ABSTRACT The symbiosis of common beans with nitrogen-fixing bacteria provides an efficient approach to sustainable and economical food production. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the application of cost-effective nitrogen management strategies in organic common bean cultivation, including the application of poultry manure and organic liquid fertilizer, seed and co-inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and/or Rhizobium tropici), and supplementary Rhizobium tropici inoculation. The study spanned three years in a well-established organic cultivation field (2018) and an initial organic cultivation area (2019 and 2020) in Brazil. It was arranged in a randomized blocks design in a 2 × 5 (2018) and 2 × 6 (2019 and 2020) factorial scheme, with four replicates. The most profitable strategy involves seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and additional inoculation with Rhizobium tropici at stage V4-5 (fifth trifoliate leaf fully expanded), while the most costly strategy was the application of poultry manure at the V3 stage (first trifoliate leaf fully expanded). Thus, the use of diazotrophic bacteria for seed inoculation and co-inoculation (Azospirillum brasilense and/or Rhizobium tropici) ensured financial returns and system profitability in common bean cultivation.

RESUMO A simbiose do feijão comum com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio proporciona uma abordagem eficiente para a produção de alimentos sustentável e econômica. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação de estratégias custo-efetivas de manejo de nitrogênio no cultivo orgânico do feijão comum, incluindo a aplicação de esterco de aves e fertilizante orgânico líquido, inoculação de sementes e coinoculação com bactérias diazotróficas (Azospirillum brasilense e/ou Rhizobium tropici), e inoculação suplementar com Rhizobium tropici. O estudo durou três anos em um campo de cultivo orgânico bem estabelecido (2018) e uma área inicial de cultivo orgânico (2019 e 2020) no Brasil. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 5 (2018) e 2 × 6 (2019 e 2020), com quatro repetições. A estratégia mais lucrativa envolve a inoculação de sementes com Azospirillum brasilense e inoculação adicional com Rhizobium tropici no estádio V4-5 (quinta folha trifoliada totalmente expandida), enquanto a estratégia mais cara foi a aplicação de esterco de aves no estádio V3 (primeira folha trifoliada totalmente expandida). Assim, o uso de bactérias diazotróficas para inoculação e coinoculação de sementes (Azospirillum brasilense e/ou Rhizobium tropici) garantiu retorno financeiro e rentabilidade do sistema no cultivo do feijão comum.

ABSTRACT This essay draws on epistolary documentation, conference proceedings, and U.S. government reports to analyze the correspondence of right-wing “conservative” activists Garrett Hardin and Cordelia S. May, focusing on their obsession with population control and eugenic principles as solutions to the growing ecological disasters of the 1960s through the early 2000s. These individuals engaged in negotiations and made decisions that helped shape public support for draconian population control policies and practices based on eugenics. These sources provide new insights into how a group of influential intellectuals, financiers, and self-proclaimed environmentalists worked to build a white, elite, heteronormative, and empowered smart society for the future, despite their inability to keep population control on the national agenda.

RESUMO Este ensaio parte de documentação epistolar e de anais de conferências e relatórios do governo dos Estados Unidos no intuito de analisar as correspondências dos ativistas “conservadores” de direita Garrett Hardin e Cordelia S. May, centrando-se na obsessão de ambos pelo controle populacional e por princípios da eugenia como soluções para os crescentes desastres ecológicos da década de 1960 até o início dos anos 2000. Tais indivíduos encetaram negociações e tomaram decisões que ajudaram a moldar o apoio público, visando à aprovação de políticas e práticas draconianas de controle populacional baseadas na eugenia. Essas fontes fornecem novas perspectivas sobre como um grupo de intelectuais influentes, financiadores e autoproclamados ambientalistas trabalhou para construir uma sociedade branca, de elite, heteronormativa e capacitada do tipo inteligente para o futuro, malgrado a sua incapacidade de manter o controle populacional na agenda nacional.

Resumen Introducción: En 1994, Claudio Bassi relató un caso de tratamiento médico de la necrosis pancreática infec tada (NPI); luego desde 1996 se publicaron numerosos artículos de serie de casos con tratamiento solo con antibióticos con buenos resultados. Objetivos: Presentar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de la necrosis pancreática infectada con antibióticos (sin drenaje). Métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente los pacientes con diagnóstico de NPI desde enero de 2018 a octubre del 2020, enfocándonos en aquellos casos que se trata ron de forma conservadora (soporte hidroelectrolítico, nutricional y antibióticos). El diagnóstico se realizó ob servando gas en el retroperitoneo por TC asociado o no a deterioro clínico del paciente con necrosis pancreática sin otro foco. No se realizó punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF). Resultados: Identificamos 25 pacientes con diag nóstico de NPI. Once fueron tratados de forma conser vadora. Según la clasificación de Atlanta, modificada en 2012, 3 casos fueron clasificados de forma grave y el resto moderadamente grave. Todos recibieron antibióticos al menos durante 3 semanas. Ninguno requirió nutrición parenteral. El promedio de estan cia hospitalaria fue de 38 días. Tres pacientes fueron readmitidos. A 8 se les realizó colecistectomía luego de haber resuelto el cuadro; los restantes ya estaban colecistectomizados. No hubo muertes en esta serie. Conclusiones: La NPI puede ser tratada de forma con servadora sin drenaje con buenos resultados en casos seleccionados.

Abstract Introduction: In 1994, Claudio Bassi reported a case of medical treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN); then since 1996 numerous articles of case series were published with treatment only with antibiotics with good outcomes. Objectives: To present our experience in the mana gement of patients with IPN with antibiotics (without drainage). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases with a diagnosis of IPN from January 2018 to October 2020, focusing on those cases that were treated conservatively (hydro-electrolyte, nutritional support and antibiotics). The diagnosis was made by observing gas in the re troperitoneum by CT or by clinical deterioration of the patient with pancreatic necrosis without another focus. Fine needle aspiration was not performed. Results: We identified 25 patients with a diagnosis of IPN; eleven were treated conservatively. According to Atlanta, modified in 2012, 3 were classified severely and the rest moderately severe. All received antibiotics for at least 3 weeks. None required parenteral nutrition. The mean hospital stay was 38 days. Three patients were readmitted. 8 underwent cholecystectomy after having resolved the condition; the rest were already cholecys tectomized. There were no deaths in this series. Conclusions: IPN can be treated conservatively without drainage with good results in selected cases.

Seawater has become a viable alternative for different uses in copper hydrometallurgy. In this paper we review the main physical and chemical characteristics of seawater and how these influence copper production. Reliable data on the use of continental water are reported, and the current use and consumption of seawater in the Chilean mining industry is analysed, indicating the main areas of use and the main problems encountered. Additionally, the influence of the elements in seawaterthat have the most influence on the extractive metallurgy of copper are considered. The Chilean copper mining industry currently consumes approximately 4.1 m³/s of seawater, which corresponds to 25% of the total water used. The use of seawater for the leaching of copper sulphide minerals, such as chalcopyrite, is beneficial because it provides 20 g/L of chloride, thereby improving copper dissolution kinetics.

Infections in fruits caused by fungi reduce the quantity and quality of food for human consumption, in addition to causing economic losses. In this sense, this study aimed to address the effects of eugenol nanocapsules (NCs) based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose in protecting nectarines against Monilinia fructicola, a brown rot agent, a worldwide important disease. NCs were prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly starting from an anionic template and deposition with up to two polymeric layers. The hydrodynamic diameters ranged from 158 nm (nanoemulsion), 360 nm (one polymeric layer) to 398 nm (two polymeric layers). NCs presented, during the in vitro release, the release of eugenol following a first order process. In addition to being in the region of stability (zeta potential ca. |30| mV), the capsules showed good adhesion to the nectarine surface. In relation to brown rot, the eugenol NCs with chitosan proved to be the best formulation compared to nanoemulsion and NCs with two polymeric layers for its control, increasing the probability that the fruits remain without symptoms, even after 7 days. Therefore, this study demonstrated that chitosan NCs containing eugenol could be an alternative to preserve fruit for longer periods in post-harvest.

Abstract Objective To verify the performance of the Net Promoter Score (NPS) as a tool to assess parental satisfaction in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Methods The authors conducted an observational cross-sectional multicenter study in the PICUs of 5 hospitals in Brazil. Eligible participants were all parents or legal guardians of PICU-admitted children, aged 18 years or over. The NPS was administered together with the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care (EMPATHIC-30), used as the gold standard, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. For analysis, the results were dichotomized into values greater than or equal to the median of the tests. The associations between the 2 tools were evaluated and the distribution of their results was compared. Results The parents or legal guardians of 78 PICU-admitted children were interviewed. Of the respondents, 85% were women and 62% were in a private hospital. The median NPS was 10 (IQR, 10-10), and the median EMPATHIC-30 score was 5.7 (IQR, 5.4-5.9). Compared with the gold standard, the NPS had a sensitivity of 100% at all cutoff points, except at cutoff 10, where the sensitivity was slightly lower (97.5%). As for specificity, NPS performance was poorer, with values ranging from 0% (NPS ≥ 5) to 47.4% (NPS = 10). Conclusions NPS proved to be a sensitive tool to assess parental satisfaction, but with poor ability to identify dissatisfied users in the sample.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is a lack of information about cardiac surgery training and professional practice in Latin American (LATAM) countries. This study is the first comparative analysis of cardiac surgical training and professional practice across LATAM and provides the fundamentals for future academic projects of the Latin American Association of Cardiac and Endovascular Surgery (LACES). Methods: International survey-based comparative analysis of the training and professional practice of cardiac surgeons across LATAM. Trainees (residents/fellows) and staf (graduated) surgeons from LATAM countries were included. Results: A total of 289 respondents (staf surgeons N=221 [76.5%]; residents/fellows N=68 [23.5%]) from 18 different countries participated in the survey. Most surgeons (N=92 [45.3%]) reported being unsatisfied with their salaries. Most respondents (N=181 [62.6%]) stated that it was difficult to obtain a leadership position, and 149 (73.8%) stated that it was difficult to find a job after completing training. Only half of the trainee respondents (N=32 [47.1%]) reported that their program had all resident spots occupied. Only 22.1% (N=15) of residents/fellows were satisfied with their training programs. The majority (N=205 [70.9%]) of respondents would choose cardiac surgery as their specialty again. Most surgeons (N=129 [63.9%]) and residents/fellows (N=52 [76.5%]) indicated that the establishment of a LATAM cardiac surgery board examination would be beneficial. Conclusion: Modernization and standardization of training, as well as greater access to opportunities, may be required in LATAM to increase professional satisfaction of cardiac surgeons and to reduce disparities in the specialty. Such changes may enhance the regional response to the dynamic challenges in the feld.

Bibliometric reviews, carried out from access to databases of scientific articles associated with software for data processing, can be helpful for qualitative and quantitative assessments of existing publications on a given topic. Several petroleum hydrocarbons are carcinogenic and immunotoxic agents, causing adverse effects on the biota, and the study of metabolites generated in bioremediation processes has been the object of current research. Therefore, in this work, the use of bibliometric analysis as a tool for surveying studies on the applied metabolomics bioremediation of areas impacted by hydrocarbons is presented. A bibliometric review was carried out in the Scopus Preview and Web of Science databases with data analysis using RStudio software with the bibliometrix package. The survey gathered the studies and prominent publications of the last seven years, making it possible to present gaps and opportunities in the area. reviews processing topic agents biota research Therefore work presented package years area

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the ability of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD) as a prognostic marker for midterm clinical outcomes three months after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), to identify possible predictors of fall in 6MWD in the early postoperative period, and to establish the percentage fall in early postoperative 6MWD, considering the preoperative baseline as 100%. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients undergoing elective CABG were included. The percentage fall in 6MWD was assessed by the difference between preoperative and postoperative day (POD) five. Clinical outcomes were evaluated three months after hospital discharge. Results: There was a significant decrease in 6MWD on POD5 compared with preoperative baseline values (percentage fall of 32.5±16.5%, P<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an independent association of the percentage fall of 6MWD with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the best cutoff value of percentage fall in 6MWD to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months was 34.6% (area under the curve = 0.82, sensitivity = 78.95%, specificity = 76.19%, P=0.0001). Conclusion: This study indicates that a cutoff value of 34.6% in percentage fall of 6MWD on POD5 was able to predict poorer clinical outcomes at three months of follow-up after CABG. Use of CPB and preoperative inspiratory muscle strength were independent predictors of percentage fall of 6MWD in the postoperative period. These findings further support the clinical application of 6MWD and propose an inpatient preventive strategy to guide clinical management over time.

Abstract: Background and Aims: Huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae) is a pseudocereal native to Mexico and is part of its culinary tradition. This pseudocereal is recognized for its high nutritional value and components that are associated with beneficial health effects. However, there is currently no literature on the impact that the fermentation process would have on its bioactive properties. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of fermentation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp22 in huauzontle seeds suspended in water on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Methods: Huauzontle seeds were suspended in water (0.3%, w/v), inoculated with L. plantarum Lp22 (1%, v/v) at 108 CFU/ml, and allowed to ferment for 24 h at 37 °C. Then, seeds were recovered by filtration, grounded and aqueous extract was obtained. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the ABTS and ORAC methods. Moreover, the inhibition of the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX) and trypsin was evaluated and the total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (Folin-Ciocalteu method) were also determined. Key results: The antioxidant activity represented as (M of Trolox equivalents was 812.50 and 927.50 by ABTS and 1384.32 and 3391.11 for ORAC, for unfermented and fermented huauzontle, respectively (p<0.05). The inhibition of LOX activity was 40.06% and 37.24% for unfermented and fermented huauzontle, respectively, while for trypsin it was 12.53% and 14.38% (p>0.05). Besides, total phenol content was 7.49 and 20.24 (g/ml (p<0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings evidence that fermentation of huauzontle improves the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be associated with increased phenol content. Therefore, its consumption could enhance the antioxidant and immune system of the human organism.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: El huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae) es un pseudocereal nativo de México y forma parte de su tradición culinaria. Este pseudocereal es reconocido por su alto valor nutricional y componentes que se asocian a efectos benéficos a la salud. Sin embargo, al momento no se cuenta con literatura sobre el impacto que tendría el proceso de fermentación sobre sus propiedades bioactivas. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la fermentación por Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp22, en semillas de huauzontle suspendidas en agua, sobre sus propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias in vitro. Métodos: Semillas de huauzontle se suspendieron en agua (0.3% p/v), se inocularon con L. plantarum Lp22 (1% v/v) a una concentración de 108 UFC/ml y se fermentaron por 24 h a 37 °C. Finalmente, las semillas fueron recuperadas por filtración, se molieron y del extracto acuoso se determinó la actividad antioxidante por los métodos de ABTS y ORAC. Además, se evaluó la inhibición de las enzimas lipooxigenasa (LOX) y tripsina y se determinó la concentración de fenoles totales (método de Folin-Ciocalteu) en extractos metanólicos. Resultados clave: La actividad antioxidante representada como (M de equivalentes Trolox fue de 812.50 y 927.50 por ABTS, y 1384.32 y 3391.11, para ORAC, para huauzontle no fermentado y fermentado, respectivamente (p<0.05). La inhibición de la actividad de LOX fue de 40.06% y 37.24%, y para tripsina fue de 12.53% y 14.38% (p>0.05), para no fermentado y fermentado, respectivamente, mientras que el contenido de fenoles totales fue de 7.49 y 20.24 (g/ml (p<0.05), respectivamente. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos indican que la fermentación del huauzontle mejora las propiedades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias, y que pueden estar asociados con el incremento en el contenido de fenoles, por lo que su consumo podría fortalecer el mecanismo antioxidante y sistema inmune del organismo humano.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de extratos naturais em marinados de filés de peito de frango sobre as propriedades físico-químicas, estabilidade oxidativa e inibição Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli durante 21 dias de armazenamento. Foram utilizados 128 filés de peito de frango (Pectoralis major) adquiridos no mercado local, alocados em delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados em fatorial 4 x 4 (antioxidante x tempo de armazenamento), totalizando 16 tratamentos com oito repetições. Os valores de TBARS e pH não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. Para os resultados de cor apenas os valores de L* e b* foram influenciados pelos tratamentos, sendo os menores valores encontrados no tratamento com manjericão e BHT, respectivamente. Avaliando o efeito do tempo de armazenamento observou-se aumento da oxidação até 21 dias de estocagem. Para o pH verificou-se diminuição quadrática após a estocagem com aumento no valor do pH a partir do 11º dia de armazenamento. Nos resultados de cor, verificou-se queda linear no valor L* durante o período de armazenamento e no valor de b* observou-se efeito quadrático com redução dessa intensidade até 21 dias de estocagem. Em relação ao valor de a* observou-se efeito quadrático com aumento da intensidade a partir dos sete dias de armazenamento. Para contagem de S. aureus, os tratamentos apresentaram <102 UFC/g até 14 dias, exceto o manjericão que aos 14 dias excedeu o limite estabelecido pela legislação.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of natural extracts on chicken breast fillet marinades regarding the physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, and the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli inhibition during 21 days of storage. Chicken breast fillets (Pectoralis major) (128 units) purchased in a local market, were used, allocated in a completely randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (antioxidant x storage time), totalling 16 treatments with eight replicates. The TBARS and the pH values were not influenced by the analyzed factors. For the color results, the values of L* and b* were lower in the marinated chicken breast fillets with basil and BHT, respectively. When assessing the effect of storage time, an increase in oxidation was observed up to 21 days of storage. For pH, a quadratic decrease after storage with an increase in the pH value from the 11th day of storage was observed. In the color results, there was a linear decrease in the L* value during the storage period and in the value of b* a quadratic effect was observed with a reduction of this intensity up to 21 days of storage. In relation to the value of a*, a quadratic effect with an increase in the red intensity from the 7 days of storage was observed. For the counting of the S. aureus, the treatments presented 102 CFU/g up to 14 days, except for the basil which exceeded the limit established by the legislation at 14 days.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes geothermal energy as an alternative solution to the water–energy dilemma in the northeastern region of Brazil (NEB). The main application of this study was to provide a theoretical basis to support a different approach to policies minimizing water scarcity and ensuring sustainability. The analysis developed in this study compares the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for many different energy sources. The novelty of this study is the use of geothermal energy in the context of the Brazilian Northeast, focusing on water desalination processes, which are expensive in terms of energy. Therefore, this study is highly important because it offers the potential of addressing the energy/economic barrier related to water desalination in environments with economically viable geothermal energy. This is the case in Northeast Brazil with potential for reuse of abandoned oil wells. In the form of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), geothermal energy is a competitive energy source compared to other sources in the Brazilian Energy Matrix, especially when considering factors in addition to the economic benefits. In the form of EGS, geothermal energy is a suitable option for addressing water scarcity in the northeast region in a sustainable and low-emission manner. This is a strategic opportunity for NEB in the context of energy production and freshwater production through desalination.

Abstract Fruits agro-industrial by-products may have a great variety of bioactive compounds that promote health. Thus, the effects of supplementation with acerola, cashew and guava processing by-products for 28 days on retinol level, lipid profile and on some aspects related to intestinal function in rats were investigated. The animals supplemented with different fruit by-products presented similar weight gain, faecal pH values and intestinal epithelial structures; however, they showed higher moisture and Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. counts in faeces compared to the control group. Supplementation with the cashew by-product decreased the blood glucose, acerola and guava by-products reduced serum lipid levels and all fruit by-products tested increased serum and hepatic retinol. The results indicated that acerola and guava by-products possess a potential hypolipidemic effect. The three fruit by-products increase the hepatic retinol deposition and the faecal populations of beneficial bacterial groups and modulated aspects of intestinal function. The findings of this study can contribute to sustainable fruticulture and support future clinical studies with the supplementation of by-products.

ABSTRACT The objectives were to evaluate the effects of monensin and virginiamycin, alone or combined, on supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously to evaluate intake, digestibility, CH4 emissions, blood parameters, performance, and carcass characteristics (Exp. 1), and ruminal fermentation and relative abundance of ruminal microorganisms (Exp. 2). Animals (n = 92 Exp. 1 and n = 12 Exp. 2) were distributed in a completely randomized design and allocated in twelve paddocks composed of Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Xaraés. A protein-energetic supplementation of 3 g/kg of BW per day was provided to all animals. Supplements were: without additives (WA), monensin alone at 80 mg/kg of product (MN), virginiamycin alone at 150 mg/kg of product (VM), and monensin (80 mg/kg of product) combined with virginiamycin (150 mg/kg of product; MNVM). Treatments did not affect intakes of total dry matter (DM), supplement DM, and nutrients. However, the intakes of forage DM and crude protein decreased in cattle fed MNVM compared with animals fed WA, MN, and VM. Total volatile fatty acids increased in animals fed VM. Ruminal NH3-N decreased, and pH increased in animals fed MN, VM, and MNVM. Relative abundance of total F. succinogenes and S. ruminantium decreased and R. flavefaciens increased in animals fed MN and VM at d 118. Treatments had no effect on enteric CH4 emissions. The average daily gain (ADG) and total gain were greater in cattle fed MNVM than in cattle fed MN. Combination of monensin and virginiamycin altered the rumen microbial populations but did not decrease enteric CH4 emissions. However, it decreased forage dry matter intake without altering the ADG and total weight gain, leading to an increase in feed efficiency. Results from this study indicate an advantage in including feed additives combined in the diet of supplemented Nellore cattle grazing tropical grass during the rainy season.