ABSTRACT A study was conducted to investigate the influence of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPS) and inorganic selenium supplementation in the drinking water on behavior, performance, and immunity of Arbor Acres® and Ross®308 broilers exposed to E. coli O157:H7 1.6 × 108 challenge at the 10th day of age. 180 one-day-old female broilers were divided into six groups, each with 30 chicks. G1 and G4 were supplied with 1 mL SeNPS 100 mg.L-1/L, G2 and G5 were supplied with 1 mL inorganic selenium 100 mg.L-1/L, and G3 and G6 were supplied with non-supplemented water. Where, G1, G2, and G3 were Arbor Acres®, while G4, G5, and G6 were Ross®308 broilers. A total of 1280 samples (160 sera, 160 intestinal swabs and 960 organ samples including liver, spleen, bursa, heart, breast muscles, and thymus) were collected in a study period of 38 days. A highly significant increase (p<0.01) of weight gain, feed conversion, performance index, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, immunoglobulin G and M, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase was recorded in G4 Ross®308 compared to other supplemented and control groups. G1 Arbor Acres® and G4 Ross®308 broilers, also revealed a highly significant decline (p<0.01) in total bacterial and enterobacteriaceae counts of intestine and breast muscles compared to G2 Arbor Acres® and G5 Ross®308 broilers and to controls. Photomicrographs revealed a higher degree of cellular and tissue protection in G4 and G5 Ross®308 compared to G1 and G2 Arbor Acres® broilers. An improvement from SeNPS supplementation was detected on behavior, performance, bacterial load, immunological, antioxidant profiles, and tissue architecture in broilers breeds with special reference to Ross®308 compared to Arbor Acres® broilers.

Resumo Atletas jovens (≤ 35 anos), com doenças cardiovasculares de diagnóstico conhecido ou não, podem morrer subitamente em atividades competitivas, fato este que pode causar grande impacto na mídia e na sociedade. Embora apresentem risco relativo aproximadamente duas vezes maior em comparação com seus pares não-atletas, a incidência absoluta de morte súbita (MS) é baixa. Entre entidades médicas no mundo todo, é consenso que a detecção precoce dos fatores causais é muito desejável, mas há debate em relação aos diferentes esquemas de rastreamento para esse fim. No Brasil, a recomendação da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia espelha-se nas diretrizes da European Society of Cardiology (ESC), segundo as quais o exame clínico aliado a um eletrocardiograma de repouso de 12 derivações é indicado, independentemente da presença de fatores de risco. A possibilidade de rastreamento genético também existe, uma vez que a maior parte das entidades clínicas causadoras de MS no esporte em jovens atletas se relaciona com o genótipo. Por fim, considerando a diversidade de modalidades esportivas praticadas, e sendo a população brasileira muito miscigenada, salientamos a necessidade de um registro nacional de casos.

Abstract Young competitive athletes (≤ 35 years old) with or without a previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease may suddenly die in competitive activities, potentially leading to an impact in society through the media. Although the relative risk for sudden death (SD) in athletes is twice as high as for their counterparts, the absolute incidence is low. While there is consensus among medical societies worldwide that early detection of causal factors is highly desirable, there is debate among different screening schemes to that end. In Brazil, the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology mirror the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), which indicate a clinical examination combined with a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, regardless of the presence of risk factors. The possibility of genetic screening is also plausible, since most clinical entities that cause SD in young competitive athletes are related to genotype. Finally, considering the diversity of practiced sports, and the population miscegenation, we emphasize the need to a national registry of cases.