ABSTRACT A Helicopter rotor undergoes unsteady aerodynamic loads ruled by the aeroelastic coupling between the elastic blades and the dynamic wake induced by rotary wings. Modeling the dynamic interaction between the structural and aerodynamic fields is a key point to understand aeroelastic phenomena associated with rotor stability, flow induced vibration and noise generation, among others. In this study, we address the Generalized Dynamic Wake Model, which describes the inflow velocity field at the rotor disk as a superposition of a finite number of induced flow states. It is a mature model that has been validated based on experimental data and numerically investigated from an eigenvalue problem formulation, whose eigenvalues and eigenvectors provide a deeper insight on the dynamic wake behavior. The paper extends the results presented in the literature to date in order to support physical interpretation of inflow states drawn from the finite-state wake model for flight conditions varying from hover to edgewise flight. The discussion of the wake model mathematical formulation is also oriented towards practical engineering applications to fill a gap in the literature.

Abstract Third molar removal surgery usually comes accompanied by postoperative discomfort, which could be influenced by the surgical approach chosen. This scoping systematic review aimed at compiling the available evidence focused on the influence of flap design, including envelope flap (EF), triangular flap (TF), and modified triangular flap (MTF), on postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus, as primary outcome measures, and any result mentioning healing promotion or delay, as secondary outcome measure, after mandibular third molar extraction surgery. An electronic search, complemented by a manual search, of articles published from 1999 to 2020 was conducted in the Medline (PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science databases including human randomized controlled trials, prospective, and retrospective studies with at least 15 patients. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed either with the Cochrane’s Risk of Bias tool or with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Every step of the review was performed independently and in duplicate. The initial electronic search recovered 2102 articles. After applying the inclusion criteria, 12 articles were included. For patient’s perceived postoperative pain, TF and MTF frequently reported better results than EF. For swelling, the literature is divided, despite a trend favoring EF. For trismus, data showed that its occurrence is mostly associated with the duration of the surgery rather than with the chosen flap. For healing, the limited data is inconclusive. Finally, randomized studies showed a high risk of bias, whereas nonrandomized studies were mostly of good quality and low risk of bias. Although there was no clear consensus regarding the influence of different flap designs for third mandibular molar extraction on postoperative clinical morbidities; the surgeon’s experience, estimated surgical difficulty, molar position and orientation, and surg ery duration should be considered when choosing among the different flap designs.

O manejo agrícola influencia a estrutura do solo, modificando os atributos físicos e o comportamento hídrico do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da semeadura direta (SD) e do preparo convencional (PC) sobre a estrutura do solo, por meio de atributos físicos e da distribuição dos poros, utilizando imagens digitais 2-D. O estudo foi realizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico com delineamento de blocos casualizados. A densidade do solo, macroporosidade, diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP), condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado (Kfs) e análise de imagens digitais 2-D (resolução de 156,25 μm2) foram avaliadas nas profundidades de 0-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Os manejos não diferiram para a densidade e macroporosidade do solo. A SD revelou maior DMP e Kfs em relação ao PC. O PC apresentou maior área total de poros na profundidade de 0-0,20 m em relação ao SD, ocorrendo o inverso na profundidade de 0,20-0,40 m. A SD apresentou maior quantidade de poros complexos de tamanho grande (>0,156 mm2) na camada de 0,20-0,40 m em relação ao PC, que evidenciou predomínio de poros arredondados. A SD demonstrou melhorias na estrutura do solo em relação ao PC, com maior estabilidade dos agregados, condutividade hidráulica e área total de poros, contribuindo para a conservação do solo e da água em sistemas produtivos.

Agricultural management affects soil structure, modifying soil physical properties and soil water movement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on soil structure through physical properties and pore distribution in 2-D digital images. The study was conducted in an Oxisol with a randomized block design. Soil bulk density, soil macroporosity, mean weighted diameter (MWD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (SHC), and analysis of 2-D digital images (156.25 μm2 resolution) were evaluated at the depths of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. Management systems did not differ for soil bulk density and soil macroporosity. The NT showed higher MWD and SHC compared to CT. The CT had a greater total pore area at the 0-0.20 m depth in relation to NT, with the opposite occurring at the 0.20-0.40 m depth. The NT had a greater number of complex pores of large size (>0.156 mm2) at the depth of 0.20-0.40 m in relation to the CT, which showed a predominance of rounded pores. The NT showed improvements in soil structure in relation to the CT, with greater aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity, and total pore area, contributing to soil and water conservation in production systems.

Os sistemas de manejo agrícola do solo podem alterar sua qualidade física e biológica, interferindo no desenvolvimento das culturas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos e microbiológicos de um Latossolo Vermelho e sua relação com parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) irrigado cultivado em dois sistemas de manejo (preparo convencional e semeadura direta), em Campinas-SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas para sistema de manejo e profundidade do solo, analisados nas safras de 2006/07 e 2007/08, com 4 repetições. Os atributos físicos e microbiológicos do solo foram avaliados nas profundidades de 0,00-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,40 m. Para a cultura foram determinados: estande, número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem, massa de mil grãos, massa da parte aérea total e o índice de colheita. A semeadura direta resultou em menor qualidade física do solo na profundidade de 0,00-0,05 m em relação ao preparo convencional, ocorrendo o inverso na profundidade de 0,05-0,10 m. O solo em que foi feita a semeadura direta apresentou melhor qualidade biológica, indicada, principalmente, pelo nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana, respiração basal e quociente metabólico. Os parâmetros biométricos do feijoeiro foram superiores no sistema semeadura direta em relação ao convencional.

Agricultural management systems can alter the physical and biological soil quality, interfering with crop development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and microbiological attributes of a Red Latosol, and its relationship to the biometric parameters of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), irrigated and grown under two management systems (conventional tillage and direct seeding), in Campinas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with a split-plot arrangement for the management system and soil depth, analysed during the 2006/7 and 2007/8 harvest seasons, with 4 replications. The soil physical and microbiological attributes were evaluated at depths of 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m. The following were determined for the crop: density, number of pods per plant, number of beans per pod, thousand seed weight, total weight of the shoots and harvest index. Direct seeding resulted in a lower soil physical quality at a depth of 0.00-0.05 m compared to conventional tillage, while the opposite occurred at a depth of 0.05-0.10 m. The direct seeding showed higher soil biological quality, mainly indicated by the microbial biomass nitrogen, basal respiration and metabolic quotient. The biometric parameters in the bean were higher under the direct seeding compared to conventional tillage.

Sacciolepis (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) is a pantropical genus composed by 23 species, mainly distributed in Africa, with some taxa in America, Asia and Australia. The aims of this work are to test the monophyly of Sacciolepis and to explore its infrageneric relationships. Thirtyone taxa and 80 morphological and anatomical characters, including continuous characters, were analyzed under the maximum parsimony criterion. The monophyly of Sacciolepis was corroborated and its diagnostic characters were discusssed. This paper is the first phylogenetic analysis of Sacciolepis.

Sacciolepis (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) es un género pantropical constituido por 23 especies, distribuidas mayormente en África, con algunos taxones en América, Asia y Australia. Los objetivos de este trabajo son poner a prueba el origen monofilético de Sacciolepis y explorar las relaciones filogenéticas intragenéricas. Se analizaron 31 taxones y 80 caracteres morfológicos y anatómicos, incluyendo caracteres continuos, bajo el criterio de máxima parsimonia. Se corroboró la monofilia del género y se discutieron sus caracteres diagnósticos. Este trabajo es el primer análisis filogenético de Sacciolepis.

The objective of this multicenter prospective study was to determine the clinical efficacy and toxicity of a polychemotherapeutic third generation regimen, VACOP-B, with or without radiotherapy as front-line therapy in aggressive localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ninety-three adult patients (47 males and 46 females, median age 45 years) with aggressive localized non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 43 in stage I and 50 in stage II (non-bulky), were included in the study. Stage I patients received VACOP-B for 6 weeks plus involved field radiotherapy and stage II patients received 12 weeks VACOP-B plus involved field radiotherapy on residual masses. Eighty-six (92.5%) achieved complete remission and 4 (4.3%) partial remission. Three patients (3.2%) were primarily resistant. Ten-year probability of survival, progression-free survival and disease-free survival were 87.3, 79.9 and 83.9%, respectively. Eighty-four patients are surviving at a median observation time of 57 months (range: 6-126). Statistical analysis showed no difference between stages I and II in terms of response, ten-year probability of survival, progression-free survival or disease-free survival. Side effects and toxicity were negligible and were similar in the two patient groups. The results of this prospective study suggest that 6 weeks of VACOP-B treatment plus radiotherapy may be the therapy of choice in stage I aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Twelve weeks of VACOP-B treatment with or without radiotherapy was shown to be effective and feasible for stage II. These observations need to be confirmed by a phase III study comparing first and third generation protocols in stage I-II aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.