Resumo Os incêndios florestais são considerados um dos maiores problemas ambientais em todo o mundo, comprometendo seriamente o desenvolvimento sustentável. No setor público, a prevenção e combate aos incêndios florestais tornaram-se um desafio para os gestores, que precisam lidar, entre outras questões, com a falta de recursos e de políticas públicas orientadas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi contabilizar os gastos operacionais dos veículos e aeronaves do setor público empregados no combate a um incêndio florestal de grande proporção na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama, estado do Espírito Santo, utilizando dados ex post facto na elaboração de equações matemáticas. Os resultados dizem respeito aos gastos com combustíveis, manutenções e seguros, não sendo possível contabilizar os dispêndios com pneus, lubrificantes e graxas, por falta de dados oficiais. Nos resultados, constatou-se o emprego de 36 veículos leves e 27 pesados e 3 aeronaves de origem militar, além da locação de 19 veículos de apoio. Concluiu-se que o maior gasto foi de instituições estaduais, representando 72% do total dos custos com manutenções das aeronaves e 50% do gasto total de combustível, incluindo querosene de aviação. Em média diária, foram queimados cerca de 180 hectares nos limites do entorno da Reserva, demandando um desembolso financeiro operacional médio diário de R$17.595,23 e mais R$64.264,47 de depreciação mensal dos equipamentos. Constatou-se, ainda, que esses gastos só não foram maiores em razão das significativas contribuições de empresas privadas.

Abstract Forest fires are considered one of the biggest environmental issues in the world as they seriously affect the sustainable development. In the public sector, prevention and fight of forest fires has become a challenge for the managers who need to deal, among other issues, with the lack of resources and targeted public policies. The objective of this work was to calculate the operational expenses of vehicles and aircraft of the public sector used in the fight against a large forest fire in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, state of Espírito Santo, using ex post facto data, in the preparation of mathematical equations. The results refer to fuel, maintenance and insurance expenses. Also, it is not possible to calculate expenses with tires, lubricants and greases due to lack of official data. The results showed the use of 36 light vehicles, 27 heavy vehicles and three military aircrafts, in addition to the rental of 19 supporting vehicles. It was concluded that the largest expenditure was from State institutions that accounted for 72% of total costs with aircraft maintenance and 50% of total expenditure with jet fuel (kerosene). On a daily average, around 180 hectares were burned in the limits and surroundings of the Reserve, which required an average daily operating expense of R$ 17,595.23 and a monthly depreciation of R$ 64,264.47. It was also found that these expenses were not higher due to the significant contributions of private companies.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the root canal real length (RL) changes due to the mechanical instrumentation use with different flaring magnitudes. After access cavity, 60 mesial root canals of mandibular molars were randomly separated in three groups: Hyflex EDM (HF; #25/.12, #10/.05 e #25/~), Reciproc Blue (RB; R25), and MTwo (M2; #10/.04, #15/.05, #20/.06 e #25/.06). The RL was defined as the apical limit, and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solution was chosen. After the access cavity (RL 1), cervical flaring (RL 2), and complete chemical-mechanical preparation (RL 3), the RL was evaluated. The RL was evaluated by a blind examiner with the aid of a microscope (16x) placing the endodontic file stop at the coronary reference. When comparing length measurements, the RL was shorter before instrumentation than that after instrumentation. A reduction of 0.65 mm (HF), 0.61 mm (RB), and 0.48 mm (M2) was observed. However, among groups, no statistical differences were found (p > 0.05). Under the conditions tested, it can be inferred that all mechanical systems provoked RL variations, which emphasizes the need for constant verification of the odontometry, mainly before root canal obturation.

Abstract This study evaluated the chemical profile and antimicrobial activity of essential oil (EO) ofP. dioica. The EOs were extracted by hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The total phenolics were quantified by the FolinCiocalteu method. For the antimicrobial assay, the Disc Diffusion and Broth Dilution method were applied to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The main constituent of the EO was eugenol. The EO showed bactericidal activity against E. coli,S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., B. cereus, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. sonnei, C. albicans, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp.andAspergilus sp.The results obtained are encouraged by the potential use of the EO studied in the control and combat of pathogenic microorganisms.

Resumen Este estudio evaluó el perfil químico y la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial (AE) de P. dioica. Los AE fueron extraídos por hidrodestilación y caracterizados químicamente por cromatografía de gases acoplados a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Los fenólicos totales fueron cuantificados por el método Folin-Ciocalteu. Para el ensayo antimicrobiano, se aplicó el método de difusión de discos y dilución de caldo para obtener la concentración inhibitoria mínima y la concentración bactericida mínima. El componente principal de la AE fue el eugenol. La AE mostró actividad bactericida contra E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., B. cereus, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. sonnei, C. albicans, Fusarium sp., Penicilliumsp. yAspergilussp. Los resultados obtenidos son estimulados por el uso potencial de la AE estudiada en el control y combate de microorganismos patógenos.

Resumo A religiosidade é compreendida como a capacidade de vivenciar a experiência religiosa, gerando outra capacidade que é a de criar ou estimular a energia interior que impulsiona atitudes e comportamentos. A espiritualidade pode ser entendida como a busca de um significado e sentido para a vida, em esferas que transcendem o tangível. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento para mensuração da religiosidade. A finalidade é disponibilizar aos pesquisadores e profissionais interessados no tema um instrumento de medida confiável para averiguação do fenômeno. Trata-se da Escala de Religiosidade de Duke. Participaram do estudo 588 estudantes universitários, de 18 a 63 anos (M = 25,01; DP = 12,03), com a prevalência de mulheres (81%), a maioria (58%) tem uma renda econômica familiar entre 1 e 3 salários mínimos. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: o primeiro com 295 universitários destinado a realização de Analise Fatorial Exploratória e a segunda com 293 universitários para Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Os resultados evidenciaram a unidimensionalidade da medida e propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para utilização em amostras brasileiras.

Abstract Religiosity is understood as the capacity to live the religious experience, generating another capacity that is to create or stimulate the inner energy that drives attitudes and behaviors. Spirituality can be understood as the search for meaning and meaning for life, in spheres that transcend the tangible. The main objective of this study was to verify the psychometric properties of an instrument for measuring spirituality and religiosity. The purpose is to provide researchers and professionals interested in the topic with a reliable measurement tool to investigate the phenomenon. This is the DUKE Religiosity Scale. 588 university students, aged 18 to 63 years (M = 25.01, SD = 12.03) participated in the study, with the prevalence of women (81%), the majority (58%) has a family economic income between 1 and 3 minimum wages. The sample was divided into two groups: the first with 295 university students to perform Exploratory Factor Analysis and the second with 293 university students for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results showed the unidimensionality of the measure and satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Brazilian samples.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the perception of undergraduate students in Physical Education regarding the completion of the curricular internship in the area of Special Education considering their initial training process, as well as to identify the opinion of academics regarding a proposal different from the conventional internship. Search is descriptive. 75 undergraduate students in Physical Education participated. An instrument with eight statements with justification of the answer option was used. The results showed that no significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups before the beginning of the internship. It was observed that the experimental group showed significant improvement in all questions, between pre and post intervention. It is concluded that the proposed internship brought academics a positive perception of its effectiveness in training teachers to work in the EE area.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de pregrado en Educación Física sobre la realización de la pasantía curricular en el área de Educación Especial considerando su proceso de formación inicial, así como identificar la opinión de los académicos sobre una propuesta diferente a la convencional. internado. La búsqueda es descriptiva. Participaron 75 estudiantes de pregrado en Educación Física. Se utilizó un instrumento con ocho enunciados con justificación de la opción de respuesta. Los resultados mostraron que no se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de control y experimentales antes del inicio de la pasantía. Se observó que el grupo experimental mostró una mejora significativa en todas las preguntas, entre el pre y post intervención. Se concluye que la pasantía propuesta trajo a los académicos una percepción positiva de su efectividad en la formación de docentes para trabajar en el área de EE.

Resumo Estudo objetivou analisar a percepção dos acadêmicos de Licenciatura em Educação Física frente à realização do estágio curricular na área da Educação Especial considerando seu processo de formação inicial bem como, identificar a opinião dos acadêmicos frente a uma proposta diferenciada do estágio convencional. Pesquisa é descritiva. Participaram 75 estudantes de licenciatura em Educação Física. Utilizou-se um instrumento com oito afirmativas com justificativa da opção de resposta. Os resultados mostraram que não se observou diferenças significativas entre os grupos controle e experimental antes do início do estágio. Observou-se que o grupo experimental apresentou melhora significativa em todas as questões, entre a pré e a pós intervenção. Conclui-se que o estágio proposto trouxe aos acadêmicos uma percepção positiva frente à sua efetividade na formação de professores para atuação na área EE.

RESUMEN Bixa orellana L. es ampliamente utilizado como un tinte y tiene otras propiedades que han sido poco estudiadas, especialmente en relación con las hojas. Este artículo evalúa cómo el secado B. orellana L. influye en las propiedades de los aceites esenciales (EOs) extraídos de sus hojas. El material vegetal recogido se sometió al horno de secado por aire convectivo a temperaturas de 35, 45 y 55 °C. Los perfiles químicos fueron determinados por GC-MS. Se aplicaron modelos matemáticos para representar el proceso de secado y el análisis estadístico realizado utilizando el software Statistica 10. Las EO se obtuvieron a través de la técnica de hidrodestilación con verificación de propiedades fisicoquímicas y actividad antimicrobiana. Para el ensayo de toxicidad se aplicó el bioensayo a Artemia salina. A través de los resultados obtenidos fue posible determinar el modelo matemático que se ajustaba mejor. Se observaron diferencias significativas en las propiedades de los EO. La temperatura de 45 °C permitió obtener el mejor rendimiento de EO, porque la actividad antimicrobiana fue más eficiente. Este estudio afirma a través de las actividades analizadas que la temperatura de secado influye en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y biológicas de las EO. Estudios como este evalúan el mejor modelo matemático para predecir el secado, así como las temperaturas específicas que influyen en las propiedades del producto obtenido.

SUMMARY Bixa orellana L. is widely used as a dye, and other properties are still little studied, especially in relation to leaves. This article evaluates how drying B. orellana L. influences the properties of essential oils (EOs) extracted from their leaves. The collected plant material was submitted to convective air-drying oven at temperatures of 35, 45 and 55 °C. Chemical profiles were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Mathematical models were applied to represent the drying process and statistical analysis performed using Statistica 10 software. The EO's were obtained through the hydrodistillation technique with verification of physicochemical properties and antimicrobial activity by the Disc Diffusion Method. For the toxicity test, the bioassay was applied to Artemia salina. Through the results obtained it was possible to determine that the mathematical model of Verma was the one that best fitted the experimental data. Significant differences in the properties of EO's were observed. The temperature of 45 °C allowed obtaining the best EO yield, still presenting the most efficient antimicrobial activity. This study states through the activities analyzed that the drying temperature influences the physicochemical and biological properties of the EO's, thus requiring studies such as this one that evaluate the best mathematical model to predict drying as well as the specific temperatures that influence the properties of the product obtained.

Resumo A quantidade e intensidade dos incêndios florestais têm sido destaque mediante as perdas e os impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o perfil dos incêndios assim como suas causas e correlacionar a influência dos elementos meteorológicos sob as ocorrências de incêndios em florestas de produção para direcionar o uso de recursos em técnicas e medidas de prevenção, além de estruturas de combate aos incêndios florestais. O estudo teve como subsídio o banco de dados da série histórica de 10 anos de registro de ocorrência de incêndios e de variáveis meteorológicas oriundas de 45 estações meteorológicas de uma empresa produtora de eucalipto para celulose, no período de 2008 a 2017. De acordo com os resultados, 91,40% das 32.561 ocorrências ao longo dos 10 anos foram originadas por incendiários. Além disso, justificado pela causa do incêndio, a quantidade de ocorrências entre os anos analisados apresentou correlações negativas moderada e baixa respectivamente, para umidade relativa e precipitação e correlação desprezível para temperatura média. A distribuição mensal dos incêndios destacou-se por ser uniforme ao longo do ano, uma vez que, apesar de setembro e outubro apresentarem a maior incidência das ocorrências, eles diferiram apenas de abril ao nível de 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey. Dessa forma, regiões onde a origem dos incêndios florestais é majoritariamente por ação intencional e criminosa, as ações de prevenção, monitoramento, registro de informações confiáveis e combate aos incêndios florestais devem ser planejadas contemplando todos os meses do ano.

Abstract The amount and intensity of forest fires has been highlighted by the social, environmental and economic losses and impacts. Thus, the objective of this research was to identify the profile of forest fires as well as their causes and correlate the influence of meteorological elements under the occurrences of fires in production forests to direct the use of resources in prevention techniques and measures as well as structures to combat forest fires. The research had as subsidy the database of the historical series of 10 years of record of occurrence of Fires (ROIs) and meteorological elements from 45 meteorological stations of a company producing eucalyptus for cellulose, period from 2008 to 2017. According to the results, 91.40% of the 32,561 occurrences over the 10 years were originated by arsonists. Moreover, justified by the cause of the fire, the number of occurrences between the years analyzed presented moderate and low negative correlations, respectively, for relative humidity and amount of precipitation and negligible correlation for the average temperature. The monthly distribution of fires stood out because it was uniform throughout the year, since, although September and October presented the highest incidence of occurrences, they differed only from April to the level of 5% probability by the Tukey test. In this way, regions where the origin of forest fires is largely due to intentional and criminal action, the actions of prevention and combating of forest fires should be planned contemplating every month of the year.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes protocolos de pré-alargamento cervical (ausente, conservador e convencional) na precisão dos localizadores eletrônicos foraminais (LEFs) Root ZX II, Raypex 6 e RomiApex A-15. Vinte molares inferiores com raízes mesiais do tipo IV de Vertucci foram submetidos à exploração endodôntica e confirmação da patência foraminal. Sob ampliação de 16x, seus comprimentos reais (CR) foram medidos e registrados (CR1). Os canais foram então irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5% e medidos eletronicamente (ME1) utilizando o modelo em alginato; todas as medidas foram realizadas em triplicata por um operador cego, utilizando limas endodônticas ajustadas introduzidas até o forame apical. Os procedimentos de pré-alargamento cervical foram realizados sequencialmente com os instrumentos #25/.06 (conservador) e #25/.12 (convencional); novas determinações de CRs foram realizadas após cada protocolo de preparação cervical (CR2/CR3), da mesma forma que as medidas eletrônicas (ME2/ME3). O erro dos dispositivos (mm) foi avaliado considerando a diferença entre CRs e MEs em cada estágio de preparação; sua precisão foi estabelecida adotando ± 0,5 mm como margem de tolerância. O erro dos LEFs reduziu significativamente após o protocolo convencional de alargamento cervical (p<0,05), o que não ocorreu após o conservador. Os melhores valores de precisão foram observados após a preparação convencional como 90% (Root ZX II), 97,5% (Raypex 6) e 92,5% (RomiApex A-15). Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes nas comparações entre os LEFs, independentemente do protocolo cervical testado (p>0,05). Sob as condições testadas, pode-se concluir que os LEFs avaliados foram precisos. Além disso, os protocolos de alargamento influenciam sua precisão, onde o menos conservador produziu os melhores resultados.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different coronal preflaring protocols (absent, conservative and conventional) on the accuracy of Root ZX II, Raypex 6, and RomiApex A-15 electronic foramen locators (EFLs). Twenty mandibular molars with Vertucci’s type IV mesial roots were subjected to endodontic exploration and foraminal patency confirmation. Under 16x magnification, its real lengths (RL) were measured and registered (RL1). The canals were then irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and electronically measured (EM1) employing the alginate model; all measurements were performed in triplicate by a blind operator using adjusted endodontic hand-files introduced until the apex foramen. Coronal preflaring procedures were sequentially performed with #25/.06 (conservative) and #25/.12 (conventional) instruments; new RLs extents were performed after each coronal preparation protocol (RL2/RL3), as same as electronic measurements (EM2/EM3). The devices error (mm) was evaluated considering the difference between RLs and EMs at each preparation stage; their precision was stablished adopting ±0.5 mm as tolerance margin. The EFLs error significantly reduced after conventional coronal preflaring protocol (p<0.05), which not occur after the conservative one. The best precisions values were noted after conventional preparation as 90% (Root ZX II), 97.5% (Raypex 6), and 92.5% (RomiApex A-15). No significant differences were found in EFLs comparisons, regardless of the coronal protocol tested (p>0.05). Under the conditions tested it can be concluded that the EFLs evaluated were precise. Moreover, the preflaring protocols influences its accuracy’s, where the less conservative one produced the best results.

ABSTRACT Through the lack or non-use of conservationist criteria for adequate land use and management, the scarcity of natural resources becomes ever more evident. This study aimed to analyze the origin of the sediments in the Posses catchment, municipality of Extrema, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, throughout the fingerprinting technique and portable X-ray fluorescence. Samples from soils under agriculture, pasture, and roads; and from the subsoil of theses land uses were taken in a widespread and representative manner from the entire Posses catchment. Lag deposits and river bed sediment samples were collected downstream from the catchment outlet. A total of 45 geochemical elements were analyzed in the samples by a portable X-ray fluorescence device (pXRF). The outlier test, Kruskal-Wallis test, multivariate discriminant analysis, and a mixing model were used to estimate the contribution of each source in relation to the sediments that arrive at the mouth of the catchment. The elements selected as geochemical tracers were Sr, Al2O3, Ba, Rb, Ti, Fe, and Zn, which combined correctly discriminated 81 % of the sediment sources. The largest and smallest proportion of sediment from the Posses catchment outlet comes from rural roads and agriculture, respectively. The contribution of the subsoil was higher for lag deposits or lower for river bed sediments, than the pasture. There was a low degree of uncertainty (<8 %) for predictions made by the model employed. The types of use, selected as potential sediment sources in the Posses catchment, are adequately discriminated through the geochemical tracers quantified through the pXRF. The fingerprinting technique estimates that the contributions to outlet sediments are dominated by rural roads, following by subsoil or pasture (depending on the type of sediment evaluated) and by agriculture. The sediment sampling strategies used in this study provided similar results for the period studied. Our results showed the potential of the fingerprinting technique and the pXRF for use as tools by the program of Payment for Environmental Services in the monitoring of catchment areas.

It was our objective to analyse the correlation of the total, adipose, and muscular cross-section areas of the arm with the maximum voluntary strength performance of upper segments in practitioners of resistance training. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 32 healthy male subjects, right-handed and aged between 18 and 30 years at a fitness centre in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. The maximum voluntary strength was measured by the maximal repetition test (1-MR) in unilateral exercises. A linear correlation was analysed using the Spearman test. Student's t-test was used for the quantitative analysis. A high correlation was obtained of the total cross-section area of the arm with the maximum voluntary biceps force (r= 0.72, p= 0.00) and the sum of loads (r= 0.73, p= 0.00). The muscle cross-section area of the arm showed moderate correlation with the maximum voluntary biceps force (r = 0.57, p= 0.00), triceps (r= 0.53, p= 0.00) and sum of loads (r= 0.59, p= 0.00). A low correlation was observed between the adipose cross-section area of the arm and the variables under analysis. In practitioners of resistance training, the increase in the total and muscle cross-section areas of the arm determines the increase in maximum voluntary strength in the upper segments.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com o presente experimento, avaliar a produção de hastes porta-borbulha e a viabilidade de suas borbulhas nas variedades de laranjeira ‘Valência’ e ‘Pera’ em sistema hidropônico. Usou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, arranjado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, sendo duas variedades copa foram às laranjeiras ‘Valência’ e ‘Pera’ enxertadas sob o limoeiro Cravo, e três sistemas de condução: haste única, duas e três hastes, com três repetições 10 plantas por parcela. Determinou-se o tempo transcorrido entre a poda de ramificação a 40 cm, e a primeira colheita de hastes porta-borbulha, bem como o tempo entre cada colheita, por 12 meses, mensurando-se ainda o número de borbulhas na porção mediana dos ramos, bem como a percentagem de borbulhas viáveis de cada sistema de condução, a qual foi determinada após realização de enxertia tipo T invertido em porta enxertos de limão ‘Cravo’ e a constatação do sucesso de tal operação. A produção de plantas borbulheiras de citros em sistema hidropônico é viável.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the production of budstocks and the viability of the buds of the ‘Valencia’ and ‘Pera’ orange tree varieties in a hydroponic system. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme. The two orange varieties were grafted onto the Rangpur lime tree with three leading systems (single stem, two stems, and three stems) and three replications of 10 plants per plot. The time that elapsed between pruning the stems at 40 cm and the first collection, as well as the time between each harvest were determined. The number of buds in the median part of the stems and percentage of viable buds in each leading system were also measured. This was determined after performing inverted T budding on the Rangpur lime tree rootstocks and verifying that the procedure was successful. The production of citrus plant budstocks is feasible in a hydroponic system.

ABSTRACT The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques can contribute to increase the accessibility, accuracy, and resolution of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) used for soil erosion monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the use of four DEMs obtained over a year to monitor erosion processes in an erosion-degraded area, with occurrence of rill and gully erosions, and its correlation with accumulated rainfall during the studied period. The DEMs of Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) of horizontal and vertical resolutions of 0.10 and 0.06 m were obtained. It was possible to detect events of erosion and deposition volumes of the order of 2 m3, with a volumetric error of ∼50 %, in rills and gullies in the initial stage denominated R and GS-I, respectively. Events of the order of 100 m3, with a volumetric error around 14 % were found for advanced gullies, a segment denominated GS-II. In the three studied erosion situations, the deposition volume increased with the accumulated rainfall. The segments R and GS-I presented an inverse relationship between erosion volume and accumulated rainfall during the studied period. This behaviour can be explained by the dynamics of the deposition and erosion volumes during the erosion process. In the GS-II segment, erosion and deposition volumes were proportional and a direct relation with the cumulative rainfall over the studied period and a low percentage of volumetric error were found.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição dos serviços de saúde de atenção às hepatites virais e os casos notificados de hepatites virais segundo as regiões de saúde dos estados do Norte do Brasil. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa, descritiva e quantitativa considerando os serviços de atenção e casos notificados de hepatites virais na região Norte do Brasil. Foram coletados dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde e do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e georreferenciamento por meio de software para visualizar a distribuição espacial dos serviços e os casos notificados. Resultados: Os serviços são distribuídos de maneira diferenciada; testes rápidos apresentam-se capilarizados nos estados; demais exames para confirmar o diagnóstico e o tratamento são realizados em algumas regiões de saúde, com maior agrupamento de serviços nas capitais e suas cercanias. Verificam-se casos notificados de maneira pulverizada nas regiões, com áreas de maior concentração próximas aos serviços. Conclusão: A disponibilidade de serviços pode favorecer o acesso e a adoção de medidas de prevenção, diagnóstico e monitoramento de casos. Entretanto, peculiaridades organizacionais do sistema e serviços de saúde evidenciam fragilidades que repercutem no acesso e na integralidade da atenção às hepatites virais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the distribution of health care services for viral hepatitis and reported cases of viral hepatitis according to the health regions of Northern Brazil. Method: It is an evaluative, descriptive and quantitative research considering viral hepatitis care services and reported cases in the Northern region of Brazil, using data collected from the National Registry of Health Establishments and the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Descriptive statistics and georeferencing, through software, were used to demonstrate the spatial distribution of services and reported cases. Results: Viral hepatitis health services are distributed in a differentiated way; rapid tests are capillaries in the states; confirmatory tests and treatment are performed in some health regions, with a greater grouping of services in the capitals and their surroundings. Cases were reported across all regions, with areas of higher concentration near services. Conclusion: The availability of services can favor access to prevention, diagnosis and monitoring of cases. However, organizational peculiarities of the health system and services highlight fragilities that have repercussions on the access and entirety of viral hepatitis care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição dos serviços de saúde de atenção às hepatites virais e os casos notificados de hepatites virais segundo as regiões de saúde dos estados do Norte do Brasil. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa avaliativa, descritiva e quantitativa considerando os serviços de atenção e casos notificados de hepatites virais na região Norte do Brasil. Foram coletados dados do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde e do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e georreferenciamento por meio de software para visualizar a distribuição espacial dos serviços e os casos notificados. Resultados: Os serviços são distribuídos de maneira diferenciada; testes rápidos apresentam-se capilarizados nos estados; demais exames para confirmar o diagnóstico e o tratamento são realizados em algumas regiões de saúde, com maior agrupamento de serviços nas capitais e suas cercanias. Verificam-se casos notificados de maneira pulverizada nas regiões, com áreas de maior concentração próximas aos serviços. Conclusão: A disponibilidade de serviços pode favorecer o acesso e a adoção de medidas de prevenção, diagnóstico e monitoramento de casos. Entretanto, peculiaridades organizacionais do sistema e serviços de saúde evidenciam fragilidades que repercutem no acesso e na integralidade da atenção às hepatites virais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the distribution of health care services for viral hepatitis and reported cases of viral hepatitis according to the health regions of Northern Brazil. Method: It is an evaluative, descriptive and quantitative research considering viral hepatitis care services and reported cases in the Northern region of Brazil, using data collected from the National Registry of Health Establishments and the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Descriptive statistics and georeferencing, through software, were used to demonstrate the spatial distribution of services and reported cases. Results: Viral hepatitis health services are distributed in a differentiated way; rapid tests are capillaries in the states; confirmatory tests and treatment are performed in some health regions, with a greater grouping of services in the capitals and their surroundings. Cases were reported across all regions, with areas of higher concentration near services. Conclusion: The availability of services can favor access to prevention, diagnosis and monitoring of cases. However, organizational peculiarities of the health system and services highlight fragilities that have repercussions on the access and entirety of viral hepatitis care.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate levels of anxiety in children and adolescents related to age and experience of visits to the dentist using the modified Venham Picture Test (VPTm). Material and Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Children and adolescents of both sexes, subdivided into age groups of 6-9 years (A1 and A2) and 10-13 years (B1 and B2), in the waiting room of a Dental Clinic, were grouped according to the experience of visits to the dentist (have been to the dentist / have never been to the dentist). Descriptive statistics were mean, standard deviation and frequency of cases. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) was used for normality analysis, with 95% significance level. Inferential statistics was performed using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests, with p<0.05. Results: In total, 60 children and 60 adolescents were evaluated, 65 (54.16%) males and 55 (45.83%) females. No differences were observed between genders in groups A1 and A2 (p=0.30) and B1 and B2 (p=0.94). The highest means of the VPTm scale were observed in groups A2 and B2 (2.87 ± 2.30 and 2.13 ± 1.29) and the lowest in groups A1 and B1 (1.13 ± 1.45 and 1.20 ± 1.29), respectively. Statistical differences were observed for the mean VPTm scores between age groups A1 and A2 (p=0.004) and B1 and B2 (p=0.018). Conclusion: The level of anxiety was inversely proportional to age, so younger children were more anxious; it was also observed that children and adolescents who had never been to the dentist tended to be more anxious.