SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to emphasize the importance of legal and bioethical knowledge in maintaining medical confidentiality, especially in situations when there is a diagnosis of HIV infection. METHODS: A literature review of studies published in the Scientific Electronic Library Online and National Library of Medicine databases was performed. Sixteen studies available in full, online, and free, published between 2010 and 2020, were selected. RESULTS: The studies highlighted that, despite the ethical duty to breach confidentiality for the protection of third parties, many doctors are reluctant to reveal this secret due to the power of stigmatization and social discrimination related to the diagnosis of HIV infection, which affects integrity, counseling, and capability to treat patients. CONCLUSION: HIV diagnosis implies bioethical and legal questions. Respect for medical confidentiality is a matter to be discussed, as there is a need to protect the privacy of the patient, at the same time the responsibility to preserve the health of others.

Objetivo: Avaliar a microdureza Knoop, composição e resistência ao desgaste de dentes artificiais de resina acrílica submetidos ao ensaio de escovação mecânica. Métodos: Foram selecionados 10 dentes para o ensaio de escovação mecânica, 10 para microdureza e 5 para determinação da composição, de três marcas comerciais: Biotone, Trilux e Soluut PX. As amostras foram submetidas a 55.000 ciclos de escovação, sob carga de 200g e frequência de 250 ciclos por minuto, utilizando escova dental macia (IndicatorPlus 30, Oral-b), imersas em solução de dentifrício/água destilada na proporção de 1:1(Oral B Pró Saúde). O ensaio de microdureza foi realizado sob carga de 25 gramas durante 15 segundos em microdurômetro (HMV-2, Shimadzu). A composição das diferentes marcas comerciais foi determinada em MEV 5800, utilizando EDS que permite a análise química por meio de raios-x. Resultados: Os resultados obtidos no ensaio de escovação mecânica foram submetidos ao teste t pareado e aqueles obtidos no ensaio de microdureza Knoop foram submetidos à Análise de Variância e teste de BONFERRONI. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as marcas em ambos os ensaios. Conclusão: A análise da composição revelou que todos os dentes artificiais possuem carbono e oxigênio. Os dentes das marcas Trilux e Soluut PX apresentam também silício em sua composição, entretanto, a presença de partículas de carga não resultou em aumento da resistência.

Objective: To evaluate the Knoop hardness, composition, and wear resistance of acrylic-resin artificial teeth exposed to mechanical toothbrushing. Methods: Artificial teeth from three commercial brands - Biotone, Trilux, and Soluut PX - were used. From each brand, 10 teeth were selected for wear evaluation after mechanical brushing, 10 for microhardness testing, and 5 for composition analysis. Specimens underwent 55,000 brushing cycles, under a 200-g load and at a frequency of 250 cycles per minute, using a soft-bristled toothbrush (IndicatorPlus 30, Oral-B) soaked in a 1:1 toothpaste/water slurry (Oral B Pró Saúde). Microhardness testing was performed using a 25-g load for 15 seconds in an HMV-2 hardness tester (Shimadzu). The composition of teeth from different brands was determined by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) (Jeol JSM 5800). Results: Wear results after mechanical brushing were compared by means of the paired t-test, whereas those obtained in microhardness testing were compared by ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. There was no statistically significant difference between brands in either trial. Conclusion: Composition analysis revealed that all of the artificial teeth analyzed contain carbon and oxygen. Trilux and Soluut PX brand teeth also contain silicon; however, the presence of filler particles did not result in increased resistance.

A distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é um tipo de distrofia muscular em humanos caracterizada por uma doença genética ligada ao cromossomo X. O cão golden retriever portador da distrofia muscular (GRMD) tem sido intensamente estudado e considerado o modelo mais representativo para a doença observada em humanos. Assim, como forma de verificar anormalidades em órgãos internos nesses animais, foi realizado o exame ultra-sonográfico de 24 cães golden retriever saudáveis, portadores e afetados pela distrofia muscular. O exame ultra-sonográfico do GRMD diagnosticou aumento hepático de moderado a severo, incluindo os vasos hepáticos e seus ramos e aumento de ecogenicidade da vesícula biliar e vesícula urinária. Entretanto, não foram observadas imagens claras de alterações no baço e nos vasos ramos da aorta. A partir disso, acreditamos que o exame ultra-sonográfico constitui-se em um procedimento útil no acesso de órgãos abdominais em cães afetados pela distrofia muscular.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one type of human’s muscular dystrophy characterized by a genetic disorder linked to the X chromosome. The Golden Retriever muscular dystrophic (GRMD) has been extensively studied and considered the best resembling model to the human disease. Therefore, for identifying internal organs abnormality in GRMD, abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography was performed in 24 golden retriever dogs, either healthy or muscular dystrophic in different levels of disease. The GRMD ultrasonographic exams diagnosed moderate to severe liver enlargement, including hepatic vessels and their branches and increase of echogenicity in gallbladder and urinary bladder. However was not-clearly recognized pathologic images from spleen and aortic vessels were accessed. Therefore, we believe, the ultrasonographic exam was an useful procedure to the assessment of abdominal organs in dogs affected by muscular dystrophy.