia apresentou menor relação C/N que o de eucalipto, cerca da metade, decorrente dos maiores teores de nitrogênio. Quanto às análises químicas de carbono e nutrientes, no solo sob Acacia mangium, foram observadas, de modo geral, maiores quantidades destes elementos que no solo sob Eucalyptus grandis (e.g., carbono: 1,74 dag kg-1 vs 1,23 dag kg-1 e cálcio: 3,34 cmol c kg-1 vs 2,75 cmol c kg-1). O conjunto destes resultados evidencia que os aportes orgânicos sob Acacia mangium em relação a Eucalyptus grandis foram responsáveis pela maior incorporação de matéria orgânica e nutrientes ao solo. Estes dados, no entanto, comparados aos obtidos em estudos na floresta primária, mostraram que o carbono e os nutrientes do solo, em ambas as plantações, são menores que na floresta, evidenciando que, após sete anos de plantio, os teores de fertilidade e matéria orgânica do subhorizonte A11 não estavam restabelecidos.

Eucalyptus and acacia species are widely used in agrosilviculture and reforestry practices. In order to evaluate the reconstitution of organic soil layers - i.e. the humic horizons -and establish relationships to the soil properties, the holorganic and hemiorganic horizons were sampled under Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus grandis plantations. These plantations lie in the tertiary tableland region in the North of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, and are part of the Natural reservation Area of the Vale do Rio Doce Company. Samples were collected in seven-year-old plantations in four seasons. Acacia mangium presented a higher litter stock (mean of 10 t ha-1) in both the L (undecomposed leaves) and the F layer (fragmented leaves) than Eucalyptus grandis (mean of 5 t ha-1). The foliar material of Acacia also presented smaller C/N ratios than Eucalyptus, almost half as small, due to higher nitrogen contents. In regard to the chemical analyses of carbon and nutrients, higher quantities of the elements were observed in the soil under Acacia mangium than under Eucalyptus grandis (e.g., carbon: 1.74 vs 1.23 dag kg-1 and calcium: 3.34 vs 2.75 cmol c kg-1). This set of results suggests that the organic contribution of Acacia mangium was responsible for higher organic matter and nutrient inputs in the soil than Eucalyptus grandis. However, when these data were compared to those found in studies of primary forest, carbon and nutrient soil contents in both plantations were smaller than in the forest, indicating that after seven years fertility and organic matter of the A11 horizon had not been reestablished in the plantations.

Cutaneous lesions in CMV infection are rare, often a late manifestation of systemic infection, and usually herald a fatal course. A 70 year-old woman received a kidney transplantation one month before consulting and immunosuppressive therapy that included cyclosporine A and methylprednisone. She complained of fever, local pain in her right leg, and an erythematous and swelling plaque. She was treated with intravenous antibiotics without improvement. A skin biopsy was performed and the tissue obtained was sent for bacterial and fungal cultures as well as for histological examination. Cultures were negative. The biopsy showed CMV cytopathic changes. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for CMV and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing revealed CMV DNA. She was treated with ganciclovir with resolution of the lesion. CMV cellulitis is a rare cutaneous manifestation which has not been previously reported.

Las lesiones cutáneas por citomegalovirus (CMV) son infrecuentes y a menudo una manifestación tardía de una enfermedad sistémica, que generalmente anuncia un curso fatal. Comunicamos un caso de celulitis por CMV: una mujer de 70 años con trasplante renal efectuado 1 mes antes de la consulta, terapia inmunosupresora con ciclosporina A y metilprednisona. La paciente ingresó por fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional en pierna derecha. Comprobamos la existencia de una placa de 8 por 4 cm eritematoedematosa. La tratamos con antibióticos sin mejoría, por lo que realizamos un estudio histopatológico de piel que mostró cambios citopáticos compatibles con infección por CMV. Los cultivos bacteriológicos y micológicos fueron negativos. La inmunohistoquímica específica para CMV y el estudio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de la biopsia de piel fueron positivas, al igual que la antigenemia. El tratamiento con ganciclovir produjo la mejoría del cuadro clínico. En la literatura revisada no hemos encontrado la celulitis como manifestación de enfermedad cutánea por CMV.

O conhecimento das formas de húmus permite a caracterização de ecossistemas primários, bem como dos interferidos. Dentro desta perspectiva, pretendeu-se identificar as formas de húmus, estudando-se os horizontes holorgânicos em relação às variáveis do solo mineral, em três áreas de Mata Atlântica de Tabuleiros do norte do Espírito Santo: duas matas primárias, a Mata Alta e a Mata de Córrego, e uma mata secundária, resultante do corte e da queima da vegetação há mais de 40 anos (Capoeira Queimada). Na Mata Alta, encontrou-se um mull mesotrófico tropical, caracterizado por uma rápida decomposição dos aportes foliares dos horizontes holorgânicos e por uma percentagem de saturação por bases em torno de 50-70% no horizonte hemiorgânico. A Mata de Córrego teve a estrutura do seu perfil húmico alterado em comparação com a Mata Alta, ou seja, verificou-se maior acúmulo nas camadas holorgânicas, representando menor velocidade na decomposição, como o oligotrofismo do solo mineral (V%: 14-35%). Estes resultados levaram à classificação da forma de húmus na Mata de Córrego como um mull oligotrófico. Na Capoeira Queimada, o estoque dos horizontes holorgânicos foi de 2 t ha-1 maior que na Mata Alta, com o desenvolvimento esporádico da camada F2. No horizonte A1, porém, o estoque de matéria orgânica foi inferior e observou-se, igualmente, uma percentagem de saturação por bases menor (30-56%), indicando que o ciclo de carbono e de nutrientes ainda não foi restabelecido. A forma de húmus da Capoeira Queimada foi classificada como mull mesotrófico.

Humus forms allow the characterization of either a natural forest ecosystem or disturbed forests. Under this perspective, we aimed to identify the humus forms in three Tabuleiro Forest sites in northern Espírito Santo: two primary forests, "Mata Alta" and "Mata de Córrego", and one secondary forest resulting from slash and burn, over 40 years old (Capoeira Queimada). Therefore, the holorganic horizons were studied in regard to the pedological parameters of the mineral soil. At "Mata Alta", a mesotrophic mull was found, characterized by high litter decomposition rates in the holorganic horizon, and by base saturation values around 50-70% in the hemiorganic horizon. The humus profile in "Mata de Córrego" was different from that at "Mata Alta" both due to the higher accumulation in the holorganic horizon, which reflected lower decomposition rates, and soil oligotrophism (V%: 14-35%). These results lead to the classification of the humus form in the "Mata de Córrego" as an oligotrophic mull. In the "Capoeira Queimada", the stock in the holorganic horizons was 2 t ha-1 higher than in the Mata Alta, with sporadic presence of the F2 layer. Nevertheless, regarding the A1 horizon, both the organic matter stocks and the base saturation ratio were lower (30-56%), showing that the carbon and nutrient cycle were not reestablished. The humus form in the "Capoeira Queimada" was classified as an mesotrophic mull.

Pesquisas comparativas em fragmentos florestais que visem avaliar o efeito de diferentes impactos antrópicos sobre o solo são praticamente inexistentes. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi caracterizar e comparar os horizontes orgânicos do solo em relação a algumas variáveis pedológicas sob mata primária e sob capoeira de idade avançada, com mais de 40 anos, resultado da seleção e extração de indivíduos arbóreos de valor comercial. Para isso, foram estudadas duas áreas de Mata Atlântica da região de Tabuleiros Terciários do norte do Espírito Santo: a Mata Alta, uma mata primária, e a Capoeira de Extração, uma mata secundária. Na Mata Alta, verificou-se débil acumulação orgânica superficial (4,0 t ha-1), devida à rápida decomposição dos aportes orgânicos que caem sobre o solo. O primeiro horizonte do solo caracteriza-se pela presença de um suborizonte de interface com as camadas foliares (A11), mais rico em carbono e nutrientes que o suborizonte A12 subjacente, pela maior saturação por bases (entre 50 e 70%) e por apresentar uma relação C/N menor que 12. Nesta mata, verificou-se a estabilidade sazonal tanto dos estoques orgânicos como dos nutritivos. A Capoeira de Extração apresentou, em relação à mata não perturbada, maior acumulação do estoque superficial de matéria orgânica (5,5 t ha-1, no verão, e 7,5 t ha-1, no inverno), bem como maior conteúdo de carbono e de nutrientes no solo, principalmente no inverno, indicando um bloqueio na decomposição e na ciclagem de nutrientes. A retirada de determinadas espécies arbóreas, em princípio, pode explicar a diferença observada no processo de decomposição e na ciclagem de nutrientes.

The main purpose of this work was to evaluate differences in the superficial organic accumulation in soil with regard to some pedological parameters of a secondary forest (older than 40 years) submitted to anthropic intervention, i.e., harvest of economically important tree species. Thus, the present work compares two sites of the "Tabuleiro" Atlantic Forest in northern Espírito Santo: a primary forest, the "Mata Alta", and a secondary forest, the "Capoeira de Extração". The organic matter accumulation below the "Mata Alta" is relatively low (4.0 t ha-1), as a result of the fast decomposition of the foliar debris. Within the A horizon, the base saturation is about 50-70% and the C/N ratio is 12. Its main feature is the presence of an interface horizon between the litter layers and the first hemiorganic horizon (A11), where most of the nutrients and organic matter are concentrated. Here a seasonal stability of the organic matter accumulation was observed. The "Capoeira de Extração" had a higher organic accumulation (5.5 t ha-1 in the summer and 7.5 t ha-1 in the winter), and higher values of carbon and nutrients in soil as compared with the undisturbed forest soil. These results showed an interruption in the decomposition process and the nutrient turnover, which may be related to the harvesting of certain tree species.