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Impacto psicofísico de la pandemia COVID-19 en trabajadores de la salud en Argentina.
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SCATULARO, CRISTHIAN E.

; BATTIONI, LUCIANO

; BELLIA, SEBASTIÁN

; COSTA DE ROBERT, SARA

; DE LAS NIEVES GATTI, MARÍA

; RACKI, MARIO

; SORACIO, GUILLERMINA

; LESCANO, ADRIÁN

; GIORGINI, JULIO

; PEREIRO, STELLA M

Revista argentina de cardiología

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jun 2021, Volume 89 N. 3 Pages 204 - 210

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT – Background: The Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has generated negative psychological effects in the whole population. Our objective was to describe this impact on health care workers of Argentina. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study evaluating anxiety, depression, burnout, and lifestyle and alterations in lifestyle and interpersonal relationships by means of an anonymous survey carried out from June to September 2020. Results: A total of 1221 healthcare workers, with median age 42 years (IQR 34.5-52) and 65% women were surveyed for the study. Among them, 77.2% lived in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the Buenos Aires province; 66.7% were specialist physicians or nurses, 41.1% were clinical specialists, 29.8% intensive care or coronary care unit physicians and 10.2% kinesiologists or nurses. In 51.8% of cases, healthcare workers reported that all biosafety recommendations were not met in their workplaces. Anxiety was detected in 40.5% of cases, major depression in 22.1% (4.5% referred frequent suicidal ideation), minor depression in10.9% and burnout in 38.7%. Smoking increased in 9.4% of healthcare workers and alcohol in 22%; 62.1% declared worse sleep quality, 50.2% reduced physical activity, 18.4% worsened their affective relationship and 40.4% suffered discrimination for being health workers. Conclusion: The Coronavirus pandemic has produced an increase in depression, anxiety, burnout and unhealthy lifestyle habits in healthcare workers surveyed in Argentina.

RESUMEN – Introducción: La pandemia por el Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) generó efectos psicológicos negativos en toda la población. Nuestro objetivo es describir ese impacto en los trabajadores de la salud de la República Argentina. Material y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, multicéntrico, desde junio a septiembre de 2020, que evaluó ansiedad, depresión, burnout, alteraciones de los estilos de vida y las relaciones personales mediante una encuesta anónima. Resultados: Se encuestó a 1221 trabajadores de la salud, con una mediana de edad de 42 años (RIQ 34,5-52), 65,9% eran mujeres. El 77,2% residía en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y en la provincia de Buenos Aires. El 66,7% eran médicos o enfermeros especialistas, el 41,1%, de especialidades clínicas, 29,8% médicos de unidades de cuidados intensivos o unidades coronarias y 10,2% kinesiólogos o enfermeros. El 51,8% manifestó que en su trabajo no se cumplían todas las recomendaciones de bioseguridad. Se detectó el 40,5% de ansiedad, 22,1% de depresión mayor (4,5% refirió ideación suicida frecuente), 10,9% depresión menor y 38,7% burnout. El 9,4% aumentó el consumo tabáquico y el 22% el de alcohol; el 62,1% empeoró su calidad de sueño, el 50,2% redujo la realización de ejercicio físico, y el 18,4% deterioró su relación afectiva. El 40,4% sufrió discriminación por ser personal de salud. Conclusión: La pandemia por Coronavirus ha generado un aumento de depresión, ansiedad, burnout y hábitos de vida no saludables en los trabajadores de la salud de Argentina encuestados.

https://doi.org/10.7775/rac.es.v89.i3.20231 400 downloads

UM ROMANCE EM SÉRIES: “WATT”, DE SAMUEL BECKETT
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GATTI, LUCIANO

Novos estudos CEBRAP

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aug 2020, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 437 - 454

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Com base em Watt, de Samuel Beckett, o artigo traz uma reflexão sobre os caminhos do romance moderno, considerando três elementos: a paródia literária e filosófica na obra de juventude do autor; a dificuldade em determinar o foco narrativo; e o emprego de séries e combinatórias para questionar a organização do tempo romanesco sob a forma da ação.

ABSTRACT The article approaches Samuel Beckett’s Watt as a reflection on the paths of the modern novel. Three elements are highlighted: the literary and philosophical parody in the author’s early work; the difficulty in determining the narrative focus; and the use of series and combinations to question the organization of romanesque time in the form of action.

https://doi.org/10.25091/s01013300202000020010 308 downloads

Mais que paródia? Aquela vez e o teatro tardio de Samuel Beckett1
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GATTI, LUCIANO

Estudos Avançados

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apr 2020, Volume 34 N. 98 Pages 219 - 230

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

resumo O artigo propõe um debate a respeito do teatro tardio de Samuel Beckett a partir do conceito de paródia, tal como utilizado por Theodor W. Adorno e Hans-Thies Lehmann para pensar tanto a crise do drama quanto as possibilidades de sua superação. Nesse contexto, a peça Aquela vez é analisada como um caso singular de seu teatro tardio. As relações entre memória e narrativa na experiência individual, tais como propostas pelo texto beckettiano, são examinadas à luz do emprego da voz em off como recurso de encenação. Com base nesses elementos, o artigo discute a pertinência do conceito de paródia para o teatro tardio de Beckett.

abstract The paper proposes a debate on Samuel Beckett’s later theater based on the concept of parody, as discussed by Theodor W. Adorno and Hans-Thies Lehmann, as a reflection both on the crisis of drama and on the possibilities of overcoming it. In this context, the play That Time is analyzed as a singular case of Beckett’s later theater. The relations between memory and narrative in individual experience, as proposed by his play, are considered in the light of voiceover as a major staging device. Based on these elements, the article discusses the relevance of the concept of parody to Beckett’s later theater.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2020.3498.014 574 downloads

SARS-CoV-2 isolation from the first reported patients in Brazil and establishment of a coordinated task network
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Araujo, Danielle Bastos

; Machado, Rafael Rahal Guaragna

; Amgarten, Deyvid Emanuel

; Malta, Fernanda de Mello

; de Araujo, Gabriel Guarany

; Monteiro, Cairo Oliveira

; Candido, Erika Donizetti

; Soares, Camila Pereira

; de Menezes, Fernando Gatti

; Pires, Ana Carolina Cornachioni

; Santana, Rúbia Anita Ferraz

; Viana, Amanda de Oliveira

; Dorlass, Erick

; Thomazelli, Luciano

; Ferreira, Luis Carlos de Sousa

; Botosso, Viviane Fongaro

; Carvalho, Cristiane Rodrigues Guzzo

; Oliveira, Danielle Bruna Leal

; Pinho, João Renato Rebello

; Durigon, Edison Luiz

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volume 115 elocation e200342

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed in Brazil in February 2020, the first cases were followed by an increase in the number of cases throughout the country, resulting in an important public health crisis that requires fast and coordinated responses. OBJECTIVES The objective of this work is to describe the isolation and propagation properties of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the first confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil. METHODS After diagnosis in patients that returned from Italy to the São Paulo city in late February by RT-PCR, SARS-CoV-2 isolates were obtained in cell cultures and characterised by full genome sequencing, electron microscopy and in vitro replication properties. FINDINGS The virus isolate was recovered from nasopharyngeal specimen, propagated in Vero cells (E6, CCL-81 and hSLAM), with clear cytopathic effects, and characterised by full genome sequencing, electron microscopy and in vitro replication properties. Virus stocks - viable (titre 2.11 × 106 TCID50/mL, titre 1.5 × 106 PFUs/mL) and inactivated from isolate SARS.CoV2/SP02.2020.HIAE.Br were prepared and set available to the public health authorities and the scientific community in Brazil and abroad. MAIN CONCLUSION We believe that the protocols for virus growth and studies here described and the distribution initiative may constitute a viable model for other developing countries, not only to help a rapid effective pandemic response, but also to facilitate and support basic scientific research.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760200342 5980 downloads

“Key-hole art”: Samuel Beckett e a peça televisiva
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Gatti, Luciano

ARS (São Paulo)

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dec 2019, Volume 17 N. 37 Pages 197 - 225

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

O artigo situa as peças televisivas de Samuel Beckett em relação à questão da autonomia dos meios artísticos. Aponta-se uma forma de trabalho com o meio televisivo semelhante àquele desenvolvida por Beckett em outros meios (teatro, prosa, rádio): a crítica às convenções de cada gênero (drama, romance, filme televisivo) e o desenvolvimento dos meios de produção. Nesse contexto, o artigo destaca as condições de trabalho disponíveis ao artista nos estúdios da Süddeutscher Rundfunk, em Stuttgart, e, por fim, propõe uma análise de duas das peças televisivas: Eh Joe e … só as nuvens….

The paper discusses Samuel Beckett’s television plays in connection to the autonomy of means of artistic production. It points out a set of similarities between Beckett’s work with the television medium and with other media (theater, prose, radio): a critique of each genre convention (drama, novel, television film) and the development of the means of production. In this context, the article highlights the working conditions available to the artist at the Süddeutscher Rundfunk, in Stuttgart, and proposes an analysis of two television plays: Eh Joe and …but the clouds….

El artículo ubica las obras televisivas de Samuel Beckett en relación con la idea de autonomía de los medios artísticos. Em primer lugar, se señala una forma de trabajar en el ámbito de la producción televisiva similar a aquellas empleadas por Beckett en otros medios (teatro, prosa, radio): la crítica a las convenciones de cada uno de los géneros (drama, romance, película televisiva) y el desarollo de los medios de producción. Em ese sentido, el texto destaca las condiciones de trabajo disponibles en los estúdios de Süddeutscher Rundfunk, en Stuttgart, y, finalmente, propone el análisis de dos obras para televisión: Eh Joe y …but the clouds….

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2019.163101 384 downloads

Plesiomonas shigelloides exports a lethal cytotoxic-enterotoxin (LCE) by membrane vesicles
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Ludovico, Marilucia Santos

; Martins, Luciano Moura

; Bianco, Juares Ednaldo Romero

; Andrade, Célia Guadalupe Tardelli de Jesus

; Falcon, Rosabel

; Joazeiro, Paulo Pinto

; Gatti, Maria Silvia Viccari

; Yano, Tomomasa

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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dec 2016, Volume 20 N. 6 Pages 546 - 555

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from water in Brazil was previously described as a hemorrhagic heat-labile cytotoxic-enterotoxin producer. We purified this toxin from culture supernatants using ion metallic affinity chromatography (IMAC) followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. The pure toxin presented molecular mass of 50 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) around 6.9 by 2D electrophoresis. When injected intravenously, the purified cytotoxic-enterotoxin induced also severe spasms followed by sudden death of mice. Hence, we entitled it as lethal cytotoxic-enterotoxin (LCE). The presence of membrane vesicles (MVs) on cell surfaces of P. shigelloides was observed by scan electron microscopy (SEM). From these MVs the LCE toxin was extracted and confirmed by biological and serological assays. These data suggest that P. shigelloides also exports this cytotoxic-enterotoxin by membrane vesicles, a different mechanism of delivering extra cellular virulence factors, so far not described in this bacterium.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2016.08.014 725 downloads

As peças para televisão de Samuel Beckett: meios de produção, gêneros literários e teoria crítica.
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Gatti, Luciano

ARS (São Paulo)

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jun 2016, Volume 14 N. 27 Pages 91 - 106

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O artigo formula algumas hipóteses para a análise da obra tardia de Samuel Beckett, particularmente as peças para televisão, produzidas pela Süddeutscher Rundfunk - SDR (hoje: Südwestrundfunk - SWR), sob direção do autor, entre 1966 e 1986: Eh Joe , Geistertrio , ..nur noch Gewölk... , Quadrat I + II , Nacht und Träume e Was Wo 1. Sugere-se a abordagem das peças por meio de duas questões - o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos meios de produção e a historicidade dos gêneros artísticos - que teriam suas referências teóricas na reflexão estética de Theodor W. Adorno e Walter Benjamin. Segundo essa perspectiva, as peças para televisão retomam o questionamento das convenções dos gêneros literários, iniciado por Beckett nos trabalhos em prosa e nas peças teatrais, ao desenvolver um novo meio de produção artístico junto à televisão pública alemã.

ABSTRACT The article raises some questions to a further investigation of Samuel Beckett's late works, particularly his television plays produced by the Süddeutscher Rundfunk - SDR (today: Südwestrundfunk - SWR) between 1966 and 1985: Eh Joe , Geistertrio , ... Nur noch Gewölk ... , Quadrat I & II , Nacht und Träume , Was Wo . It is suggested that the television plays might be approached by the technological development of the means of production as well as by the historicity of artistic genres. Both questions have their theoretical background in the aesthetic reflection of Adorno and Benjamin. From this perspective, the television plays resume the rupture of genres that Beckett was already dealing with in his prose and theatre works by configuring a new means of artistic production during his work with the German public television station.

https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2178-0447.ars.2016.117622 1293 downloads

Creutzfeldt-Jakob dementia
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Reis, Fabiano

; Palma, Ana Laura Gatti

; Schwingel, Ricardo

; Torres, Hélio Henrique Jorge

; Oshima, Mariana Mari

; Queiroz, Luciano Souza

; Rogério, Fábio

Radiologia Brasileira

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aug 2015, Volume 48 N. 4 Pages 267 - 268

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2014.0109 5165 downloads

DIARRHEA OUTBREAK IN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL, ASSOCIATED WITH A HEAT-STABLE CYTOTOXIC ENTEROTOXIN PRODUCED BY Aeromonas caviae
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LOPES, Ana Carolina Amaral

; MARTINS, Luciano Moura

; GATTI, Maria Silvia Viccari

; FALAVINA DOS REIS, Cristhiane Moura

; HOFER, Ernesto

; YANO, Tomomasa

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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aug 2015, Volume 57 N. 4 Pages 349 - 351

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Em 2004 ocorreu um surto de diarreia aguda no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Setenta por cento (14 dos 20) dos sobrenadantes de cultura de Aeromonas caviae, isoladas neste episódio induziram acúmulo de líquido em testes de alça ligada de intestino de coelhos, assim como em teste em camundongos recém-nascidos. Os mesmos sobrenadantes mostraram também atividade citotóxica em células de Vero e Caco-2, mas não em células HeLa e HEp2. As atividades enterotóxicas e citotóxicas mantiveram-se mesmo após o aquecimento a 100 ºC dos sobrenadantes de cultura. Este trabalho revela a expressão de um provável fator diarreiogênico: uma enterotoxina-citotóxica termo-estável, produzida por A. caviae que pode ser associada ao surto de diarreia ocorrido no Brasil. Atualmente estamos purificando esta enterotoxina termo-estável, com o objetivo de elucidar seu papel como fator de virulência na diarreia causada por A. caviae.

SUMMARY In the present study enterotoxic and cytotoxic activities of twenty Aeromonas caviaestrains were examined. They originated from fecal specimens of patients with acute diarrhea during an outbreak in Brazil in 2004. Culture supernatants of fourteen strains (70%) caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal intestinal loops and in suckling mice assays, and also showed a cytotoxic activity in Vero and Caco-2 cells. The enterotoxic and cytotoxic factors were heat-stable after culture supernatants treatment at 100 ºC. The results revealed that A. caviaestrains produce a putative diarrheagenic virulence factor, a heat-stable cytotoxic enterotoxin that could be linked to the diarrhea outbreak that took place in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652015000400013 1162 downloads

10.

Adorno e Beckett: aporias da autonomia do drama
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Gatti, Luciano

Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia

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dec 2014, Volume 55 N. 130 Pages 577 - 596

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O artigo procura situar a interpretação proposta por Theodor W. Adorno para a peça "Fim de partida", de Samuel Beckett, no contexto de sua concepção de autonomia da arte. Segundo a hipótese do trabalho, o conceito de autonomia subjaz ao diagnóstico histórico de Adorno a respeito do gênero dramático, o qual justifica sua leitura da peça como uma paródia do drama. O artigo busca mostrar os acertos dessa leitura perante a recepção inicial da peça, e também seus limites, uma vez que resulta em uma abordagem da experiência teatral focada primordialmente na consideração do texto teatral, em detrimento da encenação.

This article aims to situate the interpretation proposed by Theodor W. Adorno for Samuel Beckett’s play "Endgame" in the context of his conception of the autonomy of art. According to the hypothesis of this essay, the concept of autonomy underlies Adorno’s historic diagnostic about the dramatic genre, which justifies his analysis of the play as a parody of drama. The article seeks to demonstrate the successes of this reading in face of the play’s early reception, as well as its limitations, since it results in an approach to the theatrical experience primarily focused on regarding the theatrical text, at the expense of the staging.

4184 downloads

11.

Murphy, antes e depois de Beckett
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Gatti, Luciano

Novos estudos CEBRAP

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mar 2014, N. 98 Pages 203 - 211

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

3083 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

12.

Espaços livres para a fantasia: descrição de imagem, de Heiner Müller
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Gatti, Luciano

Pandaemonium Germanicum

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dec 2013, Volume 16 N. 22 Pages 101 - 121

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O artigo aborda a peça Descrição de imagem, de Heiner Müller, como um exemplo de sua dramaturgia tardia. Pela análise dos diversos movimentos do texto, busca-se entender a qualificação, dada pelo próprio Müller em sua autobiografia, da peça como um autodrama, termo que remeteria, segundo a hipótese do artigo, a um confronto com o gênero brechtiano da peça de aprendizagem (Lehrstück).

The article discusses Heiner Müller's play Description of image as an example of his late playwriting. By analyzing the various movements of the text, we seek to understand its qualification, given by Müller himself in his autobiography, as an autodrama, a term that would refer, according to the hypothesis of the article, to a comparison with the Brechtian genre of the learning play (Lehrstück).

4428 downloads

13.

A experiência urbana nos comentários de Benjamin aos poemas de Brecht
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Gatti, Luciano

Caderno CRH

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aug 2011, Volume 24 N. 62 Pages 263 - 272

Abstract: Pt En Fr | Text: Pt En Fr | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Fr

O artigo aborda os comentários de Walter Benjamin aos poemas do ciclo "Manual para habitantes das cidades" de Bertolt Brecht, a fim de discutir a especificidade da lírica brechtiana no quadro mais geral da reflexão de Benjamin sobre a lírica urbana moderna. Benjamin retoma duas questões decisivas à constituição da obra de Brecht: a sobriedade da linguagem e o ensinamento como forma de transmissão da experiência urbana e política. Esse vínculo entre experiência e transmissão não se reduz à instrução de condições de sobrevivência na cidade grande, mas se constitui, sobretudo, no aprendizado de uma postura crítica perante a cidade. Enquanto a comunicação entre indivíduos isolados é precária e a organização política aproxima-se da ilegalidade, os poemas almejam a constituição de um vínculo entre "eu" e "tu" por meio da reflexão poética da experiência urbana.

This paper discusses Walter Benjamin's comments on the poems of the cycle 'Handbook for city dwellers" by Bertolt Brecht, to discuss the specificity of Brechtian lyricism in the more general debate about the Benjamin's reflexions on modern urban lyricism. Benjamin takes up two critical issues to the constitution of Brecht's work : the sobriety of language and teaching as a means of transmission of the urban and political experience. This link between experience and transmission can not be reduced to the instruction of conditions of survival in the big city, but it is constituted principally in learning a critical stance towards the city. While communication between isolated individuals is poor, and political organization approaches the illegality, the poems aspire to the establishment of a link between "I" and "you" through a poetic reflection of urban experience.

L'article traite des commentaires de Walter Benjamin sur les poèmes du cycle "Manuel pour habitants des villes" de Bertolt Brecht, pour discuter de la spécificité de la lyrique brechtienne dans le cadre plus général de la réflexion de Benjamin sur la lyrique urbaine moderne. Benjamin reprend deux questions essentielles à la constitution de l'œuvre de Brecht : la sobriété du langage et l'enseignement comme moyen de transmission de l'expérience urbaine et politique. Ce lien entre l'expérience et la transmission ne se limite pas à l'énoncé des conditions de survie dans les grandes villes, mais suppose surtout l'apprentissage d'une attitude critique envers la ville. Alors que la communication entre les individus isolés est précaire et que l'organisation politique se rapproche de l'illégalité, les poèmes aspirent à l'établissement d'un lien entre le "moi" et le "toi" grâce à une réflexion poétique de l'expérience urbaine.

4030 downloads

14.

Helicobacter pylori detection in gastric biopsies, saliva and dental plaque of Brazilian dyspeptic patients
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Rasmussen, Lucas Trevizani

; Labio, Roger William de

; Gatti, Luciano Lobo

; Silva, Luiz Carlos da

; Queiroz, Valdeir Fagundes de

; Smith, Marília de Arruda Cardoso

; Payão, Spencer Luiz Marques

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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may 2010, Volume 105 N. 3 Pages 326 - 330

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that causes chronic gastritis and is associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies. The oral cavity has been implicated as a potential H. pylori reservoir and may therefore be involved in the reinfection of the stomach, which can sometimes occur following treatment of an H. pylori infection. The objectives of this paper were (i) to determine the presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity and (ii) to examine the relationship between oral H. pylori and subsequent gastritis. Gastric biopsies, saliva samples and dental plaques were obtained from 78 dyspeptic adults. DNA was extracted and evaluated for the presence of H. pylori using polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting methods. Persons with gastritis were frequently positive for H. pylori in their stomachs (p < 0.0001) and there was a statistically significant correlation between the presence of H. pylori in gastric biopsies and the oral cavity (p < 0.0001). Our results suggest a relationship between gastric infection and the presence of this bacterium in the oral cavity. Despite this, H. pylori were present in the oral cavity with variable distribution between saliva and dental plaques, suggesting the existence of a reservoir for the species and a potential association with gastric reinfection.

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15.

Experiência da transitoriedade: Walter Benjamin e a modernidade de Baudelaire
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Gatti, Luciano

Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia

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jun 2009, Volume 50 N. 119 Pages 159 - 178

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O artigo examina a abordagem feita por Walter Benjamin da concepção de modernidade apresentada pelo poeta e crítico de arte Charles Baudelaire. Após o exame da ideia de beleza moderna nos textos de crítica de Baudelaire, são abordados os motivos da preferência de Benjamin pela apresentação da modernidade na poesia de Baudelaire, particularmente no poema alegórico "Le cygne". Por fim, o texto enfoca a relação entre a poesia moderna de Baudelaire e a concepção de experiência de Benjamin.

The paper investigates the approach made by Walter Benjamin of Charles Baudelaire's conception of modernity. After examining the idea of modern beauty in Baudelaire's critical texts, the reasons of Benjamin's preference for the presentation of modernity in Baudelaire's poetry are analized, particularly, in the allegorical poem "Le cygne". At last, the paper focuses on the relation between Baudelaire's modern poetry and Benjamin's concept of experience.

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