We described an automatic diameter control system (ADC), for the laser heated pedestal growth technique, that reduces the diameter fluctuations in oxide fibers grown from unreacted and non-sinterized pedestals, to less than 2% of the average fiber diameter, and diminishes the average diameter fluctuation, over the entire length of the fiber, to less than 1%. The ADC apparatus is based on an artificial vision system that controls the pulling speed and the height of the molten zone within a precision of 30 mum. We also show that this system can be used for periodic in situ axial doping the fiber. Pure and Cr3+ doped LaAlO3 and pure LiNbO3 were usedas model materials.

Este trabalho de pesquisa foi conduzido no município de Araruna-PR, com o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância dos cultivares de mandioca Espeto, Mico, Fécula Branca, IAC-14 e Fibra a diferentes herbicidas. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: testemunha sem herbicida, metribuzin (0,49 kg i.a. ha-1), clomazone (1,00 kg i.a. ha-1), mistura formulada de ametryne + clomazone 2,50 kg i.a. ha-1) e ametryne + trifluralin (1,50 + 1,80 kg i.a. ha-1). Todos os tratamentos foram mantidos capinados durante o ciclo da cultura. Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial (5²), e delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados. Foram avaliados sintomas de fitotoxicidade, estande, altura e produtividade. O tratamento com ametryne + trifluralin foi o mais seletivo à cultura, e apenas a mistura formulada de ametryne + clomazone, nos cultivares Mico e Fécula, causou sintomas visuais de fitotoxicidade aos 51 dias após o plantio. Nenhum dos tratamentos químicos afetou o estande ou o crescimento da cultura. As maiores produtividades de raízes foram obtidas com os cultivares Fécula Branca e IAC-14.

This work was carried out at Araruna, PR - Brazil, to evaluate the tolerance of five cassava cultivars (Espeto, Mico, Fécula Branca, IAC-14, and Fibra) to different herbicides. Treatments evaluated were check (no herbicide), metribuzin (0.49 kg a.i. ha-1), clomazone (1.00 kg a.i. ha-1), formulated mixture of ametryn + clomazone (2.50 kg a.i. ha-1) and ametryn + trifluralin (1.50 + 1.80 kg a.i. ha-1). All treatments were maintained weed free during the entire crop cycle. The experiment was arranged in a factorial scheme (5²), randomized block design. Tolerance was evaluated based on phytotoxicity symptoms, crop stand, height and yield. Ametryn + trifluralin was the most selective treatment applied to cassava and only the formulated mixture of ametryn + clomazone caused visual symptoms of injury in the Mico and Fécula cultivars, at 51 days after planting. No chemical treatments affected cassava stand or height. The highest root yields were achieved by the cultivars Fécula Branca and IAC-14.

Gallium solubility in the Bi12TiO20 (BTO) matrix was investigated by solid state reaction synthesis and Bi12Ti(1-x)Ga xO20 (BTGaO) single crystals were grown by Top Seeded Solution Growth (TSSG). We determined that it is possible to obtain a continuous solid solution from (x)Bi12TiO20: (1-x)Bi12[Ga0.7Bi0.3]O20 and that Ga replaces Ti in the BTO matrix giving Bi12Ti(1-x)Ga(x)O20 up to x < 0.2. BTGaO single crystals grown with an excess of Bi2O3 were transparent, a bleaching effect was observed due to the presence of gallium in the crystalline sillenite structure and their lattice parameter was higher than for pure BTO. The results for BTGaO single crystals showed an increase in the optical activity from rho0 = 6.4° ± 0.3°/mm, for BTO, to rho0 = 9.7° ± 0.3°/mm, for BTGaO grown with x = 0.30 in the melt. The BTGaO crystal presented an activation energy value of 0.48 ± 0.02 eV for 100 °C <= T <= 300 °C.

This paper presents a methodology for the preparation of <FONT FACE="Symbol">a</font>-HgI2 by Physical Vapor Transport and of PbI2 crystals using the Bridgman technique. The results of the growth of HgI2 diluted in PbI2 by the Bridgman technique are shown for the first time, its limit of solubility having been determined at 600 ppm of HgI2 in the PbI2 matrix. Optical absorption, photoluminescence and electrical conductivity measurements show that the crystals prepared are of good crystalline quality.

Visible and Infrared Optical Absorption and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) techniques have been used to characterize the intrinsic defects in sillenite type crystals: nominally pure Bi12TiO20 (BTO) and doped with vanadium (BTO:V). Optical quality crystals, with the composition Bi12.04±0.08Ti0.76±0.07V0.16±0.02O20, have been grown. Results obtained by these different techniques have shown unambiguously the 5+ valence state of the vanadium ion in BTO:V crystals. In pure BTO samples, the EPR and optical spectra show strong evidence of the presence of the intrinsic defect BiM3+ + ho+, which consists of a hole h+, mainly located on the oxygen neighbors of the tetrahedrally coordinated Bi3+ ion. After doping with vanadium, results have shown that the characteristic bands, associated to this hole defect center, disappear, suggesting its transformation in single Bi3+. Anisotropy of the EPR spectra , at 20 K, is related to Fe3+ impurities.