Desenvolveu-se um experimento com vistas em avaliar a utilização do nitrogênio mineralizado da palhada (15N) e do nitrogênio da uréia (15N) aplicada em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi desenvolvido em campo, num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Paleudalf), no município de Piracicaba (SP), de outubro de 1997 a agosto de 1998, e constou de quatro tratamentos: (T1) mistura de vinhaça e uréia aplicada em área total sobre o solo coberto com palhada-15N; (T2) mistura de vinhaça e uréia-15N aplicada em área total sobre o solo coberto com palhada; (T3) mistura de vinhaça e uréia-15N aplicada em área total sobre o solo sem a palhada; (T4) uréia-15N enterrada em sulcos nos dois lados das linhas da cana, com prévia aplicação de vinhaça sobre o solo sem cobertura de palhada. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Comparações de componentes de produtividade da cultura, da acumulação de nitrogênio pela parte aérea e da utilização do nitrogênio da uréia-15N e do mineralizado da palhada-15N, foram realizadas entre os tratamentos. O desenvolvimento vegetal deu-se em um ciclo de 315 dias e foi semelhante nas condições com ou sem palhada de cana-de-açúcar. Do nitrogênio total acumulado na parte aérea da soqueira de cana-de-açúcar, 10 a 16 % foi absorvido do fertilizante e, em média, 4 % do N mineralizado da palhada. A eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio da uréia pela soqueira de cana-de-açúcar foi em média de 17 %, não havendo diferenças entre os tratamentos, e o da palhada foi em média de 8 %. O nitrogênio da palhada foi disponibilizado para a planta no final do ciclo da cultura.

An experiment was carried out to evaluate how mineralized nitrogen from cane trash and urea nitrogen applied to the soil is utilized by sugarcane ratoon. The field experiment was carried out from October 1997 to August 1998 on a Paleudalf soil in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Four treatments were established: (T1) application of a vinasse and urea mixture over the whole soil area covered with cane trash-15N (crop residue); (T2) application of a vinasse and urea-15N mixture over the entire soil area covered with cane trash (crop residue); (T3) application of a vinasse and urea-15N mixture over the whole area without cane trash; (T4) urea-15N buried in furrows on either side of the cane rows, with previous application of vinasse on the soil without cane trash. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design with four replications. Components of crop productivity; accumulation of nitrogen in the aerial part of the sugar cane ratoon; and the crop's use of 15N nitrogen of urea and of mineralized cane trash were evaluated for each treatment. The plant development occurred in a 315 day cycle and was similar in both conditions, with and without cane trash. Ten-16 % of the total nitrogen accumulated in shots of sugarcane ratoon came from the fertilizer and an average of 4 % was absorbed from the mineralized N of cane trash. Mean efficiency of the utilization of urea nitrogen by sugarcane ratoon was 17 %, with no difference among treatments, and that of the cane trash 8 %. Cane trash nitrogen was available to the plant towards the late crop cycle.

Objectives: to analyze in a population of patients of our clinical scope with colorectal cancer the distribution of its ages, possible differences as far as the presentation symptoms, clinical-biological characteristics of its tumors, differences in the treatment and the prognosis. Location: Hospital of Jove de Gijón and the Hospital Central de Asturias of Oviedo Spain during period 1975-1999. Material and methods: retrospective study between the months of July of 2001 to January of 2002 of 473 patients of the urban and rural scope, diagnosed of colorectal cancer. Histologic diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma was realized in all the patients. Data on classic characteristics of the patients were investigated and their tumors as well as their content of DNA, phase S, type of treatment and prognosis of the disease. Results: the mean age of the patients was of 67.5 years (25-90 years) and the greatest incidence was sixth decade, and the lowest incidence corresponded to <40 años (2.1%). The form of clinical presentation that was demonstrated with more frequency, corresponded to rectal bleeding (60.4%), followed of the alteration of the rate intestine (47.9%) and pain (46.9%). In relation to the ages of the patients, we found significant difference as far as the pain (p<0.005), rectal bleeding, alteration of the intestinal rate, tenesme and thinning (p<0.0001). A statistically significant association between the age and the location of the tumor existed, being the more frequent right location in the elderly patients (p<0.034). Also, significant differences as far as the treatment based on the age of the patients existed, those of age more outpost received complementary treatment less frequently (p<0.0001). Significant differences between the curves of free survival of determined disease or total survival for each one of the age groups did not exist. Conclusions: the present study confirms that the colorectal cancer predominantly appears in ages more outposts, than in the old patients exists a predisposition of tumorlike location in the right colon, that does not exist significant difference of other tumorlike characteristics nor of the prognosis of the disease based on the age of the patients.

Objetivos: investigar en una población de pacientes de nuestro ámbito clínico con cáncer colorrectal la distribución de sus edades, posibles diferencias en cuanto a los síntomas de presentación, características clínico-biológicas de sus tumores, diferencias en el tratamiento y en el pronóstico. Emplazamiento: Hospital de Jove de Gijón y el Hospital de referencia, Central de Asturias de Oviedo durante el periodo 1975-1999. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo entre los meses de julio de 2001 a enero de 2002 que incluyo 473 pacientes del ámbito urbano y rural, diagnosticados de cáncer colorrectal. En todos se realizó el diagnóstico histológico de adenocarcinoma colorrectal. Se investigaron las características clásicas de los pacientes y de sus tumores así como su contenido de ADN, fase S, tipo de tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad. Resultados: la edad media de los pacientes fue de 67,5 años (intervalo: 25-90 años). La década de mayor presentación fue la de los 70 años (33,2%) seguida de los 60 (32,6%) y la incidencia más baja correspondió a los <40 años (2,1%). La forma de presentación clínica que se evidenció con más frecuencia correspondió a la rectorragia (60,4%), seguida de la alteración del ritmo intestinal (47,9%) y el dolor (46,9%). En relación con las edades de los pacientes, encontramos diferencia significativa en cuanto al dolor (p<0,005), rectorragia, alteración del ritmo intestinal, tenesmo y adelgazamiento (p<0,0001). Existió una asociación estadística- mente significativa entre la edad y la localización del tumor, siendo la localización derecha más frecuente en los pacientes de edad más avanzada (p<0,034). Asimismo, existieron diferencias significativas en cuanto al tratamiento en función de la edad de los pacientes, los de edad más avanzada recibieron menos frecuentemente tratamiento complementario (p<0,0001). Conclusiones: el presente estudio confirma que el cáncer colorrectal se presenta predominantemente en edades más avanzadas, que en los pacientes ancianos existe una predisposición de localización tumoral en el colon derecho, que no existe diferencia significativa de otras características tumorales ni del pronóstico de la enfermedad en función de la edad de los pacientes.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção da cana-de-açúcar (cana-planta) e a utilização do N da uréia aplicada no plantio, com incorporação de restos culturais ao solo (raízes, rizomas, colmos, ponteiro e folhas secas), desenvolveu-se um experimento em vasos (220 L) que continham terra de textura arenosa. Os fatores de estudo foram: doses de N no plantio 0, 30, 60 e 90 kg ha-1 de N-uréia marcada com 15N e restos culturais de cana-de-açúcar incorporados ao solo, com ou sem folhas secas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, sendo o experimento levado a efeito em Piracicaba (SP), de janeiro a dezembro de 1996. A cana-planta respondeu à adubação nitrogenada em produção de colmos e rendimento em açúcar, independentemente do tipo de resto cultural incorporado ao solo. A adubação nitrogenada, associada à incorporação de resíduos culturais ao solo, fez com que a cana-planta acumulasse maior quantidade total de N. Independentemente da dose de N-uréia aplicada, a planta utilizou 54 % desse N, contribuindo as raízes e rizomas com 10 % dessa recuperação. A fertilização nitrogenada no plantio favoreceu o crescimento das raízes e o estoque de N no sistema radicular.

Sugarcane (plant cane) yield and the N utilization of urea applied onto the cultivation was evaluated in a sandy soil with incorporated crop residues (roots, rhizomes, stalks, tops and dry leaves) in a pot experiment (220 L). The studied factors were: N doses (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1), applied as urea-N labeled with 15N and sugarcane crop residues incorporated in the soil, with and without dry leaves. The design of the experiment was of randomized blocks in three replications, carried out in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, from January to December 1996. Stalk and sugar production increased by the N fertilization, independently of the composition of sugarcane residues incorporated in the soil. Nitrogen fertilization together with incorporated crop residues led to a higher total N accumulation by the plant cane. Independent of the applied urea-N rate, 54 % of N were recovered by the plant, with a percentage of 10 % in rhizomes and roots. Nitrogen fertilization in the cultivation favored the growth of the root system and also increased its reserve of N.

Objective: to analyze the patient's age as prognostic factor in breast cancer. Material and methods: a group of 769 patients diagnosed and treated of breast cancer was restrospectively analyzed. Both oestrogen (RE) and progesterone (RP) receptors, DNA content, and phase S were determined. It was analyzed the correlation between patient's age and clinical histological parameters and the significance prognosis. Results: the mean age of patients was 59 years (range: 26-92 years) and the greatest incidence was in the sixth decade. We found a significant association between patient's age and tumor size (p<0.0001), histologic grade (p<0.018), RE (p<0.014), and phase S (p<0.019). The younger patients showed smaller tumor size, power differentiated and more negative RE tumors grade than older patients. The univariate assays demostrated that tumor size, positive nodal status, and undifferentiated histologic grade were significatively associated with a shorter relapse free survival disease and a shorter overall survival. Nevertheless, there were not differences in the prognosis of patients according to their age. Conclusions: the present study demostrates a significant association between patient's age and clinical, morphologic, and biological characteristics of the breast carcinomas. However, there was not correlation of patient's age with their prognosis. This finding could have important implications to treatment and value of the breast cancer patients

Objetivo: analizar la importancia de la edad como factor pronóstico en el cáncer de mama, lo cual podría tener importantes implicaciones en el tratamiento y manejo clínico de las pacientes. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de 769 pacientes intervenidas quirúrgicamente por cáncer de mama (1983-1999). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 34,4 meses. Se realizaron estudios bioquímicos para la determinación de receptores de estrógenos y progesterona, contenido de ADN y fase S. Resultados: la edad media de las 769 pacientes fue de 59 años, y la década de mayor presentación del cáncer de mama fue la de los 50 años (26,5%). Encontramos una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad de las pacientes y el tamaño tumoral (p<0,0001), grado histológico (p<0,018), contenido de receptores de estrógenos (p<0,014) y fase S (p<0,019). Las pacientes de menor edad tuvieron un mayor número de casos de tumores de menor tamaño, histológicamente menos diferenciados y con receptores estrogénicos negativos. El análisis univariante demostró que el mayor tamaño tumoral, el estadio nodal positivo y el grado histológico indiferenciado de los tumores estuvieron significativa y positivamente asociados con un menor tiempo libre de enfermedad y supervivencia total de las pacientes. Sin embargo, no existieron diferencias significativas en el pronóstico entre los diferentes grupos de pacientes clasificadas en función de sus distintas edades. Conclusiones: el presente estudio demuestra diferencias en las características clínicas, morfoló gicas y biológicas de los carcinomas mamarios en función de la edad de las pacientes. Sin embargo, nuestros resultados no demostraron diferencias significativas en el pronóstico de las pacientes en función de su edad. Ello podría tener importantes implicaciones de cara al tratamiento y manejo clínico de las pacientes, principalmente de aquellas de más avanzada edad.