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OBJECTIVES: This observational, cross-sectional study based aimed to test whether heart failure (HF)-disease management program (DMP) components are influencing care and clinical decision-making in Brazil. METHODS: The survey respondents were cardiologists recommended by experts in the field and invited to participate in the survey via printed form or email. The survey consisted of 29 questions addressing site demographics, public versus private infrastructure, HF baseline data of patients, clinical management of HF, performance indicators, and perceptions about HF treatment. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 98 centers (58% public and 42% private practice) distributed across Brazil. Public HF-DMPs compared to private HF-DMP were associated with a higher percentage of HF-DMP-dedicated services (79% vs 24%; OR: 12, 95% CI: 94-34), multidisciplinary HF (MHF)-DMP [84% vs 65%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-8), HF educational programs (49% vs 18%; OR: 4; 95% CI: 1-2), written instructions before hospital discharge (83% vs 76%; OR: 1; 95% CI: 0-5), rehabilitation (69% vs 39%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), monitoring (44% vs 29%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-5), guideline-directed medical therapy-HF use (94% vs 85%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15), and less B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) dosage (73% vs 88%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-9), and key performance indicators (37% vs 60%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 1-7). In comparison to non- MHF-DMP, MHF-DMP was associated with more educational initiatives (42% vs 6%; OR: 12; 95% CI: 1-97), written instructions (83% vs 68%; OR: 2: 95% CI: 1-7), rehabilitation (69% vs 17%; OR: 11; 95% CI: 3-44), monitoring (47% vs 6%; OR: 14; 95% CI: 2-115), GDMT-HF (92% vs 83%; OR: 3; 95% CI: 0-15). In addition, there were less use of BNP as a biomarker (70% vs 84%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 1-8) and key performance indicators (35% vs 51%; OR: 2; 95% CI: 91,6) in the non-MHF group. Physicians considered changing or introducing new medications mostly when patients were hospitalized or when observing worsening disease and/or symptoms. Adherence to drug treatment and non-drug treatment factors were the greatest medical problems associated with HF treatment. CONCLUSION: HF-DMPs are highly heterogeneous. New strategies for HF care should consider the present study highlights and clinical decision-making processes to improve HF patient care.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e1991 870 downloads

CHEMICAL CONTROL OF ASIAN SOYBEAN RUST AS A FUNCTION OF CULTIVAR, ROW SPACING AND SPRAY BAR SUPPORT SYSTEMS
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Hoffmann, Laercio L.

; Roehrig, Rafael

; Boller, Walter

; Forcelini, Carlos A.

Engenharia Agrícola

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aug 2019, Volume 39 N. 4 Pages 504 - 511

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Product deposition and foliar surface cover are highly impacting factors on the efficiency of foliar fungicides applied to soybean cultivars, due to their low mobility, with side effects on Asian soybean rust (ASR) control. Spray bar support systems, such as the air curtain (Vortex®) and the use of nozzles along the bar (Dropleg®), stand out as an alternative to obtain a better distribution of fungicide throughout the plant. In this study, two spray bar support systems (Vortex® and Dropleg®) were, therefore, evaluated and compared with the conventional spraying method based on the biological efficacy in ASR control. In order to do this, two harvests, with three spacing between rows and two cultivars were employed. Vortex® and Dropleg® spray bar support mechanisms do not effectively contribute to the optimization of Asian soybean rust control or to the grain crop yield, regardless of cultivar and row spacing. Decreasing the row spacing did not influence the level of control of Asian soybean rust, as the highest grain yield was obtained with the smallest spacing. The cultivar with genetic resistance to Asian rust showed lower levels of this disease, thus, greater control against the use of fungicides.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n4p504-511/2019 973 downloads

DEPOSITION AND COVERAGE OF SOYBEAN LEAF SURFACES BY SPRAYS APPLIED USING DIFFERENT ASSISTED BOOM SPRAYER SYSTEMS
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Hoffmann, Laercio L.

; Roehrig, Rafael

; Boller, Walter

; Forcelini, Carlos A.

Engenharia Agrícola

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apr 2019, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 198 - 207

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Maintaining homogeneity in the distribution of fungicidal sprays applied throughout the plant, minimizing the variation between the upper and lower third of the plant, is one of the main challenges for application technologies with regard to soybean crops. To increase the deposition and leaf coverage of sprayed compounds, especially in the middle and lower thirds of the plant, we developed and tested alternative assisted boom sprayer systems. In this study, three assisted boom sprayer systems (Vortex®, Dropleg®, and chain curtain) were evaluated, in addition to the conventional system, in terms of the deposition and coverage of the leaf surface they achieved in the upper, middle, and lower thirds of plants using the fluorescent tracer Helios SC 500™. The assisted boom sprayer systems allowed the sprayed mixture to be better distributed throughout the plant. With the conventional spray system (without assitance), the deposition in the upper third was approximately 26 times higher than that in the lower third, whereas with the use of the assisted boom sprayer systems, the difference in deposition between these thirds was 11 times higher. Among the evaluated systems, the Dropleg® system presented the lowest depositional variation, which was only 5.5 times higher in the upper than in the lower third, because of the increased deposition achieved in the lower third of the plant. Leaf coverage varied from 41% to 81% in the upper third, from 24% to 43% in the middle third, and from 4% to 13% in the lower third of the plant. Using the conventional spray system, the leaf surface coverage was approximately 13 times higher in the upper third than in the lower third of the plant, whereas with the use of the assisted boom sprayer systems, especially the Dropleg® system, this variation was reduced by 73%, and the coverage of the upper and lower thirds only differed by 3.5 times. Indeed, the Dropleg® system reached a leaf coverage of close to 13% in the lower third of the plant. The use of assisted boom sprayer systems improved the distribution of the mixture applied throughout the plant, reducing the differences among the thirds of the plant both in the levels of deposition and coverage of the leaf surfaces. The Dropleg® system increased the deposition and leaf coverage in the lower third of the plant the most, facilitating better distribution of the mixture.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n2p198-207/2019 810 downloads

Regulador de crescimento em plantas de trigo: reflexos sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo, rendimento e qualidade de grãos
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Chavarria, Geraldo

; Rosa, Willian Pelisser da

; Hoffmann, Laércio

; Durigon, Miria Rosa

Revista Ceres

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dec 2015, Volume 62 N. 6 Pages 583 - 588

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Reguladores de crescimento podem ser utilizados com o intuito de evitar o acamamento do trigo, porém, podem apresentar outros benefícios, em função da melhoria da interceptação de luz e da realocação de carbono. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do regulador de crescimento (trinexapac-etil) sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo, os componentes da produção e a qualidade de grãos de dois cultivares de trigo distintos em relação à susceptibilidade ao acamamento. Um experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação e outro a campo. No experimento em casa de vegetação, foram avaliadas as variáveis de desenvolvimento vegetativo (estatura de planta, relação entre raiz e parte aérea, áreas foliares unitária e total, comprimento e matéria seca de raízes) em plantas de trigo, com e sem a aplicação de trinexapac-etil, em estádio de primeiro nó visível e segundo nó perceptível. A campo foram avaliadas variáveis de desenvolvimento vegetativo (clorofila, estatura e área foliar), rendimento (número de espigas, massa de mil grãos e produtividade) e qualidade (massa do hectolitro e conteúdo de proteína), em plantas de trigo com variações de aplicação de trinexapac-etil (testemunha sem aplicação, perfilhamento e primeiro nó visível e segundo perceptível). O regulador de crescimento trinexapac-etil aumenta a relação entre raiz e parte aérea do cultivar Mirante e a produtividade dos cultivares Quartzo e Mirante. Porém, não interfere na qualidade de grãos desses cultivares.

ABSTRACT Growth regulators could be used to avoid wheat lodging, however may show advantages due to increase in solar radiation intercepted and carbon reallocation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of a growth regulator (trinexapac-ethyl) on vegetative development, production components and grain quality of two wheat cultivars distinct in lodging. An experiment was done in greenhouse and another at field. In greenhouse were evaluated vegetative development variables (plant stature, leaf area, ratio root:shoot, length and dry mass of roots) in wheat plants with and without application of trinexapac-ethyl on first node visible and second node noticeable. At field were evaluated vegetative development, yield and quality grain variables (hectoliter mass and protein content) in wheat plants with variations of trinexapac-ethyl applications (untreated control, tillering and first node visible and second node noticeable). The growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl increases the ratio root:shoot in Mirante cultivar and increases the yield in Quartzo and Mirante cultivars. However, using the growth regulator, there is no interference in the grain quality of these cultivars.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X201562060011 4020 downloads

Efeitos da rotação de cultura, de cultivares e da aplicação de fungicida sobre o rendimento de grãos e doenças foliares em soja
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Hoffmann, Laércio L.

; Reis, Erlei M.

; Forcelini, Carlos A.

; Panisson, Edivan

; Mendes, Cristiano S.

; Casa, Ricardo T.

Fitopatologia Brasileira

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jun 2004, Volume 29 N. 3 Pages 245 - 251

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A rotação de culturas é um método eficiente e de baixo custo para o controle de doenças de final de ciclo (DFC) da soja (Glycine max). Em experimentos de campo, nas safras 1998/99 e 2000/01, avaliaram-se os efeitos da rotação de culturas de verão, com os sistemas soja e milho (Zea mays), de diferentes ciclos e cultivares de soja e da aplicação de fungicidas, sobre a ocorrência e intensidade das DFC. Na safra 98/99, detectou-se diferença significativa no rendimento de grãos na comparação da média dos dois sistemas (soja/soja e soja/milho), devido, principalmente, ao controle da podridão-parda da haste, que causou danos em monocultura. Não houve diferença significativa para o uso de fungicida na parte aérea na safra 98/99 para o rendimento. Na safra 00/01 não houve efeito significativo da rotação para intensidade de oídio e DFC. A aplicação de fungicidas proporcionou menor severidade do oídio e das DFC, diferindo significativamente da testemunha em todos as cultivares. Em relação à severidade do oídio e das DFC houve diferenças significativas para a aplicação de fungicida. A maior resposta em rendimento de grãos foi obtida nas cultivares suscetíveis ao oídio. Os maiores rendimentos de grãos foram detectados quando a soja foi cultivada em rotação com o milho e com a aplicação de fungicidas, principalmente nas cultivares suscetíveis ao oídio, e na safra 00/01 devido a maior precipitação pluvial onde houve maior severidade de DFC.

Crop rotation is an efficient and low costing practice to control late season diseases (DFC) in soybeans (Glycine max). In order to evaluate the effects of crop rotation and fungicidal application on the control of DFC, two field experiments were performed in the 1998/99 and 2000/01 cropping seasons. In 98/99, soybean plants grown in rotation with corn (Zea mays) yielded significantly more than plants under monoculture, and this difference in yield was mainly due to the rotation effects on the control of the stem rot caused by Phyalophora gregata. In the 00/01 season, no significant differences were observed between the two cropping systems. The yield increase associated with the application of fungicides was higher after crop rotation than under monoculture. The chemical control reduced the severity of both powdery mildew and late season diseases, but only cultivars that were susceptible to the first disease yielded more than the non-sprayed controls. The yield increase due to fungicidal treatments was usually higher in soybean cultivars that were susceptible to powdery mildew.

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Modificação de uma barra de pulverização para a aplicação de fungicida em trigo visando ao controle de giberela
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Panisson, Edivan

; Boller, Walter

; Reis, Erlei M.

; Hoffmann, Laércio L.

Engenharia Agrícola

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apr 2004, Volume 24 N. 1 Pages 101 - 110

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Devido ao aumento da intensidade e da freqüência de ocorrência da giberela, doença causada pelo fungo Gibberella zeae (anamorfo Fusarium graminearum), essa vem sendo apontada como uma das moléstias de maior importância na cultura do trigo no Sul do Brasil. A giberela é uma doença de infecção floral e mesmo os fungicidas sistêmicos recomendados apresentam apenas efeito protetor das anteras. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a eficiência de controle e os efeitos nos grãos colhidos, de diferentes pontas de pulverização (jato plano, jato plano duplo e jato cônico vazio), diferentes arranjos dos bicos na barra de aplicação e dois volumes de calda. Em dois experimentos realizados no ano de 1999, a aplicação dos tratamentos reduziu significativamente a incidência, o número de espiguetas gibereladas e a severidade da doença, aumentando o rendimento de grãos. As pontas de pulverização, seus arranjos na barra e os volumes de calda utilizados comportaram-se de maneira semelhante em todas as variáveis avaliadas. O incremento do rendimento de grãos obtido nas parcelas tratadas em relação à testemunha sugere que se deve recomendar a aplicação de fungicidas para o controle da giberela, utilizando pontas que gerem gotas finas a médias com volume de calda de 200 L ha-¹.

The increased frequency and yield losses in wheat, associated with head blight in Winter cereal crops in Southern Brazil, caused by the fungus Gibberella zeae, have turned this disease into a major problem. Gibberella zeae enters the host plants through the anthers. To avoid infection, the fungicides need to protect the anthers from the fungus, which requires improved spray techniques. The role of different spray nozzles (flat fan, twin flat fan, and hollow cone), different nozzles arrangements, and two spray volumes on head blight control and grain yield were evaluated. In two experiments conducted in the field, at the year 1999, the fungicidal applications reduced significantly the disease incidence, the number of infected spikelets, and disease severity. The grain yield increased as well. The spray nozzles, nozzle arrangements, and spray volumes did not influence disease control and grain yield. The differences in grain yield between treated and non-treated plots made chemical control worthy, despite its low efficacy. Fungicidal sprays to control head blight should use nozzles that deliver medium to fine droplets, at a volume of 200 L ha-¹.

1932 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

Técnicas de aplicação de fungicida em trigo para o controle de Giberela (Gibberella zeae)
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Panisson, Edivan

; Boller, Walter

; Reis, Erlei Melo

; Hoffmann, Laércio

Ciência Rural

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feb 2003, Volume 33 N. 1 Pages 13 - 20

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Durante muitos anos, a giberela, causada pelo fungo Gibberella zeae (anamorfo Fusarium graminearum), foi considerada de importância secundária no sul do Brasil. O aumento da intensidade e da freqüência de ocorrência, tornou a giberela uma das doenças de maior importância na cultura do trigo. A giberela é uma doença de infecção floral e mesmo os fungicidas sistêmicos recomendados apresentam apenas efeito protetor das anteras. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a eficiência de controle e os efeitos nos grãos colhidos, de dois tipos de pontas de pulverização (leque e duplo leque), diferentes arranjos dos bicos na barra de aplicação e dois volumes de calda. A desuniformidade da antese aparece como um dos principais fatores envolvidos com a baixa eficiência dos fungicidas. Nos experimentos, realizados no ano 2000, a aplicação dos tratamentos reduziu significativamente a incidência, o número de espiguetas gibereladas e a severidade da doença, aumentando o rendimento de grãos. As pontas de pulverização, seus arranjos na barra e os volumes de calda utilizados comportaram-se de maneira semelhante em todas as variáveis avaliadas. O incremento no rendimento de grãos, obtido em relação à testemunha, sugere que se deve recomendar a aplicação de fungicidas para o controle da giberela, utilizando pontas que geram gotas finas a médias com volume de calda de 200 L.ha-1.

For many years, the head blight of winter cereal crops, caused by the fungus Gibberella zeae, was considered a disease of secondary importance. However, the increased frequency and yield losses associated with head blight in Southern Brazil have turned this disease into a major problem. Gibberella zeae enters the host plants through the anthers. To avoid infection, the fungicides need to protect the anthers from the fungus, which requires improved spray techniques. The role of two types of spray nozzles (single jet and twin jet), different nozzle arrangements, and two spray volumes on head blight control and grain yield were evaluated. The experiments conducted at the field, during the year 2000, showed that the fungicidal applications reduced disease incidence, the number of infected spikelets, and disease severity significantly. The grain yield was increased as well. The spray nozzles, nozzle arrangements, and spray volumes did not influence disease control and grain yield. The differences in grain yield between treated and non-treated plots made chemical control worthy, despite its low efficacy. Fungicidal sprays to control head blight should use nozzles that deliver medium to fine droplets, at a volume of 200 L.ha-1.

4980 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

Modelo de ponto crítico para estimar os danos causados pelo oídio em cevada
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REIS, ERLEI M.

; HOFFMANN, LAÉRCIO L.

; BLUM, MARTA M. C.

Fitopatologia Brasileira

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nov 2002, Volume 27 N. 6 Pages 644 - 646

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Em experimento conduzido no campo com a cultivar cevada (Hordeum vulgare) BR 2 gerou-se o gradiente do oídio pelo uso de fungicidas em tratamento de sementes de modo a se obter um gradiente da incidência da doença e do rendimento de grãos. Com esses dados, através de análise de regressão, obteve-se um modelo que permite estimar o rendimento de grãos da cevada, em função da intensidade do oídio, em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura. O melhor modelo foi representado pela equação Y = 2.978,3 - 7,75 X (R² de 0,83) para o estádio de afilhamento. A redução máxima no rendimento de grãos foi de 28,03%.

In an experiment carried out in the field with the barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar BR 2 the gradient of powdery mildew incidence and grain yield were generated by the use of fungicide in seed treatment. Data was submitted to regression analysis. A critical point model was obtained that may be used to estimate barley grain yield, in relation to powdery mildew incidence, at different host growing stages. The best model was represented by the equation Y = 2,978.3 - 7.75 X (R² = 0.83) at tillering. The maximum grain yield reduction was 28.03%. This equation may be also be used to calculate the economic damage threshold for powdery mildew in barley cultivars with susceptibility similar to BR 2.

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Sensibilidade de Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici a alguns fungicidas
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CASA, RICARDO T.

; HOFFMANN, LAÉRCIO L.

; PANISSON, EDIVAN

; MENDES, CRISTIANO C.

; REIS, ERLEI M.

Fitopatologia Brasileira

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nov 2002, Volume 27 N. 6 Pages 626 - 630

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Em experimentos conduzidos no campo, na safra 2000, avaliou-se a sensibilidade do oídio do trigo nas cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum) BR 23 e OR 1 a alguns fungicidas. As avaliações da intensidade da doença foram feitas com base na incidência, severidade e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença, realizadas aos sete, 14 e 21 dias após a pulverização dos fungicidas. O fungo agente causal do oídio, Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, mostrou-se sensível aos fungicidas sistêmicos em ambas as cultivares. A maior sensibilidade foi ao fungicida triadimenol, considerando-se os valores absolutos na porcentagem de controle da doença. O enxofre, pelo curto período de proteção, não tem potencial de uso em trigo. Os danos no rendimento de grãos foram de 32% e 79% respectivamente para 'BR 23' e 'OR 1'. O controle do oídio, mesmo em cultivares altamente suscetíveis, como 'OR 1', pode ser eficientemente realizado com fungicidas sistêmicos recomendados pela pesquisa, não sendo detectada insensibilidade do fungo aos mesmos. No entanto, deve-se evitar o uso de sub-dose e controlar a doença com a incidência recomendada pela pesquisa com base no limiar de dano econômico.

Sensitivity of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici to some fungicides in wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars BR 23 and OR 1 was evaluated in field experiments in the 2000 growing season. Disease intensity, based on incidence, severity and area under the disease progress curve, was assessed in seven, 14, and 21 days after fungicide was sprayed. The powdery mildew fungus showed sensitivity to systemic fungicides on both cultivars. The highest sensitivity of the fungus, based on the percent of disease control was to the fungicide triadimenol. Due to its short protection period sulfur showed no control potential for use in wheat. The yield reduction due to disease was 32% and 79% for cultivars BR 23 and OR 1, respectively. The disease control, even for susceptible cultivars such as 'OR 1', may be efficiently achieved using the recommended systemic fungicides. Insensitivity of the pathogen to the tested fungicides was not detected in the present experiments. Nevertheless, the use of low rates of fungicides to control disease should be avoided and the time of application should be at the economic damage threshold.

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