Objective: To estimate the incidence of excess of body weight in the school period and explore possible association with prenatal factors. Methodology: An epidemiological study with a longitudinal design was carried out. All children from the first to the fifth grade of elementary school, aged between seven and 10 years old, enrolled in public and private schools and from families residing in Palhoça City, Santa Catarina State, who had participated in the previous stage of the study in 2015, were included. To obtain the BMI, weight and height were collected in schools. Data related to the prenatal period were obtained with interviews with mothers or guardians, at home. The analyses were performed using Poisson Regression with a robust estimator. Statistically significant variables and those with p ≤ 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were included in the multivariate. Results: 228 students were included. The incidence rate of excess weight was 19.3%, with 17.1% being overweight and 2.2% being obese. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that students who were born with Apgar in the first minute ≤ 7 had a statistically significant risk and 34% higher relative risk of developing excess weight in the school period. Conclusion: The incidence of overweight was 19.3%. Prenatal factors were not associated with incidence, except for a low Apgar score in the first minute.

Objetivo: Estimar a incidência de excesso de peso corporal no período escolar e a associação com fatores pré-natais. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de delineamento longitudinal. Incluídas crianças com 10 anos matriculadas em escolas públicas e privadas e de famílias residentes em Palhoça/SC participantes da pesquisa em 2015. Para o índice de massa corporal, coletaram-se peso e estatura. Dados do período pré-natal foram obtidos em entrevistas com as mães ou responsáveis. As análises ocorreram por regressão de Poisson com estimador robusto. As variáveis estatisticamente significativas e aquelas com p ≤ 0,25 na análise bivariada foram incluídas na multivariada. Resultados: Foram incluídos 228 escolares. A taxa de incidência de excesso de peso foi de 19,3% — 17,1% de sobrepeso e 2,2% de obesidade. Os resultados da análise multivariada mostraram que escolares que nasceram com Apgar no primeiro minuto ≤ 7 apresentaram risco relativo estatisticamente significativo e independente 34% maior de desenvolver excesso de peso no período escolar. Conclusão: A incidência de excesso de peso foi de 19,3%. Fatores pré-natais não se mostraram associados à incidência, com exceção de baixo Apgar no primeiro minuto.

The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of leptospirosis incidence according to rainfall levels in Santa Catarina State between 2005 and 2015. This is an ecological time-series study involving data on leptospirosis incidence and rainfall indexes in Santa Catarina State Health Regions. The distribution of leptospirosis, rainfall indexes, and cases/rainfall ratios, according to seasonality and stratified by Health Regions, were evaluated. There were 5,274 cases, with an average rate of 7.03 cases/100,000 inhabitants per year, varying from 24 to 1,458 cases (Serra Catarinense and Northeast regions, respectively) in Santa Catarina, revealing an increase in the rates of 0.70 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Serra Catarinense and 13.99 cases/100,000 inhabitants in the Northeast. Four regions (Foz do Rio Itajaí, Médio Vale do Itajaí, Grande Florianópolis and Northeast) were responsible for 71.8% of the cases, particularly in the Northeast region (38.5%). The five regions with the highest rates presented greater risk of leptospirosis (RR > 1), ranging from 10.9 to 19.9 more new cases of the disease. The average rainfall volume for Santa Catarina State was 158.69 mm, ranging from 136.44 mm in Laguna to 186.81 mm in the Northeast. The five regions contributed with 32.8% of the rainfall index accumulated in the period. In conclusion, leptospirosis occurred all around Santa Catarina State, differing its temporal trend according to the Health Regions. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of leptospirosis incidence according to rainfall levels in Santa Catarina State between 2005 and 2015. This is an ecological time-series study involving data on leptospirosis incidence and rainfall indexes in Santa Catarina State Health Regions. The distribution of leptospirosis, rainfall indexes, and cases/rainfall ratios, according to seasonality and stratified by Health Regions, were evaluated. There were 5,274 cases, with an average rate of 7.03 cases/100,000 inhabitants per year, varying from 24 to 1,458 cases (Serra Catarinense and Northeast regions, respectively) in Santa Catarina, revealing an increase in the rates of 0.70 cases/100,000 inhabitants in Serra Catarinense and 13.99 cases/100,000 inhabitants in the Northeast. Four regions (Foz do Rio Itajaí, Médio Vale do Itajaí, Grande Florianópolis and Northeast) were responsible for 71.8% of the cases, particularly in the Northeast region (38.5%). The five regions with the highest rates presented greater risk of leptospirosis (RR > 1), ranging from 10.9 to 19.9 more new cases of the disease. The average rainfall volume for Santa Catarina State was 158.69 mm, ranging from 136.44 mm in Laguna to 186.81 mm in the Northeast. The five regions contributed with 32.8% of the rainfall index accumulated in the period. In conclusion, leptospirosis occurred all around Santa Catarina State, differing its temporal trend according to the Health Regions.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a relação entre excesso de peso aos 6 anos de idade e condições socioeconômicas ao nascimento, amamentação, práticas iniciais de alimentação e peso ao nascer. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, envolvendo 473 escolares de 6 anos de idade de escolas públicas e privadas, residentes em um município do sul do Brasil. Dados sócio-demográficos e referentes à amamentação e outras práticas iniciais de alimentação foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as mães nos domicílios. O peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional foram obtidos por meio de consulta à carteira de saúde. Dados antropométricos dos escolares foram coletados em visitas às escolas. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e multivariada por meio da Regressão de Poisson entre as variáveis independentes e o excesso de peso. Resultados A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 33,2%; 83,2% das crianças foram amamentadas e desses, 48,4% tiveram amamentação exclusiva nos primeiros seis meses. Crianças não amamentadas apresentaram prevalência 20% maior (RP=1,20; IC95% 1,13; 1,28) de excesso de peso. Crianças com amamentação exclusiva por seis meses apresentaram menor prevalência de excesso de peso (RP=0,94; IC95% 0,89; 0,99). Conclusão O aleitamento materno neste estudo mostrou-se como um fator protetor para o excesso de peso.

ABSTRACT Objective To review the relationship between overweight at 6 years of age and socioeconomic conditions at birth, breastfeeding, early feeding practices and birth weight. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 473 six-year-old schoolchildren from public and private schools living in a municipality in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic and breastfeeding data and other initial feeding practices were obtained through interviews with the mothers at home. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained from the child’s health card. Anthropometric data of the schoolchildren were collected during school visits. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed using the Poisson Regression between the independent variables and overweight. Results The prevalence of overweight was 33.2%; 83.2% of the children were breastfed and out of these, 48.4% were breastfed only in the first six months. Non-breastfed children exhibited a 20% higher overweight prevalence (PR=1.20; 95%CI 1.13; 1.28). Children with exclusive breastfeeding for six months exhibited a lower overweight prevalence (PR=0.94; 95%CI 0.89; 0.99). Conclusion In this study, breastfeeding showed to be a protective factor for overweight.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to analyze the temporal trend of leptospirosis incidence, according to rainfall levels in Santa Catarina, according to seasonality, from 2005 to 2015. This is an ecological study of time series, with date of leptospirosis, rainfall levels and population. The incidence rates of leptospirosis, relative excess of incidence, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and an angular coefficient (β) were analyzed from the linear regression adjustment, with a 5% significance level. Distribution of leptospirosis cases, rainfall levels and cases reason/rainfall levels, stratified by month of occurrence were presented. There were 5,274 cases of leptospirosis, with the monthly average being 439 cases, ranging from 211 in September to 770 in January. The mean rate of leptospirosis was 7.03 per 100,000 habitants. The average rainfall level was 158.68 mm, with the lowest levels occurring in August, average of 124.9 mm, and the highest in January average of 213.20 mm. The positive correlation between leptospirosis rates and rainfall levels, during the period from January to December (r = 0.68, p = 0.023), indicates a positive temporal association between the amount of rainfall and the cases of the disease. The disease occurred all year round and presented a distinct seasonality from October to March.