Abstract This paper presents an equipment for monitoring synchronous generators condition through characteristics of the time derivative of the external magnetic field. The developed monitoring methodology allows the identification of established or incipient faults, by detecting changes in the magnetic signature of the synchronous generator. In this methodology, the measurement of signals outside the machine gives this equipment a non-invasive characteristic, allowing its monitoring without interfering or disturbing its operation. The developed system includes the specification of magnetic field sensors, signal measurement and processing equipment, as well as software for analysis and monitoring. The validation of the methodology used in this system was carried out through the analysis of experimental data, presenting efficient results in the detection of electrical and mechanical faults in synchronous generators of an experimental test bench and a hydroelectric power plant. As a result, the commercial specification of this equipment was obtained and two units were implemented in a hydroelectric power plant to monitor 305 MVA synchronous generators.

ABSTRACT Was performed a diagnosis to identify the species of the Scarabaeidae family present in guava cultivation, to determine the distribution and ecological indices of abundance and relative frequency of species associated with the cultivation. The sampling was carried out by light traps, in 35 fields of guava, in five Basic Units of Production and a small property, all belonging to the Ceballos Agroindustrial Enterprise, between May 2013 and June 2015. It was determined that the species of the Scarabaeidae family associated with the cultivation, were Cyclocephala cubana Chap., Phyllophaga patruelis Chev., Phyllophaga puberula Duval, Phyllophaga pilositarsis Blackwelder, Anomala calceata Chev., Strategus sarpedon Burm., Digitonthophagus gazella Fabricius and Dyscinetus picipes Burm. The most abundant species were C. cubana 60% (very abundant) and A. calceata Chev. with 10 % (abundant). The species C. cubana, P. patruelis, P. puberula, P. pilositarsis, A. calceata and S. sarpedon, were very frequent, while D. gazella and D. picipes were frequent in guava cultivation

RESUMEN La investigación se realizó para identificar las especies de la familia Scarabaeidae presentes en el cultivo del guayabo y su distribución e índices ecológicos de abundancia y frecuencia relativa. Los muestreos se realizaron, mediante trampas de luz, en 35 campos de guayabo de cinco Unidades Básicas de Producción y una Finca, todas pertenecientes a la Empresa Agroindustrial Ceballos entre mayo de 2013 y junio del 2015. Se determinó que las especies de la familia Scarabaeidae asociadas al cultivo fueron Cyclocephala cubana Chap., Phyllophaga patruelis Chev., Phyllophaga pilositarsis Blackwelder, Anomala calceata Chev., Strategus sarpedon Burm., Digitonthophagus gazella Fabricius y Dyscinetus picipes Burm., las especies más abundantes fueron C. cubana con un 60 % (muy abundante) y A. calceata con 10 % (abundante), las especies C. cubana, P. patruelis, Phyllophaga puberulaDuval, P. pilositarsis, A. calceata, S. sarpedon, son muy frecuentes, mientras D. gazella y D. picipes son frecuentes en el cultivo del guayabo

Resumen Introducción: Los eventos críticos intraoperatorios son situaciones raras, y su manejo en ocasiones podría ser inoportuno e inadecuado. Objetivo: Traducir y actualizar las listas de chequeo para manejo de eventos críticos en salas de cirugía desarrolladas por Ariadne Labs y adaptar la lista para el manejo de la toxicidad por anestésicos locales, a partir de evidencia clínica secundaria. Materiales y métodos: Para la traducción y actualización de las listas de chequeo se siguieron las recomendaciones de Ariadne Labs para la modificación de las lista de chequeo originales de acuerdo a una metodología sistemática dividida en fases: 1) traducción de las listas originales; 2) búsqueda sistemática de la literatura; 3) evaluación y selección de la evidencia; 4) adaptación de la lista para manejo de toxicidad por anestésicos locales; 5) cambios, sustracciones y adiciones a las listas traducidas, y 6) diagramación de las listas de chequeo. Resultados: Se tradujeron al español las 12 listas de chequeo originales y se adaptó una nueva lista para el manejo de toxicidad por anestésicos locales. Como resultado de la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura se tamizaron 1.407 referencias, de las cuales se seleccionaron e incluyeron 7 artículos con los que se actualizaron las nuevas listas de chequeo con base en la evidencia. Las nuevas listas se diagramaron según las recomendaciones de diseño de las listas originales. Conclusión: Se presentan 12 listas de chequeo traducidas y actualizadas y se adaptó una nueva para el manejo de toxicidad por anestésicos locales. Todo ello a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

Abstract Introduction: Critical intraoperative events are rare and may sometimes be managed poorly and too late. Objective: To translate and update the checklists developed by Ariadne Labs for management of critical events in the OR and to adapt the list for managing anesthetic toxicity, based on secondary clinical evidence. Materials and methods : In order to translate and update the checklists, the recommendations given by Ariadne Labs were followed to change the original checklists in accordance with a systematic methodology that comprises three phases: 1) translation of the original lists, 2) systematic literature search, 3) evaluation and selection of evidence, 4) adaptation of the list for managing anesthetic toxicity, 5) changes, deletions, and additions to the translated lists, and 6) layout of the checklists. Results: The 12 original checklists were translated into Spanish and a new list was adapted for managing toxicity from local anesthetic agents. As a result of the systematic literature search, 1407 references were screened, from which 7 articles were selected and included for evidence-based updating of the new checklists. The layout of the new lists was consistent with the design recommendations of the original lists. Conclusion: 12 translated and updated checklists were submitted and a new list was adapted for the management of local anesthetics toxicity, based on a systematic literature review.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Differences in breast cancer incidence suggest a significant role of environmental factors in the aetiology: obesity, central adiposity, excess body fat and some dietary factors have been suggested as risk factors. This pilot study aimed to analyse the pattern of nutritional status, body fat, and the usual dietary intake among women diagnosed with breast cancer, consecutively referred to the Radiotherapy Department of the University Hospital Santa Maria. Patients and methods: Throughout 2006, 71 consecutive women with breast cancer were included. Evaluations: weight (kg) & height (m), determined with a SECA® floor scale + stadiometer to calculate body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percentage body fat with bipolar hand-held bio-impedance analysis (BF-306®), Food Frequency Questionnaire validated for the Portuguese population to assess the usual dietary intake. Frequency analysis and Mann-Whitney U test were used to evaluate prevalence and associations. Results: Mean age was 60 ± 12 (36-90) years. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histology (68%), p < 0.05. Most patients were in stage I (30%) or stage IIA (25%) of disease vs IIB (10%), IIIB (4%), IV (4%) or others (21%), p < 0.05. Regarding nutritional status, 82% were overweight/obese; 89% of patients had a %body fat mass above the maximum limit of 30% vs only 8 (11%) with %body fat within normal range (p < 0.002); 62% pts had a waist circumference > 88 cm (prevalence analysis: p < 0.04), and 61% of pts had gained weight after diagnosis. Univariate analysis did not show any association between histology, BMI, %body fat and waist circumference; by multivariate analysis there was an association between higher BMI, %body fat & aggressive histologies (p < 0.005). Food frequency analysis showed a low intake of vegetables and wholegrain cereals rich in complex carbohydrates (sources of fibre and phytochemicals), of fatty fish & nuts, primary sources of n-3 PUFA's and a high intake of saturated fat; more aggressive histologies were correlated with low intake of green leafy vegetables (p =0.05) and n-3 fatty acids food sources (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings show a vast prevalence & homogeneous pattern of overweight/obesity, excessive body and abdominal fat, as well as weight gain after diagnosis, combined with diets deficient in protective nutrients. Further investigation is warranted as cancer rates in Portugal continue to increase.

Antecedentes: el cáncer de mama es el cáncer más frecuente en mujeres en todo el mundo. Las diferencias en la incidencia de cáncer de mama sugieren un papel significativo de los factores ambientales en su etiología: se han propuesto la obesidad, la adiposidad central, el exceso de grasa corporal y algunos factores dietéticos como factores de riesgo. El propósito de este estudio piloto fue analizar el patrón del estado nutricional, la grasa corporal y consumo dietético habitual en mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama y remitidas de forma consecutiva al Servicio de Radioterapia del Hospital Universitario de Santa María. Pacientes y métodos: A lo largo de 2.006, se incluyeron 71 mujeres consecutivas con cáncer de mama. Evaluaciones: peso (kg) & talla (m), determinados mediante una báscula + estadiómetro SECA® para calcular el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de la cintura, el porcentaje de grasa corporal con el análisis bipolar manual de bioimpedancia (BF-306®), el cuestionario Food Frequency Questionnaire validado en versión portuguesa para evaluar el consumo dietético habitual. Se emplearon el análisis de frecuencia y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para evaluar la prevalencia y las asociaciones. Resultados: la edad media fue 60 ± 12 (36-90) años. La histología más frecuente fue el carcinoma ductal invasivo (68%), p < 0,05. La mayoría de las pacientes estaba en estadio I (30%) o estadio IIA (25%) de la enfermedad frente a los estadios IIB (10%), IIIB (4%), IV (4%) y otros (21%), p < 0,05. Con respecto al estado nutricional, el 82% tenía sobrepeso / obesidad; el 89% de las pacientes tenía un % de grasa corporal por encima del límite máximo de 30% frente a sólo (11%) con un % de grasa corporal dentro del rango normal (p < 0,002); 62% pacientes tenían una circunferencia de la cintura > 88 cm (análisis de prevalencia: p < 0,04) y 61% de ellas había ganado peso tras el diagnóstico. El análisis univariado no mostró asociación alguna entre la histología, el IMC, el % de grasa corporal ni la circunferencia de la cintura; mediante el análisis multivariado se mostró una asociación entre un mayor IMC, el % de grasa corporal e histologías agresivas (p < 0,005). El análisis de frecuencia de alimentos mostró un consumo bajo de vegetales y cereales integrales ricos en complejos carbohidratados (fuentes de fibra o histoquímicos) o de ácidos grasos de pescados o frutos secos, fuentes primarias de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 y un consumo elevado de grasas saturadas; las histologías más agresivas se correlacionaban con un consumo bajo de verduras (p = 0,05) y de fuentes de ácidos grasos n-3 (p = 0,01). Conclusiones: nuestros hallazgos muestran una amplia prevalencia y un patrón homogéneo de sobrepeso/obesidad, y una cantidad excesiva de grasa corporal y abdominal, así como de ganancia de peso tras el diagnóstico, junto con deficiencias dietéticas en nutrientes protectores. ¡Se requiere investigación adicional puesto que las tasas de cáncer siguen aumentando en Portugal!

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar alterações na taxocenose de peixes devido à instalação da Pequena Central Hidrelétrica Salto Forqueta no curso do rio Forqueta. A área de estudo localiza-se na bacia hidrográfica do rio Taquari, entre os municípios de Putinga (margem esquerda do rio) e São José do Herval (margem direita do rio). O estudo abrangeu quatro etapas: Etapa I - dez/2000 a fev/2002 (anterior ao represamento), Etapa II - dez/2002 a jan/2004 (primeiro ano subseqüente ao represamento), Etapa III - maio/2004 a abr/2005 (segundo ano após o represamento) e Etapa IV - maio/2005 a jul/2006 (terceiro ano após o represamento). As amostragens foram realizadas com redes de espera de malhas diversas. Foram registradas 28 espécies na Etapa I, 21 espécies na Etapa II, 19 espécies na Etapa III e 18 espécies na Etapa IV, sendo que as maiores taxas de abundância nas quatro etapas de monitoramento variaram entre as espécies Astyanax spp., Hemiancistrus punctulatus Cardoso & Malabarba, 1999, Steindachnerina biornata (Pearson, 1924), Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther, 1864) e Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). Verificaram-se diversas alterações na ictiocenose local, porém, as alterações não se mostraram estatisticamente significativas.

This study aimed to verify the alterations on the fish assemblage due the installation of the Small Hydroelectrical Power-Station Salto Forqueta in the course of the Forqueta River. The study area is located in the Taquari River basin, between the municipalities of Putinga (left margin of the river) and São José do Herval (right margin of the river). The study encompassed four phases: Phase I - from dec/2000 to feb/2002 (before damming), Phase II - from dec/2002 to jan/2004 (first year following damming), Phase III - from may/2004 to apr/2005 (second year following damming) and Phase IV - from may/2005 to jul/2006 (third year following damming). The samples were taken using fishing nets with diverse mashes. It was registered 28 species during Phase I, 21 species during Phase II, 19 species during Phase III and 18 species during Phase IV. The abundance rates, during the four phases, varied among the following species: Astyanax spp., Hemiancistrus punctulatus Cardoso & Malabarba, 1999, Steindachnerina biornata (Pearson, 1924), Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther, 1864) and Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824). It was verified a range of alterations in the local fish assemblage, nevertheless, these alterations were not statistically significant.

This work compares the performance of two Lagrangian turbulent particle dispersion models: the standard model (e.g., that presented in Sommerfeld et al. (1993)), in which the fluctuating fluid velocity experienced by the particle is composed of two components, one correlated with the previous time step and a second one randomly sampled from a Wiener process, and the model proposed by Minier and Peirano (2001), which is based on the PDF approach and performs closure at the level of acceleration of the fluid experienced by the particle. Formulation of a Langevin equation model for the increments of fluid velocity seen by the particle allows capturing some underlying physics of particle dispersion in general turbulent flows while keeping the mathematical manipulation of the stochastic model simple, thereby avoiding some pitfalls and simplifying the derivation of macroscopic relations. The performance of both dispersion models is tested in the configurations of grid-generated turbulence (Wells and Stock (1983) experiments), simple shear flow (Hyland et al., 1999) and confined axisymmetric jet flow laden with solids (Hishida and Maeda (1987) experiments).