Resumo Fundamento A angiotomografia coronária (ATC) tem sido usada para avaliação de dor torácica principalmente em pacientes de baixo risco, e poucos dados existem com pacientes em risco intermediário. Objetivo Avaliar o desempenho de medidas seriadas de troponinas sensíveis e de ATC em pacientes de risco intermediário. Métodos Um total de 100 pacientes com dor torácica, TIMI score 3 ou 4 e troponina negativa foram prospectivamente incluídos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ATC, e aqueles com obstruções ≥ 50% foram encaminhados à cineangiocoronariografia. Pacientes com lesões < 50% recebiam alta hospitalar, receberam alta e foram contatados 30 dias depois por telefonema para avaliação dos desfechos clínicos. Os desfechos foram hospitalização, morte, e infarto agudo do miocárdio em 30 dias. A comparação entre os métodos foi realizada pelo teste de concordância kappa. O desempenho das medidas de troponina e da ATC na detecção de lesões coronárias significativas e desfechos clínicos foi calculado. Os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quando p <0,05. Resultados Estenose coronária ≥ 50% na ATC foi encontrada em 38% dos pacientes e lesões coronárias significativas na angiografia coronária foram encontradas em 31 pacientes. Dois eventos clínicos foram observados. A análise de concordância Kappa mostrou baixa concordância entre as medidas de troponina e ATC na detecção de lesões coronárias significativas (kappa = 0,022, p = 0,78). O desempenho da ATC para detectar lesões coronárias significativas na angiografia coronária ou para prever eventos clínicos em 30 dias foi melhor que as medidas de troponina sensível (acurácia de 91% versus 60%). Conclusão ATC teve melhor desempenho que as medidas seriadas de troponina na detecção de doença coronariana significativa em pacientes com dor torácica e risco intermediário para eventos cardiovasculares.

Abstract Background Coronary tomography angiography (CTA) has been mainly used for chest pain evaluation in low-risk patients, and few data exist regarding patients at intermediate risk. Objective To evaluate the performance of serial measures of sensitive troponin and CTA in intermediate-risk patients. Methods A total of 100 patients with chest pain, TIMI risk scores of 3 or 4, and negative troponin were prospectively included. All patients underwent CTA and those with coronary stenosis ≥ 50% were referred to invasive coronary angiography. Patients with coronary lesions <50% were discharged and contacted 30 days later by a telephone call to assess clinical outcomes. Outcomes were hospitalization, death, and myocardial infarction at 30 days. The comparison between methods was performed by Kappa agreement test. The performance of troponin measures and CTA for detecting significant coronary lesions and clinical outcomes was calculated. Results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results Coronary stenosis ≥ 50% on CTA was found in 38% of patients and significant coronary lesions on coronary angiography were found in 31 patients. Two clinical events were observed. Kappa agreement analysis showed low agreement between troponin measures and CTA in the detection of significant coronary lesions (kappa = 0.022, p = 0.78). The performance of CTA for detecting significant coronary lesions on coronary angiography or for predicting clinical events at 30 days was better than sensitive troponin measures (accuracy of 91% versus 60%). Conclusion CTA performed better than sensitive troponin measures in the detection of significant coronary disease in patients with chest pain and intermediate risk for cardiovascular events.

Abstract The Direct Reduction (DR) process has been growing worldwide, and there are strong context suggestions that it will grow even more. One of these factors is the environmental pressure that occurs worldwide, and there are already projects to migrate Blast Furnace route steel plants to the Direct Reduction (DR) route, due to its smaller carbon footprint. Considering the importance of this process and the challenges of carrying out experimental tests on a pilot scale, an adequate way to evaluate the process and its impacts is through numerical simulations. There are different techniques applied to models that describe the counter-current reactor in the DR process, but none of them account for the clustering phenomenon. Clustering occurs because of the sintering of the metallic iron on the surface of the pellets in such a way that they attach to each other, forming clusters that hinder the gas flow through the shaft. The present study attempted to adapt a numerical model of a DR process to account for the effect of the cluster formation. Some clustering index equations from literature and some developed as part of this study were used and tested in the model, as a function of temperature, by varying the solid volume fraction in the control unit. The equation that resulted in the adjusted output closest to the current empirical value was implemented in the model and proved to be successful.

ABSTRACT Currently, there is a little and sparse information about how the growing conditions influence the spatial variation of wood along the stem. Thus, the aim of this study was to compile the knowledge from literature in a manuscript for better understanding to what extent the growing conditions influence the spatial variation of wood properties in Eucalyptus plantations. The wood characteristics may present variations in their properties and can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. However, how genetic and environmental factor acts on wood variation along the trunk is still unclear. Another point is that even with new genetic breeding programs, the mechanical properties of wood have not been considered in these programs, since the selection of new material is always based on the growing rate, cellulose and lignin content and wood density.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish the correlation between the size of the wood knots and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the compressive strength (Fc) in Eucalyptus wood. 156 Eucalyptus urophylla samples with knots were separated into 3 classes (small, medium and large knots), and samples were selected from the same tree and submitted to the parallel fiber compression test for MOE and Fc determination. There was a significant difference between the MOE and Fc of the smaller knot class (Class 1) and the other classes with larger knots (Classes 2 and 3). In general, the larger the knot, the greater the difference between the MOE and Fc. Wood with small knots (8.31 mm2) presents stiffness and strength statistically equal to wood free of defects. Eucalyptus wood stiffness is more sensitive to the presence of knots than the strength when compared to clear wood samples.

A vegetação de restinga é uma formação típica que ocorre nas planícies costeiras arenosas da costa brasileira, principalmente sobre solos quartzosos e pobres em nutrientes. Neste trabalho, foram estudados solos sob vegetação de restinga na Ilha do Cardoso (SP), com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para melhor entendimento de sua gênese e contribuir para o aprimoramento do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos (SiBCS). Para isso, realizou-se uma caracterização físico-química e morfológica detalhada desses solos. Os resultados mostraram solos hidromórficos, arenosos, muito ácidos, com teores variáveis de MO, sendo a podzolização o principal processo pedogenético presente. A presença de materiais sulfídricos também ocorre em conseqüência da influência de material subjacente diferenciado, não guardando relação com a podzolização. Os principais fatores que influenciaram a distribuição dos solos foram a idade de estabilização do material de origem e a microtopografia, que reflete a influência do lençol freático. Os Espodossolos estudados são holocênicos e a podzolização é diretamente influenciada pela hidromorfia, sendo este o fator decisivo na gênese do horizonte espódico. O SiBCS mostrou falhas na classificação da ordem Espodossolos a partir do segundo nível categórico (subordem), sobretudo no que diz respeito ao acúmulo de Fe no horizonte espódico. Como a presença de sulfetos pode afetar parte dos solos estudados, se drenados, gerando horizontes sulfúricos, sugere-se a inserção da denominação "tiônico" no quarto nível categórico desta ordem, além da adoção de um critério químico na distinção das subordens.

Restinga is a typical vegetation on quartzitic, sandy, nutrient-poor parent materials along the Brazilian coast. Soils under restinga vegetation on the Ilha do Cardoso (SP) were studied to understand their genesis and to improve the Brazilian Soil Classification System (SiBCS). Thus, a physical, chemical and detailed morphological characterization was carried out. The results evidenced aquic, sandy, very acid soils with variable organic matter content, in which podzolization is the main pedogenic process. Sulphidric materials also occur due to the influence of different underlying iron sulphide-bearing materials, not related to podzolization. The main factors that affect soil distribution are the age of parent material and the microtopography, which reflects the influence of the water table. The studied Spodosols are holocenic and podzolization depends on aquic conditions, which is determinant for the genesis of the spodic horizon. The SiBCS classification of the Spodosol order at the 2 nd category level (suborder) is misleading, mainly in relation to the accumulation of iron in the spodic horizon. Chemical criteria in the suborder definition of the SiBCS should be defined and the "thionic" qualifier at the 4 th category level should be included due to the possibility of formation of acid sulphate soils in artificially drained areas.