The ecological consequences of biodiversity loss are usually the reduction of ecosystem functions. These responses, however, differ depending on the type of land-use change and the ecological setting. We investigated the impact of land-use type and ecosystem functions on the ant assemblage of Rashad District, Sudan. We analysed the effects of three different land uses (soy monoculture, pasture and organic production of vegetables) on the ant community by assessing ant composition in 176 different locations. The collection sites were conventional soy monoculture, pastures, organic agriculture, and native vegetation such as Campo, Kubos, and forests. We recorded 264 ant species on the soil surface of the Rashad District, where 342 to 354 species were thought to exist. Pastures and organic agriculture areas have 61% and 56% of the native myrmecofauna, respectively, while conventional soy monoculture areas are home to only 17% of native ant species. Forest areas present a unique community, and soy monoculture areas have the strongest pattern of biotic homogenisation. We also detected that rare species (of low frequency) were the chief promoters of richness in the Rashad District, and the most threatened with local extinction, due to their low density and low occurrence in agrosystems. Overall, we found that agricultural expansion reduces ant diversity, particularly in soybean crops, and can affect ecosystem functions. To mitigate the reduction in the ant assemblage, we recommend the conservation of multiple natural habitats. SIGNIFICANCE: • Agricultural land conversion and climate change play a major role in shaping tropical landscapes, but the direct and indirect links to biodiversity and species community composition remain poorly understood. • Ant richness is correlated with biomass, demonstrating that the effects on ecosystem function are dependent on the particularities of each assessed function (such as resource type), the types of land uses, and the abundance of ants in the region. • Land-use effects on ant diversity were strongly scale dependent. • The highest ant diversity occurred in soy monoculture areas.

Abstract Background: Demethylzeylasteral (T-96) is a pharmacologically active triterpenoid monomer extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF) that has been reported to exhibit anti-neoplastic effects against several types of cancer cells. However, the potential anti-tumour effects of T-96 against human Prostate cancer (CaP) cells and the possible underlying mechanisms have not been well studied. Results: In the current study, T-96 exerted significant cytotoxicity to CaP cells in vitro and induced cell cycle arrest at S-phase in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, T-96 promoted the initiation of autophagy but inhibited autophagic flux by inducing ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which subsequently activated the extrinsic apoptosis pathway in CaP cells. These findings implied that T-96-induced ER stress activated the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway to inhibit proliferation of CaP cells. Moreover, we observed that T-96 enhances the sensitivity of CaP cells to the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin. Conclusions: Taken together, our data demonstrated that T-96 is a novel modulator of ER stress and autophagy, and has potential therapeutic applications against CaP in the clinic.

ABSTRACT Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in all metazoans. HSPGs interact with growth factors and receptors through heparan sulfate (HS) chains. The sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate chains influences signaling events mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans located on the cell surface. SULF1 and SULF2 are two endo-sulfatases that can cleave specific 6-O-sulfate groups within the heparan chains. To determine their possible roles in tissues and satellite cells in vitro, their expression pattern was examined in tissues from 40-day-old chickens and in satellite cells from the breast muscles of 1-week-old and 2-week-old chickens using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analyses. The SULF1 and SULF2 transcripts were widely distributed in various tissues. Upon increasing culture times in chicken´s primary skeletal muscle satellite cells, SULF1 and SULF2 expression in 1-week-old chickens was significantly higher than in 2-week-old chickens, suggesting that sulfatases play a key role in satellite cell development. Therefore, our findings increase our knowledge of sulfatase expression diversity and provide a solid basis for further research concerning this molecular mechanism.

ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) plays critical roles in regulating various stages of ovarian follicle development in mammals. However, the mechanisms of regulation of BMP6 in the chicken ovary remain unclear. In this study, mRNA and protein expression level of BMP6 in chicken ovarian follicles at different development stages were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot separately. Different concentrations of BMP6 protein and FSH were added to the culture medium, and the effects to proliferation of granulose cells were detected, further effect on expression pattern of progesterone synthesis associated genes were also analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting and the secretion of progesterone was detected by ELISA. The results showed that mRNA and protein expression level of BMP6 increased significantly in the follicle with the development of follicle (p<0.05) and reached a peak at F1 follicle. Adding concentration of 50ng/ml and 100ng/ml of BMP6 protein promoted significantly the proliferation of granulosa cells (p<0.05), as well as up-regulated the expression of Steroid hormone synthesis acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) genes in mRNA and protein level. Meanwhile, the secretion of progesterone was significantly higher in the group that added BMP6 and FSH separately than blank control group (p<0.05) and reached a peak in the group that both added BMP6 and FSH. Collectively, these findings highlight that BMP6 is associated with proliferation of follicular cells and the synthesis of progesterone, which indicated that it took an important role in the follicular development of chicken.

ABSTRACT BMP6, a member of the subfamilies of the morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), plays a crucial role in osteogenic and chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and stimulates chondrogenesis, making chondrocytes differen-tiate on their terminal stage. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between polymorphism of BMP6 gene and slaughter traits in chicken respectively. We screened the exonic and intronic regions of BMP6 gene by DNA pool construction and amplified DNA fragment by PCR, and finally, we got nine SNPs. Association analysis revealed that BMP6 had no significant association among all slaughter traits in Yellow bantam chicken. However, BMP6 had a significant difference with femur weight, tibia weight, femur length (p<0.05), and was extremely significant with tibia length (p<0.01) in Avian chicken. Moreover, femur perimeter also had significant correlation with BMP6 in Avian chicken. These results provide useful information for further investigation on the function of chicken BMP6 gene.

ABSTRACT This article presents two cases of phakic refractive lens (PRL) complications in China. Case 1 presents a highly myopic patient with PRL's footplate partly subluxated into the anterior cham-ber by blunt trauma one-year after implantation. The PRL was repositioned successfully without other complications. Case 2 represents a case of pigment dispersion glaucoma that developed seven years after PRL implantation. Intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering therapy was initiated and the IOP contin-ued to be in the normal range for both affected eyes with ongoing follow-up. In summary, a comprehen-sive ophthalmic evaluation is essential to optimize both patient and PRL selection to minimize the risk of potential complications and PRL implantation warrants long-term follow-up.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta dos casos de complicaciones de lentes refractivos fáquicos (LRF) en China. El caso 1 presenta a un paciente altamente miope con reposapiés de LRF parcialmente subluxada en la cámara anterior por un traumatismo contuso un año después de la implantación. El LRF se reposicionó con éxito sin otras complicaciones. El caso 2 representa un caso de glaucoma de la dispersión del pigmento desarrollado siete años después de la implantación del LRF. Se inició la terapia para disminuir la presión intraocular (PIO), y la presión intraocular continuó en el rango normal para ambos ojos afectados con seguimiento permanente. En resumen, una evaluación oftálmica integral es esencial para optimizar la selección tanto del paciente como del LRF, con el fin de minimizar el riesgo de potenciales complicaciones y seguimiento a largo plazo de la garantía del implante de LRF.

ABSTRACT To identify what makes insulin have an activating or inhibiting role in gluconeogenesis in goose hepatocytes and whether insulin regulates PEPCK and G6Pase through the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway or not, goose primary hepatocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. After 12h cultured in serum-free medium, hepatocytes were incubated for 24 h in the medium with no addition (control) or with the addition of50, 100, and 150 nM of insulin, 1000 nM NVP-BEZ235, or co-addition of 150nM insulin and 1000nM NVP-BEZ235. Glucose concentration and PEPCK and G6Pase expression were determined. The results showed that PEPCK and G6Pase mRNA levels and activities were up regulated in the 50, 100, and 150nM insulin treatments, while glucose concentration was not significantly altered (p> 0.05). Compared with the activation role of 150nM insulin alone, the co-treatment with1000nM NVP-BEZ235 and 150nM insulin significantly down regulated PEPCK mRNA level and G6Pase protein activity (p< 0.05). However, there is a different result on mRNA level of G6Pase. In conclusion, G6Pase and PEPCK are up regulated by insulin through PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway in goose hepatocytes. However, G6Pase mRNA and protein levels may be regulated by insulin through different signaling pathways.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed at examining the effect of overfeeding on the activity of the mTOR pathway in the liver and muscle tissues of Gang geese. Eighty healthy male Gang geese were reared under the same feeding conditions, and were divided at 14 weeks of age into a control group and an overfed group. All birds were slaughtered after three weeks of over feeding. Gene expression and protein content of several genes involved in the mTOR pathway were evaluated. The results showed that the gene expression of mTOR, raptor, and rictor, and the protein contents of mTOR and PI3K were higher in liver, breast muscle, and leg muscle of the overfed group than that of control group. However, the S6K expression level was clearly lower in the liver of the overfed group than that of control group, and there was no evident difference in both breast muscle and leg muscle between the control group and the overfed group. These results suggest that overfeeding induces the activity of raptor, rictor, and mTOR, and that mTOR signaling pathway was closely linked with PI3K pathway in the evaluated geese.

Objectives: To explore the effects of computer radiation on weight and oxidant-antioxidant status of rats, and further to confirm that whether vitamin C has protective effects on computer radiation. Methods: Sixty Male adult ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. each group give different treatment as follows: group A was control, group B given vitamin C intake, group C given 8 h/day computer radiation exposure, group D given vitamin C intake and 8 h/day computer radiation group E given 16 h/day computer radiation exposure, group F given vitamin C intake plus exposure to 16 h/day computer radiation. After seven weeks, mice was executed to collect the blood samples, for detecting total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and alkaline phosphates (ALP)content in serum or liver tissue were determined by ELIASA. Results: No difference was found for the change of weight among six groups at different week. In the group C, D and F, the liver tissue T-AOC level were higher than the group A. In the group B, C and E, the serum ALP level were lower than the group A (P<0.05). Conclusions: The study indicate that computer radiation may have an adverse effect on T-AOC and ALP level of mice, and vitamin C have protective effect against computer radiation.

Objetivos: Explorar los efectos de la radiación de ordenador sobre el peso y el estado oxidativo-antioxidativo de los ratones, y además para confirmar si la vitamina C tiene efectos protectores contra la radiación de ordenador. Métodos: Sesenta ratones machos adultos ICR fueron aleatoriamente divididos en seis grupos. Cada grupo recibió un tratamiento diferente del modo siguiente: el grupo A fue el grupo de control, el grupo B recibió vitamina C, el grupo C fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo D recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 8 h/día, el Grupo E fue sometido a una radiación de ordenador de 16 h/día, el grupo F recibió vitamina C y fue sometido a una exposicion a la radiacion de ordenador de 16 h/día. Al cabo de siete semanas, los ratones fueron ejecutados para extraer las muestras de sangre, para detectar la capacidad antioxidante total (T-AOC) y el contenido de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) en suero o en tejido hepático fue determinado mediante ELISA. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto a cambio de peso entre los seis grupos diferentes. En los grupos C, D y F, el nivel en de T-AOC en tejido hepático fue más alto que en el grupo A. En los grupos B, C y E, el nivel de ALP en suero fue más bajo que en el Grupo A (P < 0,05). Conclusiones: El estudio indican que la radiación de ordenador puede tener un efecto adverso en los niveles de T-AOC y ALP de ratones, y que la vitamina C tendría un efecto protector contra la radiación del ordenador.

This study was undertaken to assess dietary crude protein (CP) concentration for optimum growth performance and carcass characteristics of Lueyang black-boned chicken. In total, six hundred 42-day-old Lueyang black-boned chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments, each with six replicate pens with ten males and ten females. The birds fed experimental diets with different levels of protein concentration of 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200 g kg-1 from seven to twelve weeks of age respectively. On day of 84, weight gain, feed intake, and feed:gain ratio were measured, and two chickens (one male and one female) close to the average weight of all birds in each treatment were selected from each pen and sacrificed to evaluate carcass traits and selected serum biochemical indexes. Dietary CP concentration did not have any significant influence on feed intake (p>0.05). The birds fed the diet with 180 or 160 g kg-1 CP concentration exhibited greater (p<0.05) growth rate, better feed conversion ratio, relative breast weight and albumin concentration in serum than that of those fed other dietary CP concentrations. According to the results of regression analysis, the CP requirements of Lueyang black-boned chicken from seven to twelve weeks of age for optimal weight gain and feed:gain ratio were 174 and 170 g kg-1, respectively.

A composição e atividade antimicrobiana dos óleos essenciais obtidos de madeira de ágar originária de Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg induzido por agente biológico da madeira de ágar, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (F), foram caracterizadas e comparadas com madeira de ágar selvagem (W) e árvores saudáveis não inoculadas (H) como controles positivo e negativo, respectivamente. A composição química de F foi investigada usando cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). O óleo essencial de F mostrou uma composição similar de W, sendo rico em sesquiterpenos e constituintes aromáticos. No entanto, o óleo essencial de H era abundante em alcanos. Os óleos essenciais de F e W mostraram ser inibidores mais potentes de L. theobromae, Fusariumoxysporum, e Candida albicans do que o óleo essencial de H. Nossas descobertas demonstram pela primeira vez que o óleo essencial obtido da madeira de ágar originado de A. sinensis induzido por L. theobromae teve uma alta similaridade com o óleo essencial da madeira de ágar selvagem, tanto em composição química como em atividade antimicrobiana. Além disso, a estratégia de madeira de ágar induzida por fungos pode ser potencialmente aplicada em madeira de ágar e produção de óleo essencial em árvores do gênero Aquilaria.

The composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from agarwood originating from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg induced by a biological agent of agarwood, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (F), were characterized and compared to those from wild agarwood (W) and uninoculated healthy trees (H) as positive and negative control, respectively. The chemical composition of F was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil of F showed a similar composition to that of W, being rich in sesquiterpenes and aromatic constituents. However, the essential oil of H was abundant in alkanes. Essential oils of F and W were more potent inhibitors of L. theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Candida albicans than the essential oil of H. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the essential oil obtained from the agarwood originating from A. sinensis induced by L. theobromae had a high similarity to that of the essential oil of wild agarwood, both in chemical composition and in antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the strategy of agarwood induced by fungi could be potentially applied in agarwood and essential oil production in Aquilaria trees.

Fanconi anemia complementation group F protein (FANCF) is a key factor, which maintains the function of FA/BRCA, a DNA damage response pathway. However, the functional role of FANCF in breast cancer has not been elucidated. We performed a specific FANCF-shRNA knockdown of endogenous FANCF in vitro. Cell viability was measured with a CCK-8 assay. DNA damage was assessed with an alkaline comet assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle, and drug accumulation were measured by flow cytometry. The expression levels of protein were determined by Western blot using specific antibodies. Based on these results, we used cell migration and invasion assays to demonstrate a crucial role for FANCF in those processes. FANCF shRNA effectively inhibited expression of FANCF. We found that proliferation of FANCF knockdown breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435S) was significantly inhibited, with cell cycle arrest in the S phase, induction of apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation. Inhibition of FANCF also resulted in decreased cell migration and invasion. In addition, FANCF knockdown enhanced sensitivity to doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. These results suggest that FANCF may be a potential target for molecular, therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.

It has been proposed that vertical movements of planktonic organisms coupled to a horizontally or vertically stratified circulation pattern could describe a retention mechanism, with ecological advantages such as favoring recruitment success. The Patagonian stock of the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi spawns mainly from January to February in relation to a highly productive tidal frontal system. Although retention of fish eggs and larvae has been previously hypothesized for this system, it has not been fully proven and its mechanisms have not yet been proposed for hake early stages. To better understand the physical and biological processes involved in the survival and distribution of hake larvae, we focused on transport features and associated larval behavior governing the retention of larvae in the spawning area and their subsequent distribution to settlement and nursery grounds. To test this hypothesis at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, we analyzed acoustic records to describe vertical and horizontal distribution patterns of hake larvae, discrete plankton samples to confirm the identity of acoustic targets, and outputs from a numerical circulation model to estimate current patterns in the region during the hake spawning months. Coinciding with the development of a functional swimbladder, hake larvae of 4 mm and larger showed a strong vertical distribution pattern associated with a sound scattering layer migrating from the thermocline during the night to near-bottom depths during the day. This diel vertical migration pattern was associated with the circulation structure, equivalent to a two-layer flow, indicating a recirculation pattern in the vertical plane. The retention of early larval stages in the spawning area was evident from the acoustic data, indicating a persistent location for the bulk of hake larvae at the main spawning ground during summer months. The distribution extends to the rest of the nursery grounds as the breeding season advances in agreement with the general pattern of middle shelf bottom circulation vectors produced by the numerical model. The results are discussed within the framework of Bakun's fundamental triad, identifying its elements. In addition, a conceptual model for the main biophysical coupling processes during the early life history of M. hubbsi is proposed in order to gain insight about the recruitment mechanism of this species.

Se ha propuesto que movimientos planctónicos verticales acoplados a patrones de circulación horizontal o verticalmente estratificados podrían describir un mecanismo de retención con ventajas ecológicas como la mejora del reclutamiento. El desove del stock patagónico de la merluza argentina Merluccius hubbsi es principalmente de enero a febrero y está asociado a un frente altamente productivo. Aunque se ha hipotetizado sobre la retención de huevos y larvas de peces en este frente, esto no ha sido plenamente probado y sus mecanismos aún no han sido propuestos para los estadios tempranos de la merluza. A fin de comprender mejor los procesos físicos y biológicos involucrados en la supervivencia y distribución de las larvas de merluza, este trabajo se enfocó en los fenómenos de transporte y el comportamiento larvario asociado a ellos, los cuales permitirían la retención de larvas en el área de desove y su posterior distribución hacia las zonas de asentamiento y crianza. Para probar esta hipótesis a escalas espaciales y temporales apropiada, se analizaron registros acústicos para describir los patrones de distribución vertical y horizontal de las larvas de merluza, muestras discretas de plancton para confirmar la identidad de los blancos acústicos, y los resultados de un modelo de circulación numérico para estimar los patrones de corriente en la región durante los meses de desove de la especie. Coincidiendo con el desarrollo de una vejiga natatoria funcional, las larvas de 4 mm y mayores mostraron un marcado patron de distribución vertical asociado a una capa dispersora del sonido, que migra desde la termoclina, donde se encuentra durante la noche, hasta profundidades cerca del fondo durante el día. Este patrón diario de migración vertical estuvo asociado a la estructura de circulación, equivalente a un flujo en dos capas, lo que indica un patrón de recirculación en el plano vertical. La retención de estadios larvarios tempranos en el área de desove fue evidenciada por los datos acústicos que indican una ubicación persistente del grueso de las larvas de merluza en la principal zona de desove durante los meses de verano. La distribución se extiende al resto de la zona de crianza conforme avanza la temporada reproductiva coincidiendo con el patrón general de los vectores de circulación de fondo predichos para la sección media de la plataforma. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de la triada fundamental de Bakun identificando sus elementos. Además se propone un modelo conceptual acerca de los principales procesos de acoplamiento biofísico durante las primeras fases del ciclo de vida de la merluza para profundizar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos de reclutamiento de la especie.

The propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils are sometimes insufficient in number or efficiency to increase the growth of host plants. That situation could be resolved by inoculating the soils with indigenous or nonin-digenous AMF. However, it must take into account that soils may differ in their receptivity to the introduced AMF. The aim of this work was to select parameters as indicators of the presence, activity and benefit of plant-symbiotic non-indigenous AMF which can be used as inoculants in moderately acidic soils. We evaluated how inoculation with AMF affected mycorrhizal colonization and growth parameters of model onion plants grown in two moderately acid soils of different origin (Argentina and France). Inoculation with Glomus claroideum and Acaulospora longula in the Argentinean soil produced the highest AMF colonization of roots, total alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and highest mycorrhizal response (MR). In the soil from France, inoculation with A. longula produced the highest amount of mycorrhizal roots and plant growth. Inoculation with Scutellospora pellucida produced an appropriate MR in the Argentinean soil but no significant MR was detected in the soil from France. G. clarum showed a high capacity to colonize roots but low efficiency for MR. Inoculation with A. laevins produced the lowest levels of colonization and MR in both soils. Direct and multivariate analysis of the tested parameters showed that the accumulation of dry shoot matter and fresh root matter combined with mycorrhizal colonization (both total and with ALP activity) is adequate for the rapid identification of potentially efficient strains for introduction into the tested soils. The ALP efficiently showed tested AMF activities and good correlation with plant growth responses. Although root growth combined with mycorrhizal colonization could be a useful parameter, it must be taken into consideration that it is not easy under field conditions to quantify total root weight per plant. Plant height may in some cases be a useful parameter.

En ocasiones los propágulos de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) en los suelos pueden estar en bajo número o éstos no ser eficientes para aumentar el crecimiento de las plantas hospedadoras. La estrategia sería recurrir a la inoculación con HMA (nativos o no). Si la inoculación se realiza con HMA no nativos, debe considerarse que los suelos difieren en su receptividad a los HMA a ser introducidos. El objetivo del trabajo fue seleccionar algunos indicadores de presencia, actividad y beneficio de la simbiosis planta-HMA no nativos para ser utilizados como inóculos en suelos moderadamente ácidos. Para ello, se evaluó cómo la inoculación con HMA incidió sobre la colonización micorrícica y algunos parámetros de crecimiento en una planta modelo crecida en dos suelos moderadamente ácidos de diferente origen (Argentina y Francia). En el suelo de la Argentina la inoculación con Glomus claroideum y Acaulospora longula ocasionaron los mayores grados de micorrización total y con actividad fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) así como las mayores respuestas micorrícicas (RM). En el suelo de Francia, el mayor crecimiento y cantidad de raíz micorrizada se obtuvieron por la inoculación con A. longula. La inoculación con Scutellospora pellucida presentó adecuada RM en el suelo de la Argentina, pero nula en el suelo de Francia. G. clarum manifestó una alta capacidad micotrófica, aunque una baja eficiencia para ser utilizado en los suelos testeados. Asimismo, la inoculación con A. laevins presentó los más bajos niveles de colonización y las menores respuestas de crecimiento en ambos suelos. El análisis directo de los parámetros, así como el análisis multivariado entre la RM y los parámetros de micorrización y crecimiento mostraron que la combinación entre los parámetros de peso aéreo y de producción de raíces con los de colonización micorrícica (total y con actividad ALP) resulta adecuada para identificar de manera rápida las potenciales cepas de HMA a introducir. La actividad ALP es un parámetro que evidenció la actividad de los HMA y presentó buena correlación con la respuesta de crecimiento. La producción de raíces combinada con el porcentaje de micorrización mostró ser un parámetro de utilidad, sin embargo hay que considerar que en condiciones de campo no es factible cuantificar el peso radical total obtenido por planta. El crecimiento en altura de la planta, puede, en algunos casos, ser un parámetro de utilidad.

The ex vivo antioxidation activity of polysaccharide extracted from the red seaweed Porphyra yezoensis was studied by systematically measuring and analyzing the scavenging efficiencies on the free radicals O-2·, -OH and DPPH, and the inhibitory effects on the hemolysis in mouse erythrocytes induced by H2O2 and on lipid peroxidation in mouse liver homogenates. The results show that Porphyra polysaccharide, in the experimental concentration range, possessed antioxidation activity. The scavenging efficiency for O-2· was found to be remarkably high and the maximum scavenging rate was 82.77%. The scavenging efficiency for ·OH was even higher than for O-2·, with a maximum removing rate of 85.63%, whereas for DPPH it was 13.97%. The inhibitory effects on mouse erythrocyte hemolysis and malondialdehyde formation in mouse liver were significant, with maximum inhibition rates of 82.90% and 58.48%, respectively. The combined data indicate that the polysaccharide extracted from Porphyra has strong antioxidation activity.

Se estudió la actividad antioxidante de polisacáridos extraidos del alga roja Porphyra yezoensis. Se midió y analizó sistemáticamente su eficiencia para eliminar los radicales libres O-2·, -OH y DPPH, y sus efectos inhibitorios en la hemólisis inducida por H2O2 en eritrocitos de ratón, así como en la peroxidación lipídica en homogeneizado de hígado de ratón. Los resultados sugieren que el polisacárido de Porphyra, en el intervalo de concentración experimental, presentó actividad antioxidante. La eficiencia de eliminación para O-2· resultó notablemente alta, con una tasa máxima de 82.77%. La eficiencia para eliminar el radical ·OH fue aún mayor, con una tasa máxima de 85.63%, mientras que para eliminar DPPH fue de 13.97%. Los efectos inhibitorios en la hemólisis de eritrocitos de ratón y en la formación de malondialdehído en el hígado de ratón fueron significativos, con tasas máximas de inhibición de 82.90% y 58.48%, respectivamente. Estos resultados en su conjunto indican que los polisacáridos extraídos de Porphyra tienen una fuerte actividad antioxidante.