ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intake of micronutrients with antioxidant properties through exclusive enteral nutrition therapy (ENT) in hospitalized patients with chronic diseases compared to the estimated average requirement (EAR). Methods: This prospective, longitudinal, descriptive, observational study was performed in a public hospital, with adult and elderly patients. The adequacy of the volume of ENT prescribed and offered was considered satisfactory when >80%. The adequacy of micronutrients with antioxidant properties was performed according to the estimated average need (EAR). Data were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: Of the 53 included patients, 58.5% were male. Most of patients (45.3%) were in the neurology clinic, and the main cause was cerebral vascular accident (18.9%). The volume administered was less than the prescribed volume of ENT in both male and female patients. However, recommendations for micronutrients with antioxidant properties, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, selenium, copper and iron, are according to EAR and did not exceed the tolerable intake limit (upper limit, UL), (p<0.05). The present study shows a very large variability in the concentration of micronutrients in each enteral diet. It is necessary to consider the pathologies that affect the patient, as some health conditions may be able to require specific amounts of micronutrients. Conclusions: Patients received a lower volume of enteral nutrition therapy compared to the prescribed volume. The micronutrient concentrations were consistent with daily EAR recommendations and did not exceed the tolerable intake limit (UL) for healthy individuals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta de micronutrientes con propiedades antioxidantes a través de la terapia de nutrición enteral exclusiva (ENT) en pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades crónicas en comparación con el requerimiento promedio estimado (RPE). Métodos: Prospectivo, longitudinal, descriptivo y de observación, se realizó en un hospital público con pacientes adultos y ancianos. La adecuación del volumen de ENT prescrito y ofrecido se consideró satisfactoria cuando fue >80%. La adecuación de micronutrientes con propiedades antioxidantes se realizó de acuerdo con la RPE. Se consideraron estadísticamente significativos p<0,05. Resultados: De los 53 pacientes incluidos, 58,5% eran hombres. La mayoría de los pacientes (45,3%) se encontraban en la consulta de neurología y la principal causa fue el accidente vascular cerebral (18,9%). El volumen administrado fue menor que el volumen prescrito de ENT tanto en pacientes masculinos como femeninos. Sin embargo, las recomendaciones de micronutrientes con propiedades antioxidantes, como vitamina A, vitamina C, vitamina E, zinc, selenio, cobre y hierro, están de acuerdo con la RPE y no superan el límite de ingesta tolerable (UL), (p<0,05). El presente estudio muestra una variabilidad muy grande en la concentración de micronutrientes en cada dieta enteral. Es necesario considerar las patologías que afectan al paciente, ya que algunas condiciones de salud pueden requerir cantidades específicas de micronutrientes. Conclusiones: Los pacientes recibieron un volumen menor de ENT en comparación con el volumen prescrito. Las concentraciones de micronutrientes fueron consistentes con las recomendaciones diarias de la RPE y no excedieron el límite de ingesta tolerable (UL) para individuos sanos.

Resumo Vinte e três linhagens bacterianas degradadoras de hidrocarbonetos foram isoladas de água subterrânea contaminada por vazamento em posto de combustível no sul da Amazônia, Brasil. Com base na habilidade de degradar hidrocarbonetos (diesel, hexadecano, benzeno, tolueno e xileno), duas linhagens foram selecionadas para estudos posteriores. A amplificação e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA demonstrou que essas linhagens pertencem ao gênero Bacillus (Bacillus sp. L26 and Bacillus sp. L30). Análises de GC-MS mostraram que a linhagem L30 foi mais eficiente em degradar n-alcanos (C10-C27) presentes no diesel, após 7 dias de cultivo em meio mineral. Ambas as linhagens produziram biossurfactantes e apresentaram atividade emulsificante, especialmente a linhagem L30. O gene alcano hidroxilase (grupo III), o qual é importante para degradação de alcanos, foram detectados nas linhagens. Como resultado, este estudo indicou que essas linhagens bacterianas podem ser promissoras se aplicadas em processos de biorremediação.

Abstract Twenty-three hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria strains were isolated from gas station leaking-contaminated groundwater located in the Southern Amazon, Brazil. Based on hydrocarbon (diesel, hexadecane, benzene, toluene and xylene) degradation ability, two strains were selected for further study. The amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that these two strains belonged to the genus Bacillus (Bacillus sp. L26 and Bacillus sp. L30). GC-MS analysis showed that strain L30 was the most effective in degrading n-alkane (C10-C27) from diesel after 7 days of cultivation in mineral medium. Both strains produced biosurfactants and showed emulsification activity, specially the strain L30. Alkane hydroxylase gene (group III), which is important for alkane biodegradation, was present in strains. As a result, this study indicated that these bacteria could have promising applications in hydrocarbon bioremediation.

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou a resposta da grama-tapete à aplicação de dejeto líquido de suíno para determinar a eficiência agronômica e estimar a disponibilidade de nitrogênio desse esterco. O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo durante dois anos, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições dos seguintes tratamentos: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 e 500 kg N ha-1 ano-1, o que resultou em 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 300 m3 ha-1 ano-1 (2008/2009) e em 0, 42, 84, 126, 168 e 210 m3 ha-1 ano-1 (2009-2010), de acordo com o conteúdo de nitrogênio do dejeto utilizado em cada ano. Esses tratamentos foram comparados com o nitrato de amônio (200 kg N ha-1 ano-1). A produção de matéria seca em resposta às doses do dejeto líquido de suíno foi linear. Em 2008/2009 a matéria seca variou de 2.600 (0 kg N ha-1) a 7.718 kg ha-1 (500 kg N ha-1), e em 2009-2010, oscilou entre 4.310 (0 kg N ha-1) e 12.321 kg ha-1 (500 kg N ha-1). A eficiência agronômica média do dejeto foi de 15 kg MS kg-1 N e inferior à obtida com o nitrato de amônio (27 kg MS kg-1 N). A quantidade de N disponível do dejeto variou pouco entre os anos. A fração de N disponibilizada desse esterco para a pastagem foi de 0,64 (2008-09) e de 0,60 (2009-10).

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the response of carpet grass to pig slurry fertilization in order to estimate the agronomic efficiency and the plant-available nitrogen (N) of such manure. A field test was conducted during two years, following a randomized block design with six replicates of the treatments: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha-1 year-1, which resulted in 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 m3 ha-1 (2008/09), and 0, 42, 84, 126, 168 and 210 m3 ha-1 (2009/10), according to the N content of the pig slurry used in each year. These treatments were compared with ammonium nitrate (200 kg N ha-1 year-1), in order to estimate the plant-available nitrogen of the manure for the pasture. Pig slurry doses increased linearly the dry matter yield. In 2008/2009, it was increased from 2,600 (0 kg N ha-1) to 7,718 kg ha-1 (500 kg N ha-1), while in 2009-2010 it ranged from 4,310 (0 kg N ha-1) to 12,321 kg ha-1 (500 kg N ha-1). The average agronomic efficiency of the manurewas 15 kg DM kg-1 N and it was lower than that found with ammonium nitrate (27 kg DM kg-1 N).The estimated plant-available N of the pig slurry was similar between the growing years. The N fraction of this manure available to the pasture was 0.64 (2008-09) and 0.60 (2009-10).

Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a major public health problem. In Brazil it has been estimated that 2,000,000 people are affected by CAP every year. Of those, 780,000 are admitted to hospital, and 30,000 have death as the outcome. This is an open-label, non-comparative study with the purpose of evaluating efficacy, safety, and tolerability levels of IV azithromycin (IVA) and IV ceftriaxone (IVC), followed by oral azithromycin (OA) for the treatment of inpatients with mild to severe CAP. Eighty-six patients (mean age 56.6 ± 19.8) were administered IVA (500mg/day) and IVC (1g/day) for 2 to 5 days, followed by AO (500mg/day) to complete a total of 10 days. At the end of treatment (EOT) and after 30 days (End of Study - EOS) the medication was evaluated clinically, microbiologically and for tolerability levels. Out of the total 86-patient population, 62 (72.1%) completed the study. At the end of treatment, 95.2% (CI95: 88.9% - 100%) reported cure or clinical improvement; at the end of the study, that figure was 88.9% (CI95: 74.1% - 91.7%). Out of the 86 patients enrolled in the study, 15 were microbiologically evaluable for bacteriological response. Of those, 6 reported pathogen eradication at the end of therapy (40%), and 8 reported presumed eradication (53.3%). At end of study evaluation, 9 patients showed pathogen eradication (50%), and 7 showed presumed eradication (38.89%). Therefore, negative cultures were obtained from 93.3% of the patients at EOT, and from 88.9% at the end of the study. One patient (6.67% of patient population) reported presumed microbiological resistance. At study end, 2 patients (11.11%) still reported undetermined culture. Uncontrollable vomiting and worsening pneumonia condition were reported by 2.3% of patients. Discussion and Conclusion Treatment based on the administration of IV azithromycin associated to ceftriaxone and followed by oral azithromycin proved to be efficacious and well-tolerated in the treatment of Brazilian inpatients with CAP.