Resumo Este trabalho foi aplicado de forma a demonstrar a meia-vida radioativa no processo de decaimento radioativo, de maneira lúdica e descontraída com uso de poliedros, contemplando tópicos de Física Moderna no Ensino Médio. Aplicado em uma escola na cidade de Rio Grande - RS, Brasil, em um sistema híbrido de ensino, com uma turma presencial e outra remota com respectivamente 14 e 12 estudantes. Simultaneamente foram realizadas simulações das curvas de decaimento radioativo utilizando conjuntos de poliedros físicos com a turma presencial e poliedros virtuais com a turma que estava on-line, através de um aplicativo de celular. Como resultado do procedimento observou-se uma interação muito produtiva dos estudantes, inesperada para encontros híbridos. Os estudantes relataram que após o experimento o comportamento exponencial ficou contextualizado devido a simulação do decaimento radioativo, o que os motivou a pesquisarem mais sobre a radioatividade.

Abstract This work was applied in order to demonstrate the radioactive half-life in the radioactive decay process, in a playful and relaxed way with the use of polyhedra, covering topics of Modern Physics in High School. Applied in a school in the city of Rio Grande - RS, Brazil, in a hybrid teaching system, with one in-person class and another remote, with 14 and 12 students, respectively. Simulations of radioactive decay curves were simultaneously conducted using physical polyhedra with the in-person class and virtual polyhedra with the online class, through a mobile app. As a result of the procedure, a highly productive interaction among the students was observed, unexpected for hybrid classes. The students reported that after the experiment, the exponential behavior became contextualized due to the simulation of radioactive decay, which motivated them to research more about radioactivity.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of text messaging in improving adherence to occlusion therapy for amblyopia. The secondary objective was to correlate the responses given in a self-reporting questionnaire with treatment outcome (improvement in visual acuity). Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. The patients’ parents or legal guardians in the intervention group received text messages reminding them of the importance of patching. The control group received no text messages. At final evaluation, after a period of three to six months, the patients’ parents or legal guardians answered a self-reporting questionnaire to evaluate adherence to treatment. Results: The study included 34 patients with an average age of 5.35 years, 20 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group. According to the results of the self-reporting questionnaire, 50% of the study population was considered as having low adherence to treatment, 29% as having medium adherence, and 21% as having good adherence. There was no significant difference between trial groups. The comparison between an improvement in visual acuity and the mean value obtained in the self-reporting questionnaire showed a significant association between this improvement and adherence to treatment (p=0.03). Conclusion: The present study did not find a correlation between text messaging and an improvement in adherence to occlusion therapy, as shown by previous studies for different treatments. A statistically significant association was identified between an improvement in visual acuity and a good therapeutic adherence, as measured by the self-reporting questionnaire. This finding allows us to recommend using a self-reporting questionnaire as a simple method to measure adherence to treatment and help decisions about therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the patient's continuing treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do envio de mensagens de texto na melhora da adesão ao tratamento oclusivo da ambliopia. O objetivo secundário foi correlacionar as respostas dadas no questionário autorreportado e os resultados obtidos no tratamento (melhora da acuidade visual). Métodos: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, mascarado e randomizado. Os pais ou responsáveis legais dos pacientes no grupo intervenção receberam mensagens de texto para lembrar a importância dos oclusores. O grupo controle não recebeu mensagens. Na avaliação geral após 3 a 6 meses, os responsáveis responderam a um questionário autorreportado para avaliar a aderência ao tratamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 34 pacientes com idade média de 5,35 anos; 20 eram do grupo intervenção. A população do estudo foi considerada 50% pouco aderente ao tratamento, 29% com aderência média e 21% com boa aderência, de acordo com resultado do questionário autorreportado. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados. Quando comparada a relação entre a melhora da acuidade visual com o valor médio do questionário autorreportado, foi observada associação significativa da melhora com a adesão ao tratamento (p=0,03). Conclusão: Este estudo não mostrou melhora da aderência ao tratamento oclusivo com o envio de mensagens de texto, como tinha sido observado em estudos anteriores para outros tratamentos. Foi identificada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a melhora na acuidade visual e boa aderência terapêutica medida pelo questionário autorreportado. Isso permite recomendar o uso do questionário autorreportado como uma forma simples de mensurar aderência ao tratamento e auxiliar nas decisões sobre estratégias a serem adotadas na continuidade do seguimento do paciente.

Abstract Introduction: Reading is a highly refined skill that encompasses two main components: decoding graphic symbols and understanding the written message. These aspects generally develop together, but reading comprehension is a much more complex process, sustained not only by the identification of written words and vocabulary but also by language systems, such as syntax and general knowledge. Although there is a well-established technique for performing the Phoniatric assessment, there is no common use of tests that assess reading comprehension or the association of this information with other assessment data. Objective: The objective of this study is, in the context of the Phoniatric consultation, to evaluate the reading and retelling in children with relevant reading difficulties and to correlate the decoding and comprehension problems with the alterations observed in auditory and visual perceptual tests, pointing out the evidence that best contributed to the differential diagnosis of these subjects. Methods: Starting from a population of 301 children enrolled in the 4th and 5th grades of elementary school, 13 children with evident reading and writing difficulties were evaluated regarding the reading and retelling tasks and separated into groups according to the problem of decoding, fluency, and comprehension. Reading performance was correlated with the performance in visual and auditory perceptual tests and based on the similarity analysis, the tests considered to be the most relevant in the diagnosis process of these children were identified. Result: The results suggest that the tasks: naming of figures, repetition of numbers in reverse order, figure copying, syllabic synthesis, phonemic synthesis, rhyme, and phonemic manipulation altogether contribute to diagnosis and multidisciplinary intervention aspects. Conclusion: Some tasks are more relevant to the diagnostic process of children with complaints of learning difficulties in reading.

ABSTRACT Health care workers (HCW) are the frontline workforce for COVID-19 patient care and, consequently, are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to close contact to infected patients. Here, we evaluate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW from an infectious disease hospital, reference center for COVID-19 care in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Among 2,204 HCW, 1,417 (64.29%) were subjected to detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Out of the total, 271 (19.12%) presented anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Prevalence varied according to HCW categories. The highest prevalence was observed in workers from outsourced companies, cooks and kitchen assistants, hospital cleaning workers, and maintenance workers. On the other hand, resident physicians and HCW from the institution itself presented lower prevalence (nurses, nursing assistants, physicians, laboratory technicians). Social and environmental factors are important determinants, associated with exposure in the hospital environment, which can determine the greater or lesser risk of infection by pathogens that spread rapidly by air.

RESUMEN La correcta aplicación del derecho pende en gran medida de una buena educación jurídica, la cual debe reformularse en torno a las nuevas dimensiones de la justicia global y de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), desenmascarando los velos emocionales e ideológicos, heredados de las codificaciones del siglo XIX. Este artículo pone en evidencia la importancia de desanclar la historia de la educación jurídica, fortaleciendo el estudio del proceso y de la prueba para la justicia judicial del siglo XXI, que debe girar en torno a la Agenda 2030. Fortalecer las garantías procesales, profundizar en la argumentación, la epistemología, la lógica y la filosofía, llevará al abogado del futuro a trabajar por una sana convivencia y un mundo más justo.

ABSTRACT The correct application of the law depends to a large extent on a good legal education, which must be reformulated around the new dimensions of global justice and the ODS, unmasking the emotional and ideological veils, inherited from the codifications of the 19th century. This article highlights the importance of untying the history of legal education, strengthening the study of the process and the evidence for the judicial justice of the 21st century, which must revolve around the 2030 Agenda. Strengthening procedural guarantees, deepening argumentation, epistemology, logic and philosophy, will lead the lawyer of the future to work for a healthy coexistence and a more just world.

Resumo Introdução: A imobilidade está associada a resultados adversos, como perda da capacidade funcional e maior tempo de hospitalização. Objetivo: Avaliar a mobilidade intra-hospitalar na admissão como preditor de perda da capacidade funcional durante a hospitalização de idosos. Métodos: Um estudo de coorte prospectivo foi conduzido e os fatores de risco pessoais e relacionados ao hospital foram avaliados na admissão e alta. Para determinar se o Short Physical Performance Balance (SPPB) na admissão poderia prever a perda de capacidade funcional durante a internação, uma curva ROC foi realizada e a área sob a curva (AUC) foi calculada. Modelos de regressão logística binária foram usados para identificar preditores de perda de capacidade funcional. O modelo 1 continha apenas SPPB. O modelo 2 SPPB foi pareado com idade, sexo, atividades instrumentais da vida diária (AIVD), cognição, depressão e cirurgia. Os dados foram inseridos no SPSS versão 18.0. Resultados: Foram incluídos 1.191 pacientes com idade média de 70,02 (± 7,34). O ponto de corte do SPPB de 6,5 (sensibilidade 62%, especificidade 54%) identificou 593 (49,8%) pacientes com risco de perda funcional. Na regressão logística, o SPPB sozinho mostrou predição de perda funcional (p < 0,001, OR 1,8, IC 95% = 1,5-2,5) entre a admissão e a alta. O modelo 1 explicou entre 22 a 32% da variação da capacidade funcional. No Modelo 2, três variáveis contribuíram para a perda. SPPB 6,5 aumentou 1,8 vezes (IC 95% = 1,3-2,4), ser mulher aumentou 1,4 vezes (IC 95% = 1,0-1,8) e não ter operado aumentou 2 vezes (IC 95% = 1,4-2,8) a chance de ter perda funcional durante a hospitalização. Conclusão: O SPPB é um bom instrumento para predizer a perda da capacidade funcional em idosos hospitalizados.

Abstract Introduction: Immobility is associated with adverse outcomes such as loss of functional capacity and longer hospitalization. Objective: To assess intra-hospital mobility at admission as a predictor of loss of functional capacity during older adults´ hospitalization. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted, and personal and hospital related risk factors were assessed at admission and discharge. To determine whether Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) on admission could predict loss of functional capacity during hospitalization, a ROC curve was performed and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of loss of functional capacity. Model 1 contained only SPPB. Model 2 SPPB was matched with age, sex, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), cognition, depression and surgery. Data were entered into SPSS version 18.0. Results: 1,191 patients were included with a mean age of 70.02 (± 7.34). SPPB cutoff point of 6.5 (sensitivity 62%, specificity 54%) identified 593 (49.8%) patients at risk for functional loss. In logistic regression, SPPB alone showed prediction of functional loss (p < 0.001, OR 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5-2.5) between admission and discharge. Model 1 explained between 22 to 32% of the variation in functional capacity. In Model 2, three variables contributed to the loss. SPPB 6.5 increased 1.8 times (95% CI = 1.3-2.4), being a woman increased 1.4 times (95% CI = 1.0-1.8) and not having surgery increased 2 times (95% CI = 1.4-2.8) the chance of having functional loss during hospitalization. Conclusion: SPPB is a good instrument to predict loss of functional capacity in hospitalized older adults.

ABSTRACT Loneliness has emerged as a public health concern. Previous research has reported its deleterious effects on physical and mental health; however, some specific psychophysiological mechanisms in healthy adults remain to be elucidated. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether self-reported social support and social touch (giving and receiving social touch), as well as resting heart rate variability (HRV), are significant negative predictors of loneliness in healthy adults. The study sample consists of 120 healthy students (50% female) with a mean age of 21.85 years old (DP= 2.21). The students were asked to complete a psychiatric screening questionnaire utilizing loneliness, social support, and social touch scales. HRV was derived from an electrocardiographic signal recorded for 15 min, with the participant relaxed in a supine position. Linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate loneliness as a function of social support, social touch (giving or receiving touch), and resting HRV. The results show that social support (p< 0.001) and social touch, specifically receiving touch (p< 0.002), accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in loneliness. However, neither giving touch nor resting HRV was a significant predictor of loneliness. The current study highlights specific psychosocial factors in healthy adults that should be considered as promising pathways in order to reduce or work toward preventing loneliness, thus promoting better health and well-being.

Resumen Introducción. La pudrición seca es una enfermedad que ha adquirido gran importancia en Colombia debido a que ocasiona la pérdida de los tubérculos del ñame (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), tanto en campo como en almacenamiento, afecta los ingresos económicos y la productividad de los pequeños productores. Es escasa la información respecto a los agentes causales de esta enfermedad, por lo que no se tienen claras las estrategias para el manejo de esta problemática. Objetivo. Identificar y caracterizar hongos asociados a la pudrición seca de tubérculos de ñame. Materiales y métodos. Esta investigación se realizó entre marzo y octubre del año 2019, en la zona costanera del departamento de Córdoba en el Caribe colombiano. Se colectaron tubérculos de ñame en almacenamiento, debido a que los agricultores los conservan como semillas para próximas cosechas. En laboratorio se aislaron de las lesiones los hongos asociados, se caracterizaron y luego se identificaron a través de la amplificación de la región ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) del DNA ribosomal. Resultados. Se aislaron veintiocho crecimientos fúngicos asociados a la pudrición seca de los tubérculos del ñame, los cuales se agruparon en once morfotipos, de los cuales se identificaron diez especies, pertenecientes a nueve géneros fúngicos. Conclusión. Seis hongos podrían estar asociados a la pudrición seca de los tubérculos de ñame en la zona costanera de Colombia. Estos serían: Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus oryzae, Neocosmospora rubicola, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum y Curvularia aeria.

Abstract Introduction. Dry rot is a disease that has acquired great importance in Colombia because it causes losses in yam (Dioscorea rotunda Poir.) tubers, both in the field and in postharvest, affecting the economic income and productivity of smallholders. Information on the causal agents of this disease is scarce, so the strategies for managing this problem are unclear. Objective. To identify and characterize fungi associated with the dry rot disease of yam tubers. Materials and methods. This research was carried out between March and October 2019, in the coastal zone of the Córdoba department in the Colombian Caribbean. Yam tubers were collected in storage, due to the fact that farmers keep them as seeds for future harvests. In the laboratory, the associated fungi was isolated from the lesions, characterized, and then identified through the amplification of the ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region of the ribosomal DNA. Results. Twenty-eight fungal growths associated with dry rot of yam tubers were isolated and grouped into eleven morphotypes of which ten species were identified, belonging to nine fungal genera. Conclusion. Six fungi could be associated with the dry rot of yam tubers in the coastal zone of Colombia. These would be: Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus oryzae, Neocosmospora rubicola, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, and Curvularia aeria.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar la proporción de mujeres de 20 a 49 años con anemia por deficiencia de hierro (ADH), con deficiencia de hierro (DH) con deficiencia de hierro sin anemia (DHSA) y anemia no DH (ANDH) durante 2006, 2012 y 2018, y sus asociaciones con características sociodemográficas y estado nutricional. Material y métodos: Las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud y Nutrición de 2006, 2012 y 2018-19 usan métodos comparables para medir anemia (hemoglobina capilar) y deficiencia de hierro (DH, ferritina sérica). Ambas mediciones combinadas se compararon por año de encuesta y variables de control mediante regresión multinomial. Resultados: En 2006 la prevalencia global de anemia fue de 14.9% y DH de 29.0%, la de ADH de 8.35%, la de DHSA 20.5%, y ANDH 6.6%; en 2012 la prevalencia global de anemia fue de 13.3%, la de DH 29.6%, de ADH 8.6%, DHSA 21.0% y ANDH 4.7%; en 2018 prevalencia global de anemia fue de 21.4%, de DH 25.7%, ADH 10.5%, 15.2% y ANDH 10.9%. Conclusiones: La presencia global de anemia aumentó 6.5 pp entre 2006 y 2018; la de DHSA disminuyó; ADH no tuvo cambios significativos y el aumento mayor fue de ANDH.

Abstract Objective: To compare the prevalence of women 20-49 years of age with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency with no anemia (IDNA), and non-ID anemia (NIDA) in comparison during 2006, 2012 and 2018, and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status. Materials and methods: Ensanut 2006, 2012 and 2018-19 are comparable for measurements of anemia (hemoglobin) and Iron deficiency (ID, by ferritin). Both measurements combined were compared with year of surveys and other dependent variables using a multinomial regression. Results: In 2006, the total prevalence of anemia was 14.9% and ID 29.0%, the prevalence of IDA was 8.35%, of IDNA 20.5%, and NIDA 6.6%; in 2012, the total prevalence of anemia was 13.3%, ID was 9.6%, IDA 8.6%, IDNA 21.0% y NIDA 4.7%; in 2018 total prevalence of anemia was 21.4%, of ID 25.7%, IDA 10.5%, IDNA 15.2% and NIDA 10.9%. Conclusions: The total prevalence of anemia increased 6.5 pp between 2006 and 2018, IDNA reduced, IDA had no significant changes, the mayor increase (4.3 pp) occurred in NIDA.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade higiênica sanitária e a presença de microrganismos patogênicos em carnes in natura e linguiças frescais comercializadas na cidade de Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil. Foram analisadas 238 amostras de linguiças, carne bovina, suína e de frango de 18 estabelecimentos comerciais (açougues, supermercados e mercearias). As amostras foram submetidas à enumeração de microrganismos indicadores de higiene (aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias) e detecção de Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. As contagens médias de aeróbios mesófilos e enterobactérias foram 5,09 e 3,54 log UFC/g, respectivamente. Salmonella spp. esteve presente mais frequentemente em amostras de carne bovina (4,91 %), enquanto L. monocytogenes foi mais frequente em linguiças frescais (19,04 %). Das amostras analisadas, 43,70 % não atenderam aos parâmetros microbiológicos estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. A presença de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes em diferentes amostras e estabelecimentos comerciais demonstra falhas de boas práticas de fabricação na indústria e pontos de venda, além da necessidade de treinar manipuladores de alimentos para reduzir a exposição dos consumidores à riscos.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the sanitary hygienic quality and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in raw meats and fresh sausages marketed in the city of Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. We analyzed 238 samples of fresh sausages, beef, pork, and chicken from 18 commercial establishments (butchers, supermarkets, and groceries). Samples were subjected to enumerate hygiene indicator microorganisms (mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria) and detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. The mean counts of mesophilic aerobes and enterobacteria were 5.09 and 3.54 log CFU/g, respectively. Beef samples presented the highest frequency of Salmonella spp. (7.93%) and fresh sausages present the highest frequency of L. monocytogenes (19.04%). Among the analyzed samples, 43.70% did not comply with the microbiological parameters established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The presence of Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes in different samples and commercial establishments demonstrate the failures of good manufacturing practices in industrial environmental and retails points and the need to train food handlers to reduce the exposure of consumers to potential risks.

Resumen El edema macular diabético (EMD) representa la causa principal de pérdida de la visión en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Se trata de una enfermedad compleja que demanda a los oftalmólogos y retinólogos una amplia experiencia para lograr una oportuna detección, un certero diagnóstico y un adecuado tratamiento. En la actualidad se cuenta con diversas y novedosas alternativas de tratamiento que deben ser evaluadas a la par que las características y las necesidades de cada paciente para brindarle los mayores beneficios. En este documento se describen las características y la evidencia científica que respaldan algunos de estos tratamientos, así como la propuesta del Grupo de Consenso para el tratamiento más apropiado de los pacientes con EMD de acuerdo con sus características y perfiles.

Abstract Diabetic macular edema (DME) represents the leading cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is a complex disease that demands extensive experience from ophthalmologists and retinologists to achieve a timely detection, an accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment. At present, there are various and innovative treatment alternatives that must be evaluated along with the characteristics and needs of each patient to provide the greatest benefits. This document describes the characteristics and scientific evidence that support some of these treatments, as well as the Consensus Group's proposal for the most appropriate treatment of patients with DME according to their characteristics and profiles.

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de síndrome das pernas inquietas, movimento periódico das pernas e distúrbios do sono em adolescentes do sexo feminino com dor musculoesquelética idiopática por meio da escala do sono e da polissonografia e comparar esses dados em adolescentes sem histórico de dor. Método: Foram recrutados 26 adolescentes diagnosticados com dor musculoesquelética idiopática acompanhados em um ambulatório de dor e 25 controles saudáveis pareados por idade e escolaridade. Avaliamos os critérios da síndrome das pernas inquietas de acordo com o Grupo Internacional de Estudos de Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas, a Escala de Distúrbios do Sono em Crianças, a polissonografia noturna e os sintomas de ansiedade. Resultados: A idade média dos adolescentes com dor musculoesquelética idiopática foi 13,9 ± 1,6 anos e dos controles foi 14,4 ± 1,4 anos. Um adolescente no grupo de controle (4%) e nove pacientes com dor musculoesquelética idiopática (34,6%) atenderam aos critérios da síndrome das pernas inquietas (p = 0,011). Não observamos diferenças significativas nos escores da Escala de Distúrbios do Sono em Crianças entre os grupos em todos os componentes: distúrbios do início e da manutenção do sono (p = 0,290), distúrbios respiratórios do sono (p = 0,576), distúrbios do despertar (p = 0,162), distúrbios da transição sono-vigília (p = 0,258), sonolência diurna excessiva (p = 0,594) e hiperidrose do sono (p = 0,797). Os parâmetros neurofisiológicos, respiratórios e o movimento periódico das pernas foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. Ansiedade não foi associada à síndrome das pernas inquietas (p = 0,11). Três pacientes com dor musculoesquelética idiopática (11,5%) apresentaram síndrome das pernas inquietas e movimento periódico das pernas simultaneamente, situação ausente no grupo de controle. Conclusão: As adolescentes do sexo feminino com dor musculoesquelética idiopática apresentaram critérios para síndrome das pernas inquietas com mais frequência do que as adolescentes saudáveis. Contudo, não observamos mudanças relevantes nas variáveis do sono objetivas e subjetivas.

Abstract Objectives: To assess the presence of restless legs syndrome, periodic leg movement, and sleep disorders in female adolescents with idiopathic musculoskeletal pain through a sleep scale and polysomnography, and to compare these data in adolescents without pain history. Method: Twenty-six adolescents diagnosed with idiopathic musculoskeletal pain followed in a pain outpatient clinic and 25 healthy controls matched by age and education were recruited. The restless legs syndrome criteria were evaluated according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children was completed, nocturnal polysomnography was performed, and anxiety symptoms were recorded. Results: The mean age of idiopathic musculoskeletal pain adolescents was 13.9 ± 1.6 years; in controls, it was 14.4 ± 1.4 years. One adolescent in the control group (4 %) and nine patients with idiopathic musculoskeletal pain (34.6 %) fulfilled the restless legs syndrome criteria (p = 0.011). The authors did not observe significant differences in Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children scores between the groups in all components: disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (p = 0.290), sleep breathing disorders (p = 0.576), disorders of arousal (p = 0.162), sleep-wake transition disorders (p = 0.258), disorder of excessive daytime somnolence (p = 0.594), and sleep hyperhidrosis (p = 0.797). The neurophysiological, respiratory, and periodic leg movement parameters were similar in both groups. Having anxiety was not associated with restless legs syndrome (p = 0.11). Three patients with idiopathic musculoskeletal pain (11.5 %) presented restless legs syndrome and periodic leg movement simultaneously, which was absent in the control group. Conclusion: Female adolescents with idiopathic musculoskeletal pain present criteria for RLS more frequently than healthy adolescents. However, this study did not observe relevant changes in objective and subject sleep variables.

Abstract: Objective: To study the behavior of anemia in 2006, 2012 and 2018-19, its severity and associated factors in Mexican women between 20 and 49 years of age. Materials and methods: The Ensanut 2006, 2012 and 2018-19 has a methodological design that allows comparisons between them. Capillary hemoglobin (Hb) classified anemia with Hb values <12dL. Pregnant women were excluded. Anemia was associated with individual and sociodemographic factors using a logit regression model. Results: The reduction in anemia from 2006 to 2012 was significant, but not the increase for 2018-19. Anemia was associated with a higher number of pregnancies, and being 35 to 49 years of age. A BMI≥30 (k/m2), tertile 3 of wellness condition, not being indigenous and living in the Center and Mexico City were protective of anemia. Conclusions: Anemia continues to be a public health problem, especially in women 35 to 49 years of age with more than four pregnancies.

Resumen: Objetivo: Estudiar el comportamiento de la anemia en los años 2006, 2012 y 2018-19, su severidad y factores asociados en mujeres mexicanas de 20 a 49 años de edad. Material y métodos: Las Ensanut 2006, 2012 y 2018-19 tienen un diseño metodológico que permite comparaciones entre ellas. Mediante hemoglobina capilar <12dL se clasificó anemia. Se excluyó a quienes estuvieron embarazadas. Se asoció anemia con factores sociodemográficos mediante regresión logística. Resultados: La reducción de anemia de 2006 a 2012 fue significativa, pero no el incremento para 2018-19. Se asoció anemia con un mayor número de embarazos, y tener de 35 a 49 años de edad. Fueron factores protectores de anemia un IMC≥30(k/m2), tercil 3 de CB, no ser indígena y vivir en Centro y Ciudad de México. Conclusiones: La anemia continúa siendo un problema de salud pública, sobre todo en mujeres de 35 a 49 años de edad con más de cuatro embarazos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar o consumo de informações relacionadas com doença do novo coronavírus e seus efeitos em profissionais do setor da saúde durante a pandemia. Métodos: Um questionário on-line foi distribuído para funcionários de uma instituição de saúde em São Paulo, Brasil, entre 3 e 10 de abril de 2020. Os dados foram analisados com estatísticas descritivas. Resultados: Foram incluídos nas análises 2.646 participantes. A maioria (44,4%) reportou ter acessado uma quantidade excessiva ou próxima de excessiva sobre o novo coronavírus, e 67,6% reportaram ter aumentado seu tempo médio em mídias sociais. Quando perguntados se era fácil determinar o que era informação confiável, 43,2% responderam “às vezes”, comparados com 14,6% que responderam “sempre”. Sobre os possíveis sinais de sobrecarga de informação associada com a pandemia, 31% sempre ou quase todos os dias se sentiram estressados com a quantidade de informações que tinham que acompanhar. Entre os respondentes, 80,0% reportaram sentir pelo menos um sintoma como dor de cabeça, espasmos oculares, inquietação ou dificuldade para dormir. Participantes com um estilo mais negativo de lidar com muitas informações também reportaram maior proporção de sintomas que os participantes com estilo positivo. De forma semelhante, participantes que aumentaram seu acesso a mídias sociais reportaram maior proporção de sintomas do que os que diminuíram seu acesso durante a pandemia. Conclusão: Nossa pesquisa fornece uma descrição de como os indivíduos consomem informações relacionadas com a doença do novo coronavirus durante a pandemia e sugere que a exposição a uma quantidade excessiva de informações e as elevadas demandas podem impor sofrimento psicológico e afetar a saúde mental.

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate coronavirus disease 2019-related information consumption and related implications for health care professionals (medical and nonmedical personnel) during the pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional on-line survey was distributed to employees of a major health care institution located in São Paulo, Brazil between April 3 and April 10, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The sample comprised 2,646 respondents. Most participants (44.4%) reported excessive or almost excessive access to information about the novel coronavirus and 67.6% reported having increased their average time spent on social media. When asked how frequently they consider it was easy to determine the reliability of information, “sometimes” corresponded to 43.2% of the answers in contrast to 14.6% responding “always”. Answers related to potential signs of information overload associated with the pandemic indicated that 31% of respondents felt stressed by the amount of information they had to keep up with almost every day or always. Overall, 80.0% of respondents reported having experienced at least one of the following symptoms: headache, eye twitching, restlessness or sleeping difficulty. The frequency of symptoms was higher among participants with a more negative information processing style regarding when dealing with large volumes of information relative to those with a positive information processing style. Likewise, symptoms were more frequently reported by participants who had increased their social media access relative to those reporting reduced access during the pandemic. Conclusion: Our survey provides a description of how health professionals consume COVID-19 related information during the pandemic, and suggests that excessive information exposure and high processing demands may impose psychological distress and affect mental health.