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Effects of thermal stress caused by the 2015-2016 El Niño on the biochemical composition, exoskeleton structure, and symbiont density of the fire coral Millepora alcicornis
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Olguín-López, Norma B.

; Hernández-Elizárraga, Víctor H.

; Hernández-Matehuala, Rosalina

; Rojas-Molina, Juana I.

; Guevara-Gonzalez, Ramón

; Ibarra-Alvarado, César

; Rojas-Molina, Alejandra

Ciencias marinas

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dec 2023, Volume 49 elocation e3296

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract. Reef-forming cnidarians are essential for maintaining ecological balance. Unfortunately, coral reefs are endangered due to coral bleaching, which interrupts mutualistic symbiosis between Symbiodiniaceae algae and their coral hosts. Bleaching events result in very high coral mortality and the rapid deterioration of reef structures. Studies aimed at explaining the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of coral bleaching have been mainly conducted with anthozoans, while the impacts of thermal stress responsible for coral bleaching have been scarcely studied in hydrozoans, such as Millepora species (phylum Cnidaria, class Hydrozoa), which are the second most important reef-forming cnidarians. In the present study, the effects of thermal stress caused by the 2015-2016 El Niño on symbiont abundance, exoskeleton structure, and the biochemical composition of Millepora alcicornis were analyzed. Unbleached M. alcicornis specimens exhibited a higher abundance of Breviolum and Durisdinium species, which suggests that unbleached hydrocoral colonies might counteract thermal stress by hosting thermotolerant symbionts of the Durisdinium genus. Bleached hydrocorals exhibited lower levels of calcification than unbleached hydrocorals as well as changes in the microstructure of trabeculae and zooid pores. In contrast, thermal stress did not affect total calcium carbonate and carbohydrate content. Bleached tissues showed significantly higher levels of protein and refractory material, whereas their lipid content decreased considerably. The present study provides evidence that bleached M. alcicornis colonies suffered a decline in calcification and changes in the structure of their exoskeletons after being exposed to the 2015-2016 El Niño. The significant decrease in lipid content suggests that M. alcicornis primarily uses energy stores to maintain vital cellular processes at the expense of calcification.

Resumen. Los cnidarios formadores de arrecifes son esenciales en la ecología marina. Desafortunadamente, están amenazados por el fenómeno de blanqueamiento, el cual rompe la simbiosis mutualista entre algas de la familia Symbiodiniaceae y sus hospederos coralinos. El blanqueamiento causa un alto índice de mortalidad de corales y un rápido deterioro de las estructuras arrecifales. Los estudios dirigidos a explicar causas, mecanismos y consecuencias del blanqueamiento se han realizado principalmente con antozoos, mientras que los impactos del blanqueamiento de corales se han estudiado escasamente en especies de Millepora (phylum Cnidaria, clase Hydrozoa), que son los segundos constructores de arrecifes más importantes. En el presente estudio se analizó el efecto del estrés térmico causado por el evento El Niño 2015-2016 sobre la abundancia de simbiontes, la estructura del exoesqueleto y la composición bioquímica de Millepora alcicornis. Los especímenes sin blanquear de M. alcicornis contenían una mayor abundancia de especies de Breviolum y Durisdinium, lo que sugiere que las colonias de hidrocorales sin blanquear podrían estar contrarrestando el estrés térmico al albergar simbiontes termotolerantes del género Durisdinium. Los hidrocorales blanqueados mostraron niveles más bajos de calcificación y cambios en la microestructura de zooides y trabéculas. En contraste, el estrés térmico no modificó el contenido total de carbonato de calcio y carbohidratos en los hidrocorales. Los tejidos blanqueados mostraron niveles significativamente más altos de proteína y material refractario, mientras que su contenido de lípidos disminuyó considerablemente. El presente estudio muestra que las colonias blanqueadas de M. alcicornis sufrieron una disminución en la calcificación y cambios en la estructura de su exoesqueleto después de estar expuestas al estrés térmico provocado por el evento El Niño 2015-2016. La disminución significativa en el contenido de lípidos sugiere que M. alcicornis está utilizando sus reservas de energía principalmente para mantener sus procesos celulares vitales a expensas de la calcificación.

https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2023.3296

Mapping of SARS-CoV-2 in Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring and visceral biopsies: the age and the illness duration’s impact
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Alba, Jose Ramón

; Zapater, Enrique

; Martin, Cristina

; Ocete, Dolores

; Gonzalez-Cruz, Alfonso

; Angel-de-Miguel, Angel

; Ferrer, Carolina

; Oishi, Natsuki

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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2023, Volume 89 N. 6 elocation 101317

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To study the impact of age and the interval between disease diagnosis and death on the organotropism of SARS-CoV-2. Method: Patients underwent post-mortem biopsies from lungs, Waldeyer ring, heart, liver, kidneys and bone marrow between 2020–2021. SARS-CoV-2 organotropism was mapped by using molecular RT-PCR analyses for SARS-CoV2 targeting the Envelope gene (E), the RNA Polymerase Gene (RdRp), and the Nucleocapsid gene (N). Statistical and linear regression analysis was performed to study the impact of age and illness duration in SARS-CoV-2 organotropism. Results: We performed 158 postmortem biopsies in 21 patients, with a mean age of 76 years old. The mean interval between the diagnosis of the infection to the death was 23 days. The RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 100% of lung biopsies, 76%–82% of Waldeyer’s ring biopsies, 55% of heart biopsies, 40% of kidney biopsies, 33% of liver and 25% of bone marrow biopsies. Patients who died before the day 9, presented extensive visceral dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Most of the patients older than 80 years (90%) presented visceral dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, while among younger patients, only 3/11 patients presented visceral dissemination of the virus. The relationship between “age” and “illness duration” and multitropism of the virus was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion: Disease interval and age were factors that were significantly associated with RT-PCR positive results in multiple organs. Critical COVID-19 patients have multiorganic viral dissemination in early stages. In the critical older patients, multiorganic viral dissemination is the rule. Level of evidence: 4. Case Series.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2023.101317

Material de apoyo a la docencia sobre historia de la medicina local de Pinar del Río
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Alfonso-Gonzalez, Yerelis

; Alonso-Ayala, Osmany

; Candelaria-Brito, Julio Cesar

; Hoyos-Alfonso, Yoel

; Bravo-Abreu, Ramón

Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río

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aug 2022, Volume 26 N. 4 elocation e5517

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: The study of the local history of medicine provides relevant knowledge about man's activity in society. Objective: to validate a teaching support material on the history of local medicine in Pinar del Rio. Methods: development research in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río, during the period from September 2018 to December 2020. The sample consisted of 69 second year students of the Medicine career and 26 teachers with a degree in History and Social Sciences. Adobe Master Collection CS6 was used for digital assembly and processing. Results: It was configured for A4 format paper sheets, 21 cm x 29,7 cm, consisting of 6 chapters and 280 pages. 96,15 % of the teachers rated all the indicators as adequate, 100 % of them evaluated as adequate the value as a teaching medium. According to students' criteria, all indicators received ratings of adequate or higher by 97,10 % of the students, where category 4 (value as a teaching medium), was evaluated as very adequate by 50,73 %. Conclusions: A teaching medium on the history of local medicine was made, which was evaluated as adequate to integrate the contents of the history of local medicine in Pinar del Río, with an adequate pedagogical structure for the achievement of significant learning and contextualization of the contents and of great value as a teaching medium.

RESUMEN Introducción: el estudio de la historia local de la medicina aporta relevantes saberes sobre la actividad del hombre en la sociedad. Objetivo: validar un material de apoyo a la docencia sobre historia de la medicina local pinareña. Métodos: investigación de desarrollo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río, durante el período de septiembre 2018 a diciembre de 2020. La muestra estuvo conformada por 69 estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina y 26 profesores licenciados en Historia y Ciencias Sociales. Para el montaje digital y procesamiento se utilizó Adobe Master Colection CS6. Resultados: se configuró para hojas de papel formato A4, 21 cm x 29,7 cm, formado por seis capítulos y 280 páginas. El 96,15 de los profesores calificaron todos los indicadores como adecuados, el 100 % se evaluó como adecuado el valor como medio de enseñanza. Según criterio de los estudiantes, todos los indicadores recibieron calificaciones de adecuadas o superior por parte del 97,10 % de los estudiantes, donde la categoría 4 (valor como medio de enseñanza), fue evaluada como muy adecuada por el 50,73 %. Conclusiones: se confeccionó un medio de enseñanza sobre la historia de la medicina local, el cual fue evaluado como adecuado para integrar los contenidos de historia de la medicina local pinareña, con una adecuada estructura pedagógica para el logro de un aprendizaje significativo y contextualización de los contenidos y de gran valor como medio de enseñanza.

Impacto sobre la incidencia de la tuberculosis en Cuba, 1994-2015
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García Cortina, José Ramón

; Ferrán Torres, Rita María

; Gonzalez Dias, Alexander

; Martínez Morales, Miguel Ángel

; González Ochoa, Edilberto

Revista Cubana de Salud Pública

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jun 2022, Volume 48 N. 2 elocation e2388

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Incidence is critical to assess the burden of tuberculosis. Objective: Assess the impact of the "National Program of Tuberculosis Control " on the incidence of tuberculosis in Cuba in the period 1994-2015. Methods: Study of time series of tuberculosis incidence in the period 1994-2015. The exponential trend and variations in the trends of new cases reported in Cuba and its provinces were estimated; also the annual totals and averages for the periods 1994-1999, 1999-2015 and 1994-2015. The absolute and relative differences between the Cuban provinces from 1994-2015 were calculated. Results: The overall trend of the rate was downward. The period from 1994-1999 had a reduction of -0.33x100 000 (-505 cases) and between 1999 and 2015 it was -0.42 (-448 cases). The average annual reduction between 1994-1999 was -0.07 and from 1999-2015 it was -0.03. In 1994, 1999 and 2015, 1616 cases (14.7), 1111 (10.0) and 651 (5.8) were reported, respectively. In 1994 the highest rate corresponded to the province of Cienfuegos (23.1) with a percentage population attributable risk of 65.8%. In 1999 and 2015, the highest rates occurred in Ciego de Ávila (18.3) and (9.5), respectively (percentage population attributable risk of 60.7% in 1999 and 75.8% in 2015). In 1994 and 1999 all provinces had rates > 5.0. In 2015, eight provinces showed rates < 5.0. In 1999 the province with the greatest variation in its annual rate was Cienfuegos (-0.65) and in 2015 Camagüey (-0.73). Conclusions: The "National Program of Tuberculosis Control " in Cuba obtained until 2015 a discreet sustained decrease in the incidence of the disease in the country; but it is not enough to achieve its elimination, so new differentiated and prioritized interventions are required.

RESUMEN Introducción: La incidencia es fundamental para evaluar la carga de tuberculosis. Objetivo: Valorar el impacto del “Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis” en la incidencia de la tuberculosis en Cuba en el periodo 1994-2015. Métodos: Estudio de series temporales de la incidencia de tuberculosis en el periodo 1994-2015. Se estimó la tendencia exponencial y las variaciones de las tendencias de casos nuevos notificados en Cuba y sus provincias; los totales y medias anuales de los periodos 1994-1999, 1999-2015 y 1994-2015. Se calcularon las diferencias absolutas y relativas entre las provincias cubanas desde 1994-2015. Resultados: La tendencia general de la tasa fue descendente. El periodo de 1994-1999 visualizó una reducción de -0,33x100 000(-505 casos) y entre 1999 y 2015 fue de -0,42(-448 casos). La reducción media anual entre 1994-1999 fue de -0,07 y de 1999-2015 fue de -0,03. En 1994, 1999 y 2015 se notificaron 1616 casos (14,7), 1111(10,0) y 651(5,8), respectivamente. En 1994 la mayor tasa correspondió a la provincia de Cienfuegos (23,1) con riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual del 65,8 %. En 1999 y 2015 las mayores tasas se presentaron en Ciego de Ávila (18,3) y (9,5), respectivamente (riesgo atribuible poblacional porcentual del 60,7 % en 1999 y del 75,8 % en 2015). En 1994 y 1999 todas las provincias tuvieron tasas > 5,0. En 2015, ocho provincias mostraron tasas < 5,0. En 1999 la provincia con mayor variación de su tasa anual fue Cienfuegos (-0,65) y en 2015 Camagüey (-0,73). Conclusiones: El “Programa Nacional de Control de la Tuberculosis” en Cuba obtuvo hasta el 2015 una discreta disminución sostenida de la incidencia de la enfermedad en el país; pero no es suficiente para lograr su eliminación, por lo que se requieren nuevas intervenciones diferenciadas y priorizadas.

Low molecular weight heparin is useful in adult COVID-19 inpatients. Experience during the first Spanish wave: observational study
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Gonzalez-Porras, Jose Ramon

; Belhassen-Garcia, Moncef

; Lopez-Bernus, Amparo

; Vaquero-Roncero, Luis Mario

; Rodriguez, Beatriz

; Carbonell, Cristina

; Azibeiro, Raul

; Hernandez-Sanchez, Alberto

; Martin-Gonzalez, Jose Ignacio

; Manrique, Juan Miguel

; Alonso-Claudio, Gloria

; Alvarez-Navia, Felipe

; Madruga-Martin, Jose Ignacio

; Macias-Casanova, Ronald Paul

; García-Criado, Jorge

; Lozano, Francisco

; Moyano, Jose Carlos

; Sanchez-Hernandez, Miguel Vicente

; Sagredo-Meneses, Víctor

; Borras, Rafael

; Bastida, Jose María

; Hernández-Pérez, Guillermo

; Chamorro, Antonio Javier

; Marcos, Miguel

; Martin-Oterino, Jose Angel

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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feb 2022, Volume 140 N. 1 Pages 123 - 133

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The intensity of the thromboprophylaxis needed as a potential factor for preventing inpatient mortality due to coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between anticoagulation intensity and COVID-19 survival. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective observational study in a tertiary-level hospital in Spain. METHODS: Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) status was ascertained based on prescription at admission. To control for immortal time bias, anticoagulant use was analyzed as a time-dependent variable. RESULTS: 690 patients were included (median age, 72 years). LMWH was administered to 615 patients, starting from hospital admission (89.1%). 410 (66.7%) received prophylactic-dose LMWH; 120 (19.5%), therapeutic-dose LMWH; and another 85 (13.8%) who presented respiratory failure, high D-dimer levels (> 3 mg/l) and non-worsening of inflammation markers received prophylaxis of intermediate-dose LMWH. The overall inpatient-mortality rate was 38.5%. The anticoagulant nonuser group presented higher mortality risk than each of the following groups: any LMWH users (HR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.40-3.15); the prophylactic-dose heparin group (HR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.57-3.64); and the users of heparin dose according to biomarkers (HR 6.52; 95% CI, 2.95-14.41). 3.4% of the patients experienced major hemorrhage. 2.8% of the patients developed an episode of thromboembolism. CONCLUSIONS: This observational study showed that LMWH administered at the time of admission was associated with lower mortality among unselected adult COVID-19 inpatients. The magnitude of the benefit may have been greatest for the intermediate-dose subgroup. Randomized controlled trials to assess the benefit of heparin within different therapeutic regimes for COVID-19 patients are required.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0098.r1.08062021

Principales características clínicas y epidemiológicas de trabajadores de la salud diagnosticados con COVID-19 en Santiago de Cuba
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Hierrezuelo Rojas, Naifi

; Fernández Gonzalez, Paula

; León Gilart, Alain

; Johnson Valenciano, Suniel

; Cordero Castillo, Frank

MEDISAN

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dec 2021, Volume 25 N. 6 Pages 1324 - 1337

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 has repercussion in the public health system of the country and in health personnel. Objective: To describe some clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the health personnel diagnosed with COVID- 19 in a health area of Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study of 19 health workers of Ramón López Peña Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out. They were diagnosed with the COVID-19 during February-April, 2021. The described variables were: age, sex, occupational category, comorbidities, infection source, symptoms and clinical course. Results: There was a prevalence of the females between 40 and 59 years (36.8 %), community source of infection (52.6 %), doctors as the most affected health staff (47.3 %) and respiratory signs (47.3 %); also, 94.7 % of the affected patients were alive when discharged from the hospital and there was only one dead patient. Conclusions: In spite of the low prevalence of the COVID-19 in the health staff, the biosecurity measures implemented in each institution to avoid new infections should be maximized.

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID- 19 tiene repercusión en el sistema de salud pública del país y en personal sanitario. Objetivo: Describir algunas características clínicas y epidemiológicas del personal de salud diagnosticado con COVID-19 en un área de salud de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 19 trabajadores de la salud del Policlínico Docente Ramón López Peña de Santiago de Cuba, diagnosticados con la COVID-19 en el período febrero-abril de 2021. Las variables descritas fueron: edad, sexo, categoría ocupacional, comorbilidades, fuente de infección, síntomas y evolución. Resultados: Predominaron las féminas entre 40 y 59 años de edad (36,8 %), la fuente de infección comunitaria (52,6 %), los médicos como el personal más afectado (47,3 %) y las manifestaciones respiratorias (47,3 %); asimismo, 94,7 % de los afectados egresaron vivos y hubo un solo fallecido. Conclusiones: A pesar de la baja prevalencia de la COVID-19 en el personal de salud, se deben extremar las medidas de bioseguridad implementadas en cada institución para evitar nuevos contagios.

Kinetics of aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from processed yerba mate leaves
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López, Gabriela G.

; Brousse, María M.

; Vergara, María L.

; Gonzalez, Adriana M

; E.Cruz, Nancy

; A.Linares, Ramón

Revista de Ciencia y Tecnología

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dec 2021, N. 36 Pages 31 - 40

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract In this study, the kinetics of aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds from the yerba mate leaves were analyzed. A temperature range between 40°C and 70°C and a ratio of 25 g of mate leaves in 200 mL of water were used. The extraction kinetic was studied adjustment of the kinetics models of first order, second order kinetic model and the second order diffusive model. The goodness of the fit was controlled by the magnitude of the coefficient of determination (R2), the percentage error (EP %) and the square root of the mean square error (RMSE).The second order kinetic models adequately described the extraction process, achieving the best fit with the second order diffusive model (EP%= 0,81 to 2,9; EP%= 11,24 to 14,99 and 4,72 and 6,92) that provided important information about the initial extraction process and the mechanism that occurs in the final extraction stage. The temperature influenced the kinetic parameters; however, the final equilibrium concentration of phenolic compounds was not affected by it. The results of this study allow us to obtain better overall knowledge of the times and temperatures for improved extraction rates and energy consumption for the industrialization of these compounds.

Resumen En este trabajo se evaluó la cinética de extracción acuosa de los compuestos fenólicos de las hojas de yerba mate. La extracción se realizó en un rango de temperatura entre 40°C y 70°C a una relación de 25 g de hojas de yerba mate en 200 mL de agua. Los modelos cinéticos estudiados incluyeron pseudo primer orden, segundo orden y difusivo de segundo orden, evaluando la bondad del ajuste mediante los valores del coeficiente de determinación (R2), error porcentual (EP%) y la raíz cuadrada del error medio cuadrático (RMSE). Se encontró que el modelo de segundo orden describió adecuadamente el proceso de extracción en las condiciones planteadas, mientras que mejor ajuste se obtuvo con el modelo difusivo de segundo orden (R2=0,97 a 0,99; RMSE= 0,08 a 0,17; EP%=0,8 a 2,2). Este modelo suministró importante información del proceso inicial de extracción. La temperatura influyó en los parámetros cinéticos, sin embargo, la concentración final de equilibrio de compuestos fenólicos no se vio afectada por la misma. Los resultados de este trabajo permiten obtener un mayor conocimiento global acerca de los tiempos y temperaturas para las mejoras en las velocidades de extracción y consumos de energía durante la industrialización de estos compuestos.

https://doi.org/10.36995/j.recyt.2021.36.004 13 downloads

Effect of dietary protein and genetic line of Litopenaeus vannamei on its hepatopancreatic microbiota
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Martinez-Porchas, Marcel

; Vargas-Albores, Francisco

; Casillas-Hernández, Ramón

; Rodriguez-Anaya, Libia Zulema

; Lares-Villa, Fernando

; Magdaleno-Moncayo, Dante

; Gonzalez-Galaviz, Jose Reyes

Scientia Agricola

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2021, Volume 78 N. 6 elocation e20200096

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: Host genetics and diet can exert an influence on microbiota and, therefore, on feeding efficiency. This study evaluated the effect of genetic line (fast-growth and high-resistance) in Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) on the hepatopancreatic microbiota and its association with the feeding efficiency in shrimp fed with diets containing different protein sources. Shrimp (2.08 ± 0.06 g) from each genetic line were fed for 36 days with two dietary treatments (animal and vegetable protein). Each of the four groups was sampled, and the hepatopancreatic metagenome was amplified using specific primers for the variable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The PCR product was sequenced on the MiSeq platform. Nineteen bacterial phyla were detected, of which Proteobacteria was the most abundant (51.0 – 72.5 %), Bacteroidetes (3.6 – 23.3 %), Firmicutes (4.2 – 13.7 %), Actinobacteria (1.9 – 12.1 %), and Planctomycetes (1.3 – 9.5 %). Diet was the most influential factor in the taxonomic composition of the microbiota, while genetic line was not a strong influential factor. The results suggest that the taxonomic profile of the bacteria colonizing shrimp hepatopancreas was determined by the diet consumed, similar to what occurs in the intestine. Shrimp in the fast-growth line had greater feeding efficiency regardless of the diet supplied. Finally, the results suggest that Proteobacteria influenced ( p < 0.05) the feeding efficiency of shrimp fed with a vegetable diet. Nevertheless, further studies are required to explore how shrimp genetic line–diet interaction influences microbiota for probiotic development and functional food formulation for farmed shrimp according to the genetic line.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2020-0096 870 downloads

Transcriptional response of immune-related genes in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems with elevated CO2
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Casillas-Hernández, Ramón

; Arévalo-Sainz, Karla Janeth

; Flores-Pérez, María Belem

; Garcia-Clark, Jesus Guadalupe

; Rodriguez-Anaya, Libia Zulema

; Lares-Villa, Fernando

; Bórquez-López, Rafael Apolinar

; Gil-Núñez, Juan Carlos

; Gonzalez-Galaviz, Jose Reyes

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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2021, Volume 50 elocation e20200197

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This short-term study evaluated the effect of non-lethal high CO2 concentration on the transcriptional response of immune-related genes of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Two experimental groups were created: high CO2 (47.67±2.04 mg L−1) and low CO2 (2.0±1.93 mg L−1). Shrimp of 8.85±1.20 g were placed randomly at a density equivalent to 100 individuals m−3 and were monitored at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. The transcriptional response of immune-related genes was analyzed by qPCR. Gene expression of hemocyanin, prophenoloxidase, and heat shock protein 60 was downregulated at 24 h, suggesting affectations on oxygen transportation, melanization, and protein functioning of L. vannamei under high CO2 concentrations. Also, gene up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide- and β-glucan-binding protein and cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase can impair the bacterial recognition and antioxidant defense of shrimp exposed to high CO2 concentrations. These results suggest that concentration at about 47 mg L−1 of CO2 can significantly influence the transcriptional response modulation of immune-related genes.

https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz5020200197 2 downloads

10.

Consenso colombiano de expertos sobre recomendaciones informadas en la evidencia para la prevención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 en paciente pediátrico con enfermedad renal crónica o lesión renal aguda asociada a COVID-19
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Baquero Rodriguez, Richard

; Yomayusa, Nancy

; Gonzalez, Camilo

; Yama, Erika

; Vargas, Juan Guillermo

; Rico, Jorge

; Ariza, Amaury

; Aroca, Gustavo

; Ramírez, Roberto

; Chacón, Kelly

; Torres, Rodolfo

; Robayo, Adriana

; Meza Martínez, Adriana Isabel

; Calderón Ortiz, Angélica María

; Zapata Chica, Carlos Andrés

; Morales Contreras, Carol Lisbeth

; Ochoa García, Carolina Lucía

; Pinto Bernai, Claudia

; Chacón Jaimes, Diana Carolina

; Villafañe Bermúdez, Douglas Ramón

; Suárez Barajas, Ehimy Marcela

; López, Franklin Atencia

; Guerrero Tinoco, Gustavo Adolfo

; Cáceres Mosquera, Jimena Adriana

; Cárdenas Aguilera, Juan Guillermo

; González, Luz Esthella

; Osorio Ruiz, María Franqueline

; Carrascal Guzmán, Martha Isabel

; Mejía Gaviria, Natalia

; Sierra Quiroz, Yusir

; Espitaleta, Zilac

; Beltrán, Sandra

Revista Colombiana de Nefrología

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dec 2020, Volume 7 Suppl. 2 Pages 50 - 69

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Introduction: The numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population are low so far. There is limited information about the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in a pediatric patient with chronic kidney disease. Objective: To formulate informed recommendations to the prevention, diagnosis, and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients with kidney disease or acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19 in Colombia. Methodology: A rapid systematic review was performed in Embase and Pubmed databases and scientific societies, to answer questions prioritized by clinical experts in pediatric nephrology. The quality of the evidence was evaluated with validated tools according to the type of study. The preliminary recommendations were consulted by an expert group. The agreement was defined when approval was obtained from at least 70% of the experts consulted. Results: A response was obtained from ' 9 experts in pediatric nephrology in Colombia, who declared the conflict of interest before the consultation. The range of agreement for the recommendations ranged from 78.9% to '00%. The recommendations did not require a second consultation. Conclusion: The evidence-based recommendations for the management of a patient with kidney disease and COVID-19 in the Colombian context are presented.

https://doi.org/10.22265/acnef.7.supl.2.488 635 downloads

11.

Production of Penaeus vannamei in low salinity, using diets formulated with different protein sources and percentages
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Gil-Núñez, Juan Carlos

; Martínez-Córdova, Luis Rafael

; Servín-Villegas, Rosalía

; Magallon-Barajas, Francisco Javier

; Bórquez-López, Rafael Apolinar

; Gonzalez-Galaviz, Jose Reyes

; Casillas-Hernández, Ramón

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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jul 2020, Volume 48 N. 3 Pages 396 - 405

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The present study was focused on assessing the effect of diets formulated with different sources and levels of protein on the production response of white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei farmed at low salinity (3 g L-1). The protein sources were: soy meal (SM) and fish meal (FM), included at three levels: low (22-25%), medium (32-35%), and high (41-45%). A bioassay of 49 days was done in experimental tanks of 100 L (three tanks per treatment). Juvenile P. vannamei having a mean weight of 1.41 ± 0.30 g were stocked at a density of 100 ind m-3. Shrimp fed diets formulated with FM recorded significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and protein assimilation efficiency rate (PER). Additionally, it showed a higher concentration of essential amino acids like methionine and threonine, and higher ash, calcium, iodine, phosphorous, and sodium content, which could favor the growth and survival of shrimp. Regression analysis showed that the optimum protein levels for diets formulated with SM and FM were 34.8 and 29.3%, respectively. These findings may help shrimp farmers to implement better feeding strategies for P. vannamei farmed at low salinity and on the use of alternative ingredients to substitute fish meal in the formulated feed.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol48-issue3-fulltext-2361 654 downloads

12.

Estudios dosimétricos de la calificación operacional y del comportamiento funcional de la instalación de irradiación semindustrial para la esterilización de un producto de uso médico
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Prieto Miranda, Enrique Fco.

; Moreno Álvarez, Damaris

; Rodríguez Cardona, Ramón

; Chávez Ardanza, Armando

; Fernández Rondón, Manuel

; Espinosa Alfonso, Ramón

; Barrera Gonzalez, Gisela

Nucleus

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jun 2020, N. 67 Pages 1 - 5

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The present work shows the results obtained during the dosimetric studies of the operational qualification stages and the functional behavior of the semi-industrial irradiation facility in Cuba after its remodeling and recharging, as well as the radio-sterilization process of a product for medical use.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos durante los estudios dosimétricos de las etapas de calificación operacional y del comportamiento funcional de la instalación de irradiación semindustrial de Cuba después de su remodelación y recarga, así como el proceso de radioesterilización de un producto de uso médico.

13.

Effect of xylanase, cellulase and natural maguey extract on the chemical composition of corn silage and in vitro rumen gas production
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Martínez, José Ramón Pascual Franco

; Huerta, Andrés González

; López, Delfina de Jesús Pérez

; Cuevas, Rodolfo Serrato

; Salem, Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed

; Robles-Jimenez, Lizbeth E.

; Gonzalez-Ronquillo, Manuel

International journal of agriculture and natural resources

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apr 2020, Volume 47 N. 1 Pages 23 - 34

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract This study considered the application of two exogenous enzymes, xylanase (XYL) and cellulase (CELL), and maguey extract (ME), (applying 1 ml per kg as fresh matter) and a control (without additive) in four maize silage varieties (San Diego, Cacahuacintle, P-1832 and Victoria), to investigate their effect on the chemical composition (CC), gas production (GP) and in vitro ruminal fermentation. The GP was measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours of incubation. Dry matter disappearance (DMD), organic matter disappearance (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME), and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were determined after 96 h of incubation. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design with a 4×4 factorial arrangement with three replications. The CC showed a significant effect (P<0.05) for varieties with the exception of organic matter (OM), and the inclusion of additives increased the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP). A significant effect (P<0.01) was observed for the varieties in the GP parameters and ruminal fermentation. The addition of XYL, CEL and ME promoted dry matter degradation and increased energy availability, with increased in vitro gas production.

Resumen El estudio consideró la aplicación de dos enzimas exógenas: xilanasa (XYL) y celulasa (CELL), y extracto de maguey (EM) (aplicando 1 ml por kg de materia fresca) y Control (sin aditivo) en cuatro variedades de ensilaje de maíz (San Diego, Cacahuacintle, P −1832 y Victoria), para investigar su efecto sobre la composición química (CQ), la producción de gas (PG) y la fermentación ruminal in vitro. La PG fue medida a las 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 y 96 horas de incubación. La materia seca desaparecida (MSD), la materia orgánica desaparecida (MOD), la energía metabolizable (EM) y los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) se determinaron después de 96 h de incubación. Los datos se analizaron mediante un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 4×4 con tres repeticiones. La CQ mostró un efecto significativo (P<0.05) para las variedades, con excepción de la materia orgánica (MO), la inclusión de aditivos incremento la materia seca (MS) y la proteína cruda (PC). Se observó un efecto significativo (P <0.01) para las variedades en los parámetros de PG y la fermentación ruminal. La adición de XYL, CEL y EM promueve la degradación de la MS y aumenta la disponibilidad de energía, con una mayor producción de gas in vitro.

https://doi.org/10.7764/ijanr.v47i1.2128 432 downloads

14.

Anatomical Variants of Anterior Cerebral Arterial Circle: A Study by Multidetector Computerized 3D Tomographic Angiography
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Jiménez-Sosa, Michelle Stephanie

; Cantu-Gonzalez, Juan Ramón

; Morales-Avalos, Rodolfo

; de la Garza-Castro, Oscar

; Quiroga-Garza, Alejandro

; Pinales-Razo, Ricardo

; Elizondo-Riojas, Guillermo

; Elizondo-Omaña, Rodrigo E

; Guzmán- López, Santos

International Journal of Morphology

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sep 2017, Volume 35 N. 3 Pages 1121 - 1128

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

One of the most common causes of stroke is rupture of aneurysms whose approach requires knowledge of anatomical variants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anatomical variants of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the anterior communicating artery (AComA) by 3D computed tomography angiography (3D CTA) in Mexican individuals. A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional descriptive study of 283 patients, independent of sex or age, in which morphometric measurements of cerebral vessels were evaluated using contrasted 3D CTA from a period of two years was performed. We found at least one "atypical" variant in a third of the study population (33.93 %). The most common "atypical" variant was the absence of the AComA (14.1 %). A significant association between the hypoplastic variant of the right A1 segment and hypoplasia of the left A1 and the right A2 was found, while hypoplasia of the left A1 was associated with hypoplasia of the right A2. There is a difference in the prevalence of anatomical variants of the ACA-AComA complex in Mexican population in relation to other populations. The typical variant is the most prevalent form in the study population. However, the presence of atypical variants represents an important number that should be taken into account in clinical and surgical procedures.

Una de las causas más frecuentes de accidente cerebrovascular es la ruptura de aneurismas cuyo abordaje requiere el conocimiento de las variantes anatómicas. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de variantes anatómicas de la Arteria Cerebral Anterior (ACA) y la Arteria Comunicante Anterior (AComA) mediante angiotomografías computarizadas 3D (angioTAC 3D) de individuos mexicanos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal y descriptivo en el que se evaluaron angioTAC contrastados con reconstrucción 3D de 283 pacientes, sin considerar género ni edad, obtenidas durante un periodo de dos años a los que se les realizaron mediciones morfométricas en los vasos de interés. Se encontró al menos una variante "atípica" en un tercio de la población estudiada (33,93 %). La variante "atípica" más común fue la ausencia de AComA (14,1 %). Se encontró asociación significativa entre la variante hipoplásica del segmento A1 derecha y la hipoplasia de A1 izquierda y A2 derecha; mientras que la hipoplasia de A1 izquierda se asoció a la variante hipoplasia de A2 derecha, encontrándose mayor tendencia de aparición de aneurismas en función del menor diámetro del segmento A2 derecho de la ACA. Existe diferencia en la prevalencia de variantes anatómicas del complejo ACA-AComA en población mexicana con respecto a otras poblaciones. La variante típica constituye la forma más prevalente en la población estudiada. Sin embargo, la presencia de variantes atípicas representa una cifra importante que deberá tomarse en cuenta en procedimientos clínicos y quirúrgicos.

2122 downloads

15.

Persistence to single-tablet regimen versus less-drug regimen in treatment experienced HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy
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Jiménez-Galán, Rocío

; Cantudo Cuenca, María-Rosa

; Robustillo-Cortés, María Aguas

; Borrego Izquierdo, Y.

; Almeida-Gonzalez, Carmen Victoria

; Morillo-Verdugo, Ramón

Farmacia Hospitalaria

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aug 2016, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 272 - 278

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Decreased antiretroviral therapy persistence is associated with increased rates of virologic failure, development of antiretroviral resistance, and increased morbidity and mortality. Different therapeutic strategies, such as single-tablet regimens (STR) and less-drug regimens (LDR), have been developed in order to simplify antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increase persistence. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare antiretroviral persistence among patients receiving STRs and patients receiving LDRs. A secondary objective was to identify factors associated with non-persistence. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included treatment-experienced HIV-infected patients who received ART based on STR or LDR. Baseline patient characteristics collected included demographic information, HIV risk transmission, substance abuse during the therapy, presence of psychiatric disorder and hepatitis B or C virus infection. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log rank was utilized to compare persistence to STR and LDR. To identify independent predictors of non-persistence we developed a multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 244 patients were included, 176 with STR and 68 with LDR. 60 (34.1%) patients discontinued in the STR group and 13 (19.1%) in the LDR group. The Cox regression model showed that the only variable associated with higher risk of non-persistence was the substance abuse (HR = 2.59; p = 0.005). Adverse events were the main reason for ART discontinuation in the STR group and virologic failure in the LDR group. Conclusions: Persistence to STR and LDR seems to be similar in pretreated HIV-infected patients. Drug abuse was the only factor identified with a higher risk of non-persistence.

Objetivos: Analizar y comparar la persistencia entre las estrategias basadas en Single-Tablet Régimen (STR) y Less Drug Régimen (LDR) en pacientes VIH+. El objetivo secundario del estudio fue determinar factores predictores de persistencia. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo que incluyó los siguientes criterios: pacientes VIH+ con tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) con un régimen basado en STR o LDR. Se recogieron variables demográficas, factores de riesgo de adquisición, consumo de drogas, presencia de algún trastorno psiquiátrico y coinfección por el virus de la hepatitis B o C. Para comparar la persistencia entre ambas estrategias se realizó un análisis de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meir y se aplicó el método de log-rank. Se realizó un análisis de regresión de Cox para identificar los factores predictores de persistencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 244 pacientes, 176 con STR y 68 con LDR. El 34,1% (n = 60) de los pacientes que recibieron un régimen STR abandonaron y en el LDR el 19,1% (n = 13). Los efectos adversos fueron la principal causa de abandono del tratamiento en los pacientes que recibieron STR y el fallo virológico en el régimen LDR. La persistencia de las estrategias STR y LDR fue similar, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambas. El consumo de drogas fue el único factor predictivo asociado con una menor persistencia (HR = 2,59; p = 0,005). Conclusiones: La persistencia entre los regímenes STR y LDR fue similar, no detectándose diferencias significativas entre ambos. El consumo de drogas fue el único factor independiente asociado con una menor persistencia del tratamiento antirretroviral.

https://doi.org/10.7399/fh.2016.40.4.10453 456 downloads

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