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Abstract This work describes the circulation over the continental slope and the São Paulo Plateau in the Santos Basin during the SANSED winter 2019 survey. The cruise consisted of four legs in the period between June, 11 and August, 03 2019. The observed circulation is dominated by the Atlantic southwestern boundary current regime and remotely-generated anticyclones and cyclones. The former is composed by the Brazil Current, the Intermediate Western Boundary Current and their mesoscale meanders; the latter are 300km vortical rings with origin in the eastern side of the South Atlantic Basin. A Lagrangian scheme applied over satellite altimeter maps indicate that the origin of these rings is primarily the Cape Basin of South Africa. The interaction between the boundary currents, their cyclonic meanders, and the anticyclonic rings is complex, and varies widely. During the SANSED winter 2019 survey period, three anticyclones interacted with the Brazil Current, instabilizing it, forming dipoles with the current cyclonic meanders, leading to their downstream propagation. Ancienter cyclonic eddies within Santos Basin may interfere with the propagation of the large anticyclones further south. In addition, the continuous arrival of remotely-originated anticyclones, the larger portion over the São Paulo Plateau presented a tendency of counter-clockwise circulation during the whole cruise period.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.2206icas

Forced Degradation Study and Development of a Stability-Indicating Method for Amoxicillin Capsules According to ANVISA Guidelines
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Gallo, Margareth B. C

; Nascimento, Diogo D. do

; Nunes, Nelson M

; Sousa, Flávia F. M. de

; Boniatti, Janine

; Aguiar, José L. N. de

; Medeiros, Juliana J. S

; Esteves, Alessandra L

; Guerra, Graça M. S

; Ferreira, Luiz E. M

; Regis, Lucas G. I

; Seiceira, Rafael C

; Moncorvo, Fabiana M. S. U

; Chaves, Marcelo H. C

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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dec 2021, Volume 32 N. 12 Pages 2195 - 2205

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to develop a reliable stability-indicating method (SIM) for amoxicillin 500 mg capsules (DP-drug product). A literature review addressing amoxicillin (AMX; DS-drug substance) forced degradation studies and the existing SIMs was conducted to verify the most significant outcomes. Subsequently, the forced degradation of DP and DS was carried out following the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) guidelines, including thermal degradation (dry and wet heat), acidic and alkaline hydrolyses, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, reaction with copper, and photodegradation. Both DS and DP were more susceptible to 0.015 M NaOH, resulting in approximately 50% degradation. AMX DS and DP were not significantly photodegraded, but some degradation products (PDegs) showed susceptibility to light exposure. Thermodegraded samples showing ≥ 10% degradation exhibited modified profiles in thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRPD) of DS samples exposed to dry and wet heat displayed complete amorphization of AMX, attesting to the occurrence of physical degradation concomitantly with chemical degradation, which can alter the drug’s bioavailability. In contrast, the thermodegraded DP samples exhibited intact AMX crystals interspersed with the amorphous form, perhaps partly protected by the excipient. The validated SIM was able to detect and quantify about 80 PDegs.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210111

Effects of semi-purified fractions from stems of Clusia hilariana on the development of Dysdercus peruvianus
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Rosado, Hania C.

; Anholeti, Maria C.

; Santos, Marcelo Guerra

; Santos-Mallet, Jacenir Reis dos

; Figueiredo, Maria R.

; Mello, Cicero B.

; Gonzalez, Marcelo S.

; Paiva, Selma R.

; Feder, Denise

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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dec 2019, Volume 29 N. 6 Pages 801 - 806

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Plants represent a huge source of substances, with pharmacological potential. Brazil has a diversity of agricultural insect pests and an urgent need for safer methods of insect control. Dysdercus peruvianus (Guerin-Meneville, 1831), Pyrrhocoridae, is an economically important species of the Order Hemiptera and a pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae). Secondary metabolites in stems of Clusia hilariana Schltdl., Clusiaceae, such as terpenes and benzophenones, have been reported to be insecticidal. The present study investigated the effects of semi-purified fractions of hexane crude extracts from male C. hilariana stems on development of D. peruvianus. Biological parameters at different stages of development including body malformations, range of molting period and toxicity were evaluated. Most insects died and failed to develop due to attachment of their exuviae to the abdomen. Deformations of wings and defective tarsi also occurred. The secondary metabolites from semi-purified fractions of C. hilariana caused mortality, interference in molting and metamorphosis, and body deformations, probably by interacting with the neuroendocrine system. The results demonstrate the potential of C. hilariana extracts as an alternative for the control of the phytophagous insect D. peruvianus and for the development of environmentally safe and biodegradable bio insecticides.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.07.005 308 downloads

In situ Determination of K, Ca, S and Si in Fresh Sugar Cane Leaves by Handheld Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
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Guerra, Marcelo B. B.

; Adame, Andressa

; Almeida, Eduardo de

; Brasil, Marcos A. S.

; Schaefer, Carlos E. G. R.

; Krug, Francisco J.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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may 2018, Volume 29 N. 5 Pages 1086 - 1093

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was evaluated in the in situ analysis of fresh sugar cane leaves for real time plant nutrition diagnosis. Fresh leaf fragments (n = 10 sugar cane varieties; 20 fragments per leaf; 2 measurement sites per fragment) were irradiated and the averaged data from X-ray characteristic emission lines intensities (for K, Ca, S and Si Kα lines) were in close agreement with mass fraction data obtained by a validated comparative method. The linear correlation coefficients (r) ranged from 0.9575 for Ca to 0.9851 for Si. The obtained limits of detection were at least two-fold lower than the critical nutrient levels. Manganese can also be properly determined, but validation still requires more robust calibration models. The proposed method is a straightforward approach towards the fast evaluation of the nutritional profile of plants avoiding time-consuming steps, which involve drying, grinding, weighing, and acid digestion.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170229 1142 downloads

Laboratory evaluation of Clusia fluminensis extracts and their isolated compounds against Dysdercus peruvianus and Oncopeltus fasciatus
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Duprat, Rodrigo C.

; Anholeti, Maria C.

; Sousa, Bruno P. de

; Pacheco, João P.F.

; Figueiredo, Maria R.

; Kaplan, Maria A.C.

; Santos, Marcelo Guerra

; Gonzalez, Marcelo S.

; Ratcliffe, Norman A.

; Mello, Cicero B.

; Paiva, Selma R.

; Feder, Denise

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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feb 2017, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 59 - 66

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The effects of the hexanic extracts of the fruits and flowers of Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana, Clusiaceae, as well as their main constituents, the triterpene lanosterol and the benzophenone clusianone, were evaluated on hemipterans Dysdercus peruvianus and Oncopeltus fasciatus. The topical treatments of insects with the hexanic extracts significantly affected the survival of O. fasciatus, but not that of D. peruvianus. Concomitantly, extracts delayed the development of both hemipterans. Moreover, isolated lanosterol significantly reduced both the survival and development of O. fasciatus and D. peruvianus, while clusianone only reduce the survival of D. peruvianus and marginally inhibited the development of both insects. The results show the specific activity of lanosterol and clusianone against the two evaluated insect species and indicate the potential of compounds derived from C. fluminensis for the development of specific biopesticides for the control of agricultural pests. Subsequent work will examine the mode of action of lanosterol and clusianone isolates from C. fluminensis.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2016.08.004 1017 downloads

Evaluation of micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and histochemical tests for aluminium detection in plants from High Altitude Rocky Complexes, Southeast Brazil
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CAMPOS, NAIARA V.

; PEREIRA, TIAGO A.R.

; MACHADO, MARIANA F.

; GUERRA, MARCELO B.B.

; TOLENTINO, GLÁUCIA S.

; ARAÚJO, JOSIANE S.

; REZENDE, MAÍRA Q.

; SILVA, MARIA CAROLINA N.A. DA

; SCHAEFER, CARLOS E.G.R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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mar 2014, Volume 86 N. 1 Pages 285 - 296

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Solos associados aos Complexos Rupestres de Altitude no Brasil destacam-se pela baixa fertilidade química, baixa saturação de bases e elevados teores de alumínio trocável. Esta condição estressante impõe pressões evolutivas que determinam o sucesso ecológico de espécies capazes de tolerar ou acumular grandes quantidades de alumínio. Vários métodos analíticos são utilizados para mapeamento de elementos químicos em estruturas biológicas, como microfluorescência de raios-X (μ-EDX) e testes histoquímicos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi combinar a μ-EDX e testes histoquímicos para quantificar o teor de Al em espécies vegetais de Complexos Rupestres de Altitude, e identificar os principais sítios de bioacumulação de Al. Cinco das espécies investigadas apresentaram concentração total de Al maior que 1000 mg kg−1. As principais hiperacumuladoras de Al,Lavoisiera pectinata, Lycopodium clavatume Trembleya parviflora, apresentaram reação positiva nos testes histoquímicos com Chrome Azurol e Aluminon. Alta correlação positiva foi observada entre as concentrações totais de Al e as magnitudes de sinal obtidas por μ-EDX. A análise com o uso da μ-EDX mostrou-se uma ferramenta promissora para mapear e quantificar Al em espécies hiperacumuladoras, constituindo uma importante técnica não destrutiva. Testes histoquímicos podem ser úteis na identificação de padrões de acumulação de Al em amostras vegetais antes de serem submetidas a uma minuciosa análise com a μ-EDX.

The soils developed under High Altitude Rocky Complexes in Brazil are generally of very low chemical fertility, with low base saturation and high exchangeable aluminium concentration. This stressful condition imposes evolutionary pressures that lead to ecological success of plant species that are able to tolerate or accumulate high amounts of aluminium. Several analytical methods are currently available for elemental mapping of biological structures, such as micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-EDX) and histochemical tests. The aim of this study was to combine μ-EDX analysis and histochemical tests to quantify aluminium in plants from High Altitude Rocky Complexes, identifying the main sites for Al-accumulation. Among the studied species, five showed total Al concentration higher than 1000 mg kg−1. The main Al-hyperaccumulator plants,Lavoisiera pectinata, Lycopodium clavatumand Trembleya parviflora presented positive reactions in the histochemical tests using Chrome Azurol and Aluminon. Strong positive correlations were observed between the total Al concentrations and data obtained by μ-EDX analysis. The μ-EDX analysis is a potential tool to map and quantify Al in hyperaccumulator species, and a valuable technique due to its non-destructive capacity. Histochemical tests can be helpful to indicate the accumulation pattern of samples before they are submitted for further μ-EDX scrutiny.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201402012 3444 downloads

Effects of the essential oil obtained from Pilocarpus spicatus Saint-Hilaire (Rutaceae) on the development of Rhodnius prolixus nymphae
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Mello, Cícero B.

; Uzeda, Cléber D.

; Bernardino, Marana V.

; Mendonça-Lopes, Duclécio

; Kelecom, Alphonse

; Fevereiro, Paulo C. A.

; Guerra, Marcelo S.

; Oliveira, Adriana P.

; Rocha, Leandro M.

; Gonzalez, Marcelo S.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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dec 2007, Volume 17 N. 4 Pages 514 - 520

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Bioensaios contra ninfas de 5º estádio de Rhodnius prolixus foram conduzidos utilizando-se óleo essencial de Pilocarpus spicatus extraído por hidrodestilação. Os principais resultados podem ser resumidos como se segue: (i) altos níveis de toxicidade e paralisia associados à discreta inibição da muda foram induzidos pela aplicação tópica de 0,5 µL ou 1,0 µL do óleo essencial por inseto; (ii) fagoinibição parcial, altos níveis de inibição da muda, período intermuda prolongado e alto número de insetos paralisados mas ausência de toxicidade foram observados após tratamento oral com 5,0 µL ou 10 µL de óleo essencial de P. spicatus por mL de sangue ingerido. A importância destes resultados em relação a eventos biológicos relevantes em R. prolixus é aqui discutida.

Bioassays against fifth-instar nymphae of Rhodnius prolixus were conducted with essential oil of Pilocarpus spicatus extracted by hydrodistillation. The main results may be summarized as follows: (i) high levels of toxicity and paralysis together with discrete moulting inhibition were caused by topical application of either 0.5 µL or 1.0 µL per insect of the crude essential oil; (ii) partial fagoinhibition, high moulting inhibition, prolonged intermoulting period and high number of paralyzed insects, but no toxicity were observed after oral treatment using either 5 µL or 10 µL of Pilocarpus spilcatus essential oil per mL of ingested blood meal. The importance of these results in relation to the relevant biological events in R. prolixus is herein discussed.

3026 downloads

Heterochromatin diversity and its co-localization with 5S and 45S rDNA sites in chromosomes of four Maxillaria species (Orchidaceae)
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Cabral, Juliano S.

; Felix, Leonardo P.

; Guerra, Marcelo

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2006, Volume 29 N. 4 Pages 659 - 664

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

We investigated four orchids of the genus Maxillaria (M. discolor, M. acicularis, M. notylioglossa and M. desvauxiana) in regard to the position of heterochromatin blocks as revealed using chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochrome staining and 5S and 45S rDNA sites using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The species showed differences in chromosome number and a diversified pattern of CMA+ and DAPI+ bands, including heteromorphism for CMA+ bands. The 5S and 45S rDNA sites also varied in number and most of them were co-localized with CMA+ bands. The relationship between 5S rDNA sites and CMA+ bands was more evident in M. notylioglossa, in which the brighter CMA+ bands were associated with large 5S rDNA sites. However, not all 5S and 45S rDNA sites were co-localized with CMA+ bands, probably due to technical constraints. We compare these results to banding data from other species and suggest that not all blocks of tandemly repetitive sequences, such as 5S rDNA sites, can be observed as heterochromatin blocks.

2891 downloads

Mieloma Múltiplo: 50 casos diagnosticados por citometria de fluxo
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Funari, Mariana F. A.

; Guerra, João C. C.

; Ferreira, Eurípides

; Pasternak, Jacyr

; Borovik, Cleide L.

; Kanayama, Ruth H.

; Nozawa, Sônia T.

; Mendes, Cláudio E. A.

; Brito, Ana C. M.

; Faulhaber, Marcelo H. W.

; Bacal, Nydia S.

Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia

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mar 2005, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 31 - 36

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O Mieloma Mútiplo é uma doença de evolução heterogênea, na qual a maioria dos pacientes recai muito precocemente após o tratamento. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é relatar diferentes estratégias de análise do mieloma por citometria de fluxo e sua importância na associação com citogenética no diagnóstico de doença residual. Entre 2.450 casos de doenças onco-hematológicas estudados, de setembro de 1993 a agosto de 2004, foram diagnosticados 50 (2,0%) Mieloma Múltiplo. Foram feitas análises morfológicas e, até o ano de 2000, as imunofenotipagens foram realizadas no citômetro de fluxo XL-MCL (Coulter) pela estratégia tamanho/complexidade, utilizando os anticorpos monoclonais CD19, CD20, CD38, CD45, CD56, HLA-DR, kappa e lambda de superfície e intracitoplasmáticas. A partir de 2001 passaram-se a utilizar painéis seqüenciais através do histograma CD138/Complexidade e anticorpos monoclonais CD19, CD38, CD56, CD117, kappa e lambda intracitoplasmáticas. Mais recentemente foram incluídos no painel os anticorpos CD45, HLA-DR e CD33. A análise do DNA foi realizada por citometria com auxílio do programa Multicycle em nove amostras, sendo que sete apresentaram população aneuplóide. O cariótipo com banda G foi realizado em 25 casos, e a pesquisa de deleção do 13q por FISH em 15. Alterações cromossômicas foram encontradas em 4 casos, sendo duas deleções de 13q confirmadas por FISH. A mudança na estratégia de gates associada à citogenética e ao estudo da cinética do ciclo do DNA permitem melhor identificação de células plasmáticas anômalas, avaliação do prognóstico e detecção de doença residual.

Multiple myeloma is a disease with variable natural history, but a clinical fact is that most of the transplanted patients relapse early after transplantation. Minimal residual disease should be one prognostic factor of transplanted patients that could judge if such patients are at risk for early relapse. We diagnosed 50 multiple myeloma cases from 2450 oncohematologic cancer diseases studied between September 1993 and August 2004 (2% of all cases). Until 2000 these cases were studied using a Coulter Flow Cytometer XL-MCL with monoclonal antibodies against CD19, CD38, CD45, CD56, intra-cytoplasmatic and surface kappa and lambda in a Forward Scatter x Side Scatter gate strategy. After 2001 we performed sequential studies using CD138 histogram complexity and monoclonal antibodies anti CD19, CD38, CD56, CD117, intra-cytoplasmatic kappa and lambda. More recently we included in the antibody pool anti-CD45, anti-HLA-DR and anti-CD33. DNA cytometric studies were performed with the Multicycle software in 9 cases, 7 of those with aneuploidy. G band karyotyping was made in 25 cases and the 13 q deletion was checked in 15 cases. Chromosomal alterations were found in 4 cases including two 13 q deletions, confirmed by FISH. Gate choice, cytogenetic studies and cycle kinetics of DNA are all data that permit better identification of anomalous plasma cells and therefore detection of minimal residual disease, that probably correlates with relapse prognosis.

10929 downloads

10.

Intercorrências clínicas na Síndrome de Turner
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Guimarães, Marília M.

; Guerra, Carla T.G.

; Alves, Solange T.F.

; Cunha, Maria C.S.A.

; Marins, Luiz A.

; Barreto, Luiz F.M.

; Teich, Evelyn

; Santos, Flávia N.

; Ornellas, José F.R.

; Carakushansky, Gerson

; Pinheiro, Gustavo

; Oliveira, Helena P.

; Beserra, Isabel C.R.

; Ghiaroni, Juraci

; Peixoto, Marcelo V.

; Farias, Maria L.F.

; Lanfredi, Mônica M.A.

; Proença, Munira A.

; Ramalho, Paula P.

; Pinheiro, Pedro S.

; Zagury, Roberto L.

; Antunes, Roberto A.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia

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aug 2001, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 331 - 338

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho descrevemos as malformações e co-morbidades observadas em pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST). Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, avaliando os prontuários de 60 pacientes cujo diagnóstico de ST foi confirmado através do cariótipo, desde a fase pré-natal até a idade de 49 anos. As pacientes encontram-se com idades entre 1 e 50 anos e foram evoluídas num período de 4 meses a 29 anos. Trinta e uma apresentavam o cariótipo 45XO, 24 eram mosaico e 5 apresentavam o padrão 46Xi, (i,Xq). Todas tinham baixa estatura e algum tipo de estigma. Cinco (8,3%) não apresentavam outras malformações congênitas e eram saudáveis; 55 (91,6%) apresentavam doenças associadas, sendo que em 23 (38,3%) foram detectadas doenças endócrinas, em 16 (26,6%) otorrinolaringológicas, 15 (25%) cardiológicas, 14 (23,3%) nefrológicas e 6 (10%) gastrointestinais. Entre as doenças endócrinas mais comuns, observamos hipotireoidismo (36,6%), seguido de osteoporose (18,3%) e hiperlipemia (11,6%). As doenças otorrinolaringológicas mais comuns foram as infecções (otite média e amigdalite); das doenças cardiológicas, as valvulopatias (principalmente aorta bicúspide), das nefrológicas as duplicações do sistema coletor e rotações renais e das gastrointestinais foram observados dois casos de divertículo de Meckel. Encontramos maior prevalência de malformações cardíacas nas pacientes com cariótipo 45XO, embora sem significância estatística quando considerados os demais cariótipos. Concluímos que, devido à alta ocorrência de doenças nesta síndrome, estas devem ser acompanhadas periodicamente em diferentes especialidades.

A retrospective study was held on data of 60 patients with Turner's Syndrome (TS), aiming to report the most prevalent diseases in this syndrome. Diagnosis was confirmed by kariotype from the prenatal period to the age of 49 years. At the time of the study the age of the patients ranged from 1 to 50 years, and they were observed during 4 months to 29 years. Thirty-one patients presented 45XO kariotype, 24 were mosaic and 5 were 46Xi, (i,Xq). All presented with low stature and some stigmas. Five (8.3%) did not present other diseases and are currently healthy. In 55 (91.6%) the following associate diseases were observed: 23 (38.3%) had endocrine, 16 (26.6%) ear, throat and nose, 15 (25%) cardiologic, 14 (23.3%) renal and 6 (10%) gastrointestinal diseases. The most common endocrine diseases were hypothyroidism (36.6%), osteoporosis (18.3%) and hyperlipidemia (11.6%). The most frequent ear, nose and throat diseases were infections (media otitis and tonsillitis). Congenital diseases of the aorta valve (bicuspid aorta valve) and double collecting systems with renal rotation were the most prevalent cardiac and renal diseases, respectively. Two patients had a diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum. Although congenital diseases were more common in 45XO patients, no statistical significant difference was found concerning the prevalence of the diseases on other karyotypes. We conclude that special support must be given to patients with TS, with periodical assistance by multiple specialists.

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