Peach is a perennial culture that requires for its growth soils without limitations, on the basis of it the objective of this work was to study the chemical changes produced in soils on flooding conditions, from flowering to fruit production, relating it to the quality and amount of the fruit. The experiment was a done at an Argiudoll soil of vertic characteristics, with an outstanding Bt horizon that has 35- 38% of clay. Two treatments were made: control, without flooding (c) and with flooding (T). In the treatment (C), the hydric availability was subject to the climatic conditions that happened during the test, including the accomplishment of complementary irrigation allowing at any moment soil to stay in optimal conditions of moisture. The results of the test were related to changes in soil chemical characteristics. Flooded soils had, deficient levels of phosphorus and potassium that resulted in a smaller yield (Fresh and dry weight of fruit). Chemical analyses in plant followed the same tendency in relation to the contents of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that diminished substantially as the content of dry matter, that was reflected in the diminution of the quality of fruit in relation to its firmness and size.

El duraznero es un cultivo perenne que requiere para su crecimiento un suelo sin limitaciones, en base a ello el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los cambios químicos producidos en el suelo en condiciones de anegamiento, desde floración hasta fructificación, relacionándolo a la calidad y cantidad de la fruta. Se trabajó con un suelo Argiudol de características vérticas, con un destacado horizonte Bt que posee 35-38% de arcilla. Se realizaron dos tratamientos: control, sin anegamiento (C) y con anegamiento (T). En el tratamiento (C), la disponibilidad hídrica de los mismos estuvo sujeta a las condiciones climáticas que se presentaron durante el ensayo, incluyendo la realización de riego complementario permitiendo en todo momento que el suelo se mantenga en condiciones óptimas de humedad. Los resultados del ensayo estuvieron relacionados a los cambios en las características químicas del suelo, planta y fruto. Los suelos anegados tuvieron, contenidos de fósforo y potasio deficientes que repercutió en un menor rendimiento (peso del fruto fresco y seco). Los análisis químicos en planta siguieron la misma tendencia en relación a los contenidos de nitrógeno total, fósforo y potasio que disminuyeron sustancialmente como así también el contenido de materia seca. Estas variables determinaron la disminución de la calidad de fruta en relación a su firmeza y tamaño.

The aim of this work was to improve the diagnosis of potassium fertilization, correcting the value of available potassium (Ki) obtained by the ammonium acetate method (1N pH 7), by means of the Karpinets B residual index. The B residual index is used to determine the amount of added fertilizer which is fixed in high specificity sites and not available in immediate form for plants. On this basis, an assay was conducted in the Argentine agricultural regions of the Pampa and Mesopotamia, in which the amount of K in fertilizers effectively available to plants was determined as Ki. The measured Ki data were compared with estimates based on the B index fitted equation. Correlations between the Ki measured in the assay and those calculated by the equation was r = 0.98 (p < 0.001)), showing that the equation can be used to adjust the dose of K added as fertilizer.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue mejorar el diagnóstico de la fertilización potásica, corrigiendo el valor del K intercambiable (Ki) obtenido por el método del acetato de amonio 1N pH 7, con el índice de residualidad de Karpinets (B). El índice de residualidad B determina la cantidad del fertilizante agregado que se fija en sitios de alta especificidad, quedando retenido y no disponible en forma inmediata para las plantas. Con esta base, se realizó un ensayo en suelos de la región agrícola Pampeana y Mesopotámica Argentina, en los que se determinó la cantidad del K del fertilizante efectivamente disponible para las plantas como potasio intercambiable. Los datos de Ki se compararon con estimaciones realizadas en base a la ecuación de corrección realizada con el índice B. Las correlaciones entre el Ki obtenido del ensayo y el calculado, dieron una correlación de r = 0.98 (p <0,001)), mostrando que la ecuación sirve para ajustar la dosis de K agregada como fertilizante.

Anthracyclines, a class of antitumor drugs widely used for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies, cause a cumulative dose-dependent cardiac toxicity whose biochemical basis is unclear. Recent studies of the role of the metabolites of anthracyclines, i.e., the alcohol metabolite doxorubicinol and aglycone metabolites, have suggested new hypotheses about the mechanisms of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. In the present study, human red blood cells were used as a cell model. Exposure (1 h at 37ºC) of intact human red blood cells to doxorubicinol (40 µM) and to aglycone derivatives of doxorubicin (40 µM) induced, compared with untreated red cells: i) a ~2-fold stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and ii) a marked inhibition of the red cell antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (~20%) and superoxide dismutase (~60%). In contrast to doxorubicin-derived metabolites, doxorubicin itself induced a slighter PPP stimulation (~35%) and this metabolic event was not associated with any alteration in glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase or superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, the interaction of hemoglobin with doxorubicin and its metabolites induced a significant increase (~22%) in oxygen affinity compared with hemoglobin incubated without drugs. On the basis of the results obtained in the present study, a new hypothesis, involving doxorubicinol and aglycone metabolites, has been proposed to clarify the mechanisms responsible for the doxorubicin-induced red blood cell toxicity.