ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and physicochemical traits of wine grape cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, and Sauvignon Blanc) grafted on two different rootstocks (IAC 766 Campinas, and 106-8 Mgt) under subtropical conditions. The productive components (number of bunches, production per vine, yield, number of berries per bunch, fresh mass, length, and width of berries) and the grape must physicochemical composition (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and maturation index) were determined after four consecutive harvest seasons. Results from analysis of variance and principal component analysis showed that Cabernet Franc and Syrah were generally more productive than the other ones. In addition to that, Cabernet Sauvignon presented the lowest production and the smallest grape berries of all. With regards to rootstocks, IAC 766 induced higher scions yield than 106-8 Mgt; besides that, IAC 766 had greater affinity with Cabernet Franc and Merlot, which was observed by the increase in the number of bunches per vine, larger and heavier bunches, as well as higher soluble solids content and pH value than the ones in 106-8 Mgt. Furthermore, IAC 766 also induced higher soluble solids content and pH value for Cabernet Sauvignon. Results showed similar effects for Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc, regardless of the rootstocks.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the profiles of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) considered physically active or inactive according to different classifications of the level of physical activity in daily life (PADL). Method Pulmonary function, dyspnea, functional status, body composition, exercise capacity, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and presence of comorbidities were assessed in 104 patients with COPD. The level of PADL was quantified with a SenseWear Armband activity monitor. Three classifications were used to classify the patients as physically active or inactive: 30 minutes of activity/day with intensity >3.2 METs, if age ≥65 years, and >4 METs, if age <65 years; 30 minutes of activity/day with intensity >3.0 METs, regardless of patient age; and 80 minutes of activity/day with intensity >3.0 METs, regardless of patient age. Results In all classifications, when compared with the inactive group, the physically active group had better values of anthropometric variables (higher fat-free mass, lower body weight, body mass index and fat percentage), exercise capacity (6-minute walking distance), lung function (forced vital capacity) and functional status (personal care domain of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living). Furthermore, patients classified as physically active in two classifications also had better peripheral and expiratory muscle strength, airflow obstruction, functional status, and quality of life, as well as lower prevalence of heart disease and mortality risk. Conclusion In all classification methods, physically active patients with COPD have better exercise capacity, lung function, body composition, and functional status compared to physically inactive patients.

Um método simples, validado e econômico está descrito para a determinação de deltametrina e cipermetrina em leite bovino. Baseia-se na extração simultânea e clean up da matriz por dispersão em fase sólida (MSPD) com Celite® usando hexano/acetona (7:3 v/v), seguido de análise por cromatografia gasosa com detecção por captura de elétrons (GC-µECD). A análise de confirmação foi feita por GC-espectrometria de massas (MS). O processo simultâneo mostrou-se eficiente para amostras de leite. As recuperações médias em amostras de leite bovino fortificadas ficaram na faixa de 60 a 81%, com um desvio-padrão relativo (RSD) de 9 a 18%. O método apresentou limites de quantificação (LOQ) de 0,010 µg g-1 para ambos os piretróides e os limites de detecção (LOD) foram 0,007 e 0,002 µg g-1 para cipermetrina e deltametrina, respectivamente. A principal vantagem do método proposto é o número reduzido de etapas envolvidas, além de ser simples, rápido e barato. O método foi aplicado em amostras de leite integral coletadas em propriedades leiteiras do município de Chapada dos Guimarães, MT, Brasil. Deltametrina não foi detectada nas vinte amostras analisadas e cipermetrina foi detectado em quatro amostras (20%) em quantidades inferiores ao limite de quantificação.

A simple, validated and economic method is described for the determination of deltamethrin and cypermethrin in bovine milk. It is based on simultaneous extraction and clean up on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) with Celite® using hexane/acetone (7:3 v/v), followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-µECD) analysis. Confirmatory analysis was carried out by GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The simultaneous process showed to be efficient for milk samples. Average recoveries from fortified bovine milk samples were in the range of 60 to 81%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) from 9 to 18%. Method limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.010 µg g-1 for both pyrethroids and limits of detection (LOD) were 0.007 and 0.002 µg g-1 for cypermethrin and deltamethrin, respectively. The main advantage of the proposed method is the reduced number of steps involved, besides being simple, rapid and inexpensive. The method was applied to whole milk samples collected at dairy farms in the municipality of Chapada dos Guimarães, MT, Brazil. Deltamethrin was not detected in the twenty analyzed samples, and cypermethrin was detected in four samples (20%) at trace levels (< LOQ).

Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training. The number and myenteric neuronal cell bodies as well mucosal and muscular tunic morphometry were evaluated. Control animals received a standard chow for 8 weeks, and the treated ones received the standard chow for 4 weeks and were later fed with the same chow but added with 2% creatine. Animals were divided in groups: sedentary, sedentary supplemented with creatine, trained and trained supplemented with creatine. The training consisted in treadmill running for 8 weeks. Duodenal samples were either processed for whole mount preparations or for paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological and morphometric studies of the mucosa, the muscular tunic and myenteric neurons. It was observed that neither creatine nor physical training alone promoted alterations in muscular tunic thickness, villus height or crypts depth, however, a reduction in these parameters was observed when both were associated. The number of myenteric neurons was unchanged, but the neuronal cell body area was reduced in trained animals but not when training and creatine was associated, suggesting a neuroprotector role of this substance.

OBJETIVO: Analisar as alterações morfológicas do tálus após o tratamento cirúrgico do pé torto congênito pela técnica de McKay. MÉTODO: Foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, radiografias em perfil com carga dos pés de 14 pacientes com pé torto congênito unilateral submetidos ao tratamento pela técnica de McKay por dupla incisão. Todos os pacientes foram operados pelo mesmo cirurgião, com média de 6,53 anos entre a cirurgia e a radiografia. Comparamos as características do tálus dos pés operados com os parâmetros radiográficos dos pés contralaterais. Avaliamos a presença de deformidade do dômus e da cabeça do tálus (avaliação da esfericidade); a altura e o comprimento do tálus; a presença e grau de subluxação do navicular; a alteração do ângulo de Gissane; e o padrão do trabeculado ósseo. RESULTADOS: Alterações da cabeça do tálus ocorreram em 92,8% dos casos; do dômus em 92,8%; e do trabeculado em 100%. A relação entre o comprimento do tálus do pé operado sobre o contralateral variou de 0,61 a 0,88 (média de 0,79; DP = 0,09), e da altura de 0,57 a 0,98 (média de 0,82; DP = 0,12). O ângulo de Gissane aumentou em todos os pés operados, e todos apresentaram subluxação do navicular, com índice variando de 6,43 a 59,75% (média de 26,34%; DP = 16,66%). CONCLUSÃO: Alterações talares ocorreram em 100% dos pés tratados pela técnica de McKay. Estabelecer parâmetros radiográficos para descrever e quantificar essas deformidades mostrou-se viável, através de técnicas simples e de fácil execução.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze morphological abnormalities of the talus in patients with clubfoot after surgical treatment using the McKay technique. METHOD: Lateral standing-position radiographs of the feet of 14 patients with unilateral clubfoot who underwent treatment by means of the double-incision McKay technique were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were operated by the same surgeon, with an average of 6.53 years between surgery and the radiograph. We compared the radiographic characteristics of the talus between the operated and the contralateral foot. We assessed the presence of deformity of the talar dome and head (sphericity evaluation); the talar length and height; the percentage and degree of navicular subluxation; abnormalities of the Gissane angle; and the trabecular bone pattern. RESULTS: Abnormalities of the talar head occurred in 92.8% of the patients; of the talar dome in 92.8%; and of the trabecular pattern in 100%. The talar length ratio between the operated and the contralateral foot ranged from 0.61 to 0.88 (mean 0.79; SD = 0.09), while the height ratio ranged from 0.57 to 0.98 (mean 0.82; SD = 0.12). The Gissane angle was greater in all of the operated feet, and all of them also showed navicular subluxation, at a rate ranging from 6.43 to 59.75% (mean 26.34%; SD = 16.66%). CONCLUSION: Talar abnormalities occurred in 100% of the feet treated using the McKay technique. It was shown that establishing radiographic parameters to describe and quantify these deformities was feasible, through simple and easy-to-perform techniques.

OBJETIVO: Analisar as alterações morfológicas do tálus após o tratamento cirúrgico do pé torto congênito pela técnica de McKay. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas, retrospectivamente, radiografias em perfil com carga dos pés de 14 pacientes com pé torto congênito unilateral submetidos ao tratamento pela técnica de McKay por dupla incisão. Todos os pacientes foram operados pelo mesmo cirurgião, com média de 6,53 anos entre a cirurgia e a radiografia. Comparamos as características do tálus dos pés operados com os parâmetros radiográficos dos pés contralaterais. Avaliamos a presença de deformidade do dômus e da cabeça do tálus (avaliação da esfericidade), a altura e o comprimento do tálus, a presença e grau de subluxação do navicular, a alteração do ângulo de Gissane e o padrão do trabeculado ósseo. RESULTADOS: Alterações da cabeça do tálus ocorreram em 92,8% dos casos; do dômus, em 92,8%; e do trabeculado, em 100%. A relação entre o comprimento do tálus do pé operado sobre o contralateral variou de 0,61 a 0,88 (média de 0,79; DP = 0,09), e da altura de 0,57 a 0,98 (média de 0,82; DP = 0,12). O ângulo de Gissane aumentou em todos os pés operados, e todos apresentaram subluxação do navicular, com índice variando de 6,43 a 59,75% (média de 26,34%; DP = 16,66%). CONCLUSÕES: Alterações talares ocorreram em 100% dos pés tratados pela técnica de McKay. Estabelecer parâmetros radiográficos para descrever e quantificar essas deformidades mostrou-se viável através de técnicas simples e de fácil execução.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphologic changes of the talus after surgical treatment of congenital clubfoot using the McKay procedure. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed lateral standing radiographs of the feet in 14 patients with unilateral clubfoot treated by the McKay procedure. All patients were operated on by the same surgeon, with an average of 6.53 years between surgery and the radiograph. We compared the characteristics of the talus between the operated foot and the contralateral foot. We evaluated the deformity of the domus and the head of the talus (sphericity evaluation), the talar length and height, the presence and percentage of navicular subluxation, changes in the Gissane angle, and the trabecular pattern of the bone. RESULTS: Deformities of the head of the talus were observed in 92.8% of the patients; of the domus in 92.8%; and of the trabecular pattern in 100%. The ratio between the talar lengths of the operated foot and the contralateral foot ranged from 0.61 to 0.88 (Mean 0.79, SD = 0.09), while the height ratio ranged from 0.57 to 0.98 (Mean 0.82, SD = 0.12). The Gissane angle was increased in all of the operated feet, which also showed some degree of navicular subluxation, ranging from 6.43 to 59.75% (Mean 26.34%, SD = 16.66%). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal talar findings were observed in 100% of the feet treated using the McKay procedure. The establishment of radiographic parameters to describe and quantify these deformities was feasible through simple and easy techniques.