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Abstract Background Early mobilization after surgery is a cornerstone of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs in total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our goal was to determine the time to mobilization after this surgery and the factors associated with early mobilization. Methods This was a predefined substudy of the POWER.2 study, a prospective cohort study conducted in patients undergoing THA and TKA at 131 Spanish hospitals. The primary outcome was the time until mobilization after surgery as well as determining those perioperative factors associated with early mobilization after surgery. Results A total of 6093 patients were included. The median time to achieve mobilization after the end of the surgery was 24 hours [16-30]. 4,222 (69.3%) patients moved in ≤ 24 hours after surgery. Local anesthesia [OR = 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.90); p= 0.001], surgery performed in a self-declared ERAS center [OR = 0.57 (95% CI: 0.55-0.60); p< 0.001], mean adherence to ERAS items [OR = 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92-0.93); p< 0.001], and preoperative hemoglobin [OR = 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98); p< 0.001] were associated with shorter time to mobilization. Conclusions Most THA and TKA patients mobilize in the first postoperative day, early time to mobilization was associated with the compliance with ERAS protocols, preoperative hemoglobin, and local anesthesia, and with the absence of a urinary catheter, surgical drains, epidural analgesia, and postoperative complications. The perioperative elements that are associated with early mobilization are mostly modifiable, so there is room for improvement.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjane.2021.05.008

A preliminary approach to embryonic development of Austrolebias wolterstorffi, an endangered neotropical annual fish species
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Weber, V.

; Godoy, R. S.

; Hoffmann, P. H. O.

; Lanés, L. E. K.

; Volcan, M.

; Maltchik, L.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e271218

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Annual fish live exclusively in temporary wetlands and are among the shortest-lived vertebrates in the world. These fish persist in these habitats due to drought-resistant eggs, that which, through diapauses are able to detect stimuli from the environment to start the development processes. They are also able to direct their embryonic development in different trajectories with different development times. Our objective in this paper was to describe the different stages of embryonic development of Austrolebias wolterstorffi, a critically endangered annual fish. A total of 27 stages of embryonic development were identified for the two observed developmental pathways (direct and diapause 2). Of these 27 developmental stages observed, 24 were identical between the two types of trajectories and three different. A total of 90% of the embryos that completed their development proceeded normally, without pauses. One embryo had a different development from the others, entering diapause 2, with a pause in development for 48 h. Although the embryonic development of A. wolterstorffi is similar to that of other Neotropical annual fish species, the diapause 2 occurs when the embryo has a large body size and a well-developed brain, indicating that the lack of embryonic information of the genus Austrolebias may hide characteristics still undescribed or even different survival strategies than what has been observed for other annual fish.

Resumo Os peixes anuais vivem exclusivamente em áreas úmidas temporárias e estão entre os vertebrados de vida mais curta do mundo. Esses peixes persistem nesses habitats devido a ovos resistentes à seca, que, por meio de diapausas, são capazes de detectar estímulos do ambiente para iniciar os processos de desenvolvimento embrionário. Eles também são capazes de direcionar seu desenvolvimento embrionário em diferentes trajetórias com diferentes tempos de desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os diferentes estágios do desenvolvimento embrionário de Austrolebias wolterstorffi, um peixe anual criticamente ameaçado. Um total de 27 estágios de desenvolvimento embrionário foram identificados para as duas trajetórias de desenvolvimento observadas (direto e diapausa 2). Desses 27 estágios de desenvolvimento observados, 24 eram idênticos entre os dois tipos de trajetórias e três diferentes. Um total de 90% dos embriões que completaram seu desenvolvimento seguiu normalmente, sem pausas. Um embrião teve um desenvolvimento diferente dos demais, entrando na diapausa 2, com pausa no desenvolvimento de 48h. Embora o desenvolvimento embrionário de A. wolterstorffi seja semelhante ao de outras espécies de peixes anuais neotropicais, a diapausa 2 ocorre quando o embrião tem um corpo grande e um cérebro bem desenvolvido, indicando que a falta de informação embrionária do gênero Austrolebias pode escondem características ainda não descritas ou mesmo estratégias de sobrevivência diferentes das observadas para outros peixes anuais.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271218

Hidden in the dung: first record of Maculantrops hirtipes () (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) from Brazil
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Hoffmann, Pedro H. O.

; Soares, Matheus M. M.

; Kits, Joel

; Maltchik, Leonardo

Biota Neotropica

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2023, Volume 23 N. 3 elocation e20231492

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract We recorded for the first time the lesser dung fly Maculantrops hirtipes (Macquart, 1844) from Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul. Twenty-five specimens were reared from the dung of Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782), this is the first record of the feeding substrate for the genus Maculantrops and the second only for the Archiborborinae. In addition, we describe the puparium, provide an updated distribution map and additional photographs of the species.

Resumo Registramos pela primeira vez a mosca-do-esterco Maculantrops hirtipes (Macquart, 1844) no Brasil, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Vinte e cinco espécimes foram obtidos em amostras fecais de Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782). Este é o primeiro registro do substrato alimentar para o gênero Maculantrops e o segundo apenas para subfamília Archiborborinae. Além disso, descrevemos o pupário, fornecemos um mapa de distribuição atualizado e fotografias adicionais da espécie.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2023-1492

A declaração PRISMA 2020: diretriz atualizada para relatar revisões sistemáticas
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Page, Matthew J.

; McKenzie, Joanne E.

; Bossuyt, Patrick M.

; Boutron, Isabelle

; Hoffmann, Tammy C.

; Mulrow, Cynthia D.

; Shamseer, Larissa

; Tetzlaff, Jennifer M.

; Akl, Elie A.

; Brennan, Sue E.

; Chou, Roger

; Glanville, Julie

; Grimshaw, Jeremy M.

; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn

; Lalu, Manoj M.

; Li, Tianjing

; Loder, Elizabeth W.

; Mayo-Wilson, Evan

; McDonald, Steve

; McGuinness, Luke A.

; Stewart, Lesley A.

; Thomas, James

; Tricco, Andrea C.

; Welch, Vivian A.

; Whiting, Penny

; Moher, David

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2022, Volume 46 elocation e112

Abstract: En Pt Es | Text: En Pt Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.

RESUMO A declaração dos Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-análises (PRISMA), publicada em 2009, foi desenvolvida para ajudar revisores sistemáticos a relatar de forma transparente por que a revisão foi feita, os métodos empregados e o que os autores encontraram. Na última década, os avanços na metodologia e terminologia de revisões sistemáticas exigiram a atualização da diretriz. A declaração PRISMA 2020 substitui a declaração de 2009 e inclui novas orientações para relato que refletem os avanços nos métodos para identificar, selecionar, avaliar e sintetizar estudos. A estrutura e apresentação dos itens foram modificadas para facilitar a implementação. Neste artigo, apresentamos a lista de checagem PRISMA 2020 de 27 itens, uma lista de checagem expandida que detalha as recomendações para relato para cada item, a lista de checagem PRISMA 2020 para resumos e os fluxogramas revisados para novas revisões e para atualização de revisões.

RESUMEN La declaración PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses), publicada en 2009, se diseñó para ayudar a los autores de revisiones sistemáticas a documentar de manera transparente el porqué de la revisión, qué hicieron los autores y qué encontraron. Durante la última década, ha habido muchos avances en la metodología y terminología de las revisiones sistemáticas, lo que ha requerido una actualización de esta guía. La declaración PRISMA 2020 sustituye a la declaración de 2009 e incluye una nueva guía de presentación de las publicaciones que refleja los avances en los métodos para identificar, seleccionar, evaluar y sintetizar estudios. La estructura y la presentación de los ítems ha sido modificada para facilitar su implementación. En este artículo, presentamos la lista de verificación PRISMA 2020 con 27 ítems, y una lista de verificación ampliada que detalla las recomendaciones en la publicación de cada ítem, la lista de verificación del resumen estructurado PRISMA 2020 y el diagrama de flujo revisado para revisiones sistemáticas.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2022.112

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL IN AN SBR USING CO-PRECIPITATION WITH FERRIC CHLORIDE, AND ITS EFFECTS ON MICROBIAL ACTIVITY
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Costa, Rejane H. R.

; Villafranca, Blanca M.

; Voltolini, Caio A.

; Guimarães, Lorena B.

; Hoffmann, Heike

; Velho, Viviane F.

; Mohedano, Rodrigo A.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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jun 2019, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 785 - 795

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present study evaluated the phosphorus removal in a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR - 2,500L) used to treat the wastewater from an office building in two steps: phase I-Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and phase II-co-precipitation using FeCl3 as precipitant. The raw sewage presented a high organic load variation ranging from 0.11 (phase I) to 0.66 (phase II) kgCOD.m-3.d-1. A better phosphorus removal performance was obtained during co-precipitation (from 19.0 to 1.2 mg.L-1 = 93% of efficiency) compared with biological removal (from 15.6 to 9.0 mgL-1 = 42% of efficiency). FISH analyses did not demonstrate a strong PAO inhibition; however, nitrifying and denitrifying organisms (NSO and PAE) showed a significant activity reduction during phase II. Therefore, the bench tests made to obtain the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) revealed a heterotrophic organisms activity significantly lower in phase II (46.8 mgDQOT.L-1) than phase I (211.8 mgDQOT.L-1), indicating metabolic inhibition. The co-precipitation processes enhanced phosphorus removal, bringing the SBR effluent into accord with state law requirements; however, the inhibitory effect of ferric chloride on microorganism activity was highlighted.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20190362s20180378 2355 downloads

Weathering Resistance of Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings Reinforced with Silica from Rice Husk Ash
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MONTEIRO, WESLEY F.

; MIRANDA, GABRIELA M.

; SOARES, RAFAEL R.

; SANTOS, CLÁUDIA A.B. DOS

; HOFFMANN, MAURÍCIO S.

; CARONE, CARLOS L.P.

; LIMA, VIVIANE DE

; SOUZA, MILTON F. DE

; CAMPANI, ADRIANO D.

; EINLOFT, SANDRA M.O.

; LIMA, JEANE E. DE

; LIGABUE, ROSANE A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2019, Volume 91 N. 4 elocation e20181190

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) are interesting materials for coatings when compared to solvent-based polyurethanes, once that reducing the concentration of volatile organic compounds that are harmful for human health and the environment. However, the WPU has low weathering resistance. In order to improve this behavior among others properties, inorganic fillers has been added in these systems. SiO2 particles from various sources, mainly, from agro-industrial waste, as rice husk has attracted the scientific and technological interest. In this study, the accelerated weathering essay was performed in waterborne polyurethane (WPU)/ silica (from rice husk ash) composites in order to evaluate the thermal and physical changes in these materials. These composites were prepared by two distinct methods: in situ polymerization and blending method. The highest resistance to thermal degradation and to accelerated weathering was reached with WPU/silica composites obtained by blending method due the interactions between SiO2 particles and the polymer matrices. Blending method for preparation WPU/silica composites proved to be a simpler and faster method, with no drawback for large scale application.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920181190 1342 downloads

Applying the water-energy-food nexus to farm profitability in the Middle Breede Catchment, South Africa
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Seeliger, Leanne

; de Clercq, Willem P.

; Hoffmann, Willem

; Cullis, James D.S.

; Horn, Annabel M.

; de Witt, Marlene

South African Journal of Science

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dec 2018, Volume 114 N. 11-12 Pages 1 - 10

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The water-energy-food nexus has emerged as a useful concept to understand the multiple interdependencies that exist between the water, energy and food sectors. The nexus is an ambitious attempt to work across disciplines and scales to understand the workings of these complex systems. It is, however, criticised for being more of a general framework than a practical methodology because of the vast amount of data it would need to make real-life contributions to sustainable development. We show how the nexus approach, when used within a farm budget model, can transform the problem focus in water governance. By changing the relationship among water, energy and food production of a farm, profitability is significantly changed. The water-energy-food nexus debate is discussed within the context of the South African water sector, particularly the Breede River Catchment. Working from within the farm budget model, we demonstrate the impact of moving from an irrigation canal system that requires electricity for pumping, to a gravity-fed piped irrigation system in the Middle Breede River. The finding is that the water-energy-food nexus has the potential to unlock groundbreaking solutions to complex problems in agricultural water management when used in appropriate modelling systems. Significance: •The water-energy-food nexus approach can lead to an entirely new framing of water governance problems and therefore solutions to these problems. •The water-energy-food nexus when used in farm budget models can identify ways of altering farm profitability. •By addressing the energy cost of farming through an irrigation pipeline system in parts of the Breede Catchment Area, farm profitability could significantly increase. •A gravity-fed closed pipeline system in parts of the Breede River can improve water availability and reduce farm and management costs.

https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2018/5062 633 downloads

Correlations between caregiver psychiatric symptoms and offspring psychopathology in a low-resource setting
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Matsuzaka, Camila T.

; Wainberg, Milton L.

; Norcini Pala, Andrea

; Hoffmann, Elis V.

; Coimbra, Bruno M.

; Braga, Rosaly F.

; Duarte, Cristiane S.

; Sweetland, Annika C.

; Mello, Marcelo F.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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jan 2018, Volume 40 N. 1 Pages 56 - 62

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: Associations between parental/caregiver depression and adverse child outcomes are well established and have been described through one or more mechanisms: child psychopathology following exposure to a depressed caregiver, child psychopathology exacerbating a caregiver’s depression, and caregiver and offspring depression sharing the same etiology. Data from low and middle-income countries is scarce. We examined correlations between common symptoms of mental disorders in caregivers and their offspring’s psychopathology in a Brazilian sample. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adult caregivers were screened for depression during routine home visits by community health workers as part of the Brazilian Family Health Strategy. Caregivers with suspected depression were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Children’s symptoms were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: The sample included 68 primary caregivers and 110 children aged 6 to 15 years. Higher caregiver scores on the SRQ-20 correlated significantly with psychiatric symptoms in offspring. Conclusion: These results substantiate our hypothesis that child psychopathology correlates with caregivers’ psychiatric symptoms. This paper adds to the growing literature on community mental health assessment and can help guide future strategies for reducing the burden of common mental disorders in caregivers and children alike in low and middle-income countries.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1990 1035 downloads

Specific and social fears in children and adolescents: separating normative fears from problem indicators and phobias
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Laporte, Paola P.

; Pan, Pedro M.

; Hoffmann, Mauricio S.

; Wakschlag, Lauren S.

; Rohde, Luis A.

; Miguel, Euripedes C.

; Pine, Daniel S.

; Manfro, Gisele G.

; Salum, Giovanni A.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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jun 2017, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 118 - 125

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: To distinguish normative fears from problematic fears and phobias. Methods: We investigated 2,512 children and adolescents from a large community school-based study, the High Risk Study for Psychiatric Disorders. Parent reports of 18 fears and psychiatric diagnosis were investigated. We used two analytical approaches: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)/item response theory (IRT) and nonparametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: According to IRT and ROC analyses, social fears are more likely to indicate problems and phobias than specific fears. Most specific fears were normative when mild; all specific fears indicate problems when pervasive. In addition, the situational fear of toilets and people who look unusual were highly indicative of specific phobia. Among social fears, those not restricted to performance and fear of writing in front of others indicate problems when mild. All social fears indicate problems and are highly indicative of social phobia when pervasive. Conclusion: These preliminary findings provide guidance for clinicians and researchers to determine the boundaries that separate normative fears from problem indicators in children and adolescents, and indicate a differential severity threshold for specific and social fears.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2064 2770 downloads

10.

Ação genotóxica e antiproliferativa de Polygonum punctatum Elliott (Polygonaceae) sobre o ciclo celular de Allium cepa L.
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PASTORI, T.

; KUHN, A.W.

; TEDESCO, M.

; HOFFMANN, C.E.

; NEVES, L.A.S.

; CANTO-DOROW, T.S.

; TEDESCO, S.B.

Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais

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jun 2015, Volume 17 N. 2 Pages 186 - 194

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO:A espécie Polygonum punctatum Elliott (Polygonaceae) é amplamente utilizada pela população como planta medicinal. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de avaliar o potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de P. punctatum utilizando raízes de bulbos e radículas em sementes germinadas de Allium cepa através do teste in vivo, e realizar comparações da extração do material vegetal por calor (infusões) e extração a frio (extrato). Para isso, foram preparadas dois tipos de soluções, infusões e extratos foliares de P. punctatum, em duas concentrações 0,4 g mL-1 e 2,4 g mL-1. A infusão foi preparada pela adição das folhas secas em água destilada fervente (100ºC), permanecendo por 10 minutos enquanto o extrato foi preparado através da maceração das folhas secas em água destilada fria. Para o teste em A. cepa foram utilizados, para cada tratamento, seis grupos de quatro bulbos e seis caixas gerbox com 50 sementes em cada caixa. Duas lâminas para cada tratamento foram obtidas através da técnica de esmagamento das raízes e coradas com orceína acética 2%. Foram contadas 2000 células por grupo de bulbos e 3000 células por grupo de sementes, observando-se a ocorrência de interrupções em metáfases, alterações cromossômicas estruturais, bem como a inibição ou aumento da divisão celular. Os valores do índice mitótico foram calculados e analisados estatisticamente pelo Teste χ2(p≤0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que as infusões e os extratos de folhas apresentaram redução nos valores de índices mitóticos nas concentrações utilizadas em relação ao controle em água destilada. Foram identificadas alterações cromossômicas na divisão celular, tais como pontes anafásicas, em todas as concentrações de infusões e extratos indicando assim que P. punctatum possui atividade antiproliferativa e genotóxica.

ABSTRACT:The species Polygonum punctatum Elliott (Polygonaceae) is widely used by the Brazilian population as a medicinal plant. The aims of this study are to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of P. punctatum, using its root bulbs and rootlets in germinated seeds of Allium cepa by in vivo testing, and to compare the extraction of plant material by heat (infusions) and cold (extract). Thus, two types of solutions - infusions and leaf extracts - of P. punctatum were prepared at the two concentrations of 0.4 g ml-1 and 2.4 g mL- 1. The infusion was prepared by addition of dry leaves in boiling distilled water (100ºC), remaining for 10 minutes, while the extract was prepared by maceration of dried leaves in cold distilled water. For the A. cepa, we used for each treatment six groups of six bulbs and six seedling boxes with 50 seeds each. Two slides for each treatment were obtained by the technique of crushing the roots, and they were stained with 2 % acetic orcein. For the analysis, 2000 cells per group of bulbs and 3000 cells per group of seeds were counted, and we noted the occurrence of interruptions in the metaphase, chromosomal aberrations, as well as inhibited or increased cell division. The values of the mitotic index were calculated and statistically analyzed by the χ2 test (p ≤ 0.05). The results showed that the infusions and extracts of leaves showed reduced values of mitotic indices in the concentrations used compared to the control in distilled water. Chromosomal alterations were identified in the cell division, in all concentrations of infusions and extracts, thus indicating that P. punctatum has an antiproliferative and genotoxic activity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/13_023 4170 downloads

11.

Influência da saturação por bases na qualidade e crescimento de mudas de cedro-australiano (Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis)
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Braga, Marilena de Melo

; Furtini Neto, Antonio Eduardo

; Oliveira, Anna Hoffmann

Ciência Florestal

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mar 2015, Volume 25 N. 1 Pages 49 - 58

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O cedro-australiano (Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis) é uma espécie promissora para plantios comerciais em função da qualidade e ampla utilização da sua madeira e de seu alto retorno financeiro em um pequeno espaço de tempo. No entanto, são escassas as informações sobre o comportamento desta espécie em relação à acidez do solo. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de saturação por bases sobre o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de cedro-australiano. A saturação por bases do substrato foi elevada para 21,3; 33,2; 47,9; 60,4 e 70,0%, através da adição de diferentes doses de calcário com teor de 12% MgO e 50% CaO (PRNT 95%) em vasos com capacidade para 3,5 dm3 que continham Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico. Aos 120 dias após o transplantio foram obtidos: altura, diâmetro do coleto, matéria seca das raízes, parte aérea e total. Determinou-se, também, as relações altura/diâmetro do coleto, altura/matéria seca da parte aérea, matéria seca da parte aérea/matéria seca de raiz e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. As mudas de cedro-australiano respondem positivamente à elevação da saturação por bases. As respostas positivas das variáveis morfológicas analisadas apontam para a necessidade de se fazer a correção da acidez do solo elevando o nível de saturação por bases para 50%, no intuito de maximizar a produtividade da cultura.

The Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem var. australis) is a promising species for commercial plantations based on the quality and wide use of its wood and high financial returns in short time. However, there is little information about the behavior of this species in relation to soil acidity. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different base saturation levels on growth and quality of Australian cedar seedlings. The substrate saturation was raised to 21.3; 33.2; 47.9; 60.4 and 70.0%, by adding different doses of limestone content of 12% MgO and 50% CaO in vessels with capacity of 3.5 dm3 of a typical dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol). At 120 days after transplanting were obtained height, stem diameter, root dry matter, aerial parts and total. It was also determined the relationship height/stem diameter, height/aerial parts dry matter, aerial parts dry matter/root dry matter and Dickson's quality index. Australian cedar seedlings respond positively to the base saturation increase. The positive responses of morphological variables pointed to need to do the acidity correction increasing the level of saturation to 50 %, in order to maximize the crop yield.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-509820152505049 1112 downloads

12.

Ontogenetic development of Heterocharax macrolepisEigenmann (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) with comments on the form of the yolk sac in the Heterocharacinae
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Mattox, George M. T.

; Hoffmann, Martin

; Hoffmann, Peter

Neotropical Ichthyology

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jun 2014, Volume 12 N. 2 Pages 353 - 363

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Peixes em estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento frequentemente apresentam características morfológicas distintas dos adultos e muitos caracteres presentes em estágios avançados não são disponíveis em estágios iniciais. Assim, descrições morfológicas dos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento de peixes são úteis por fornecerem subsídios para a identificação de ovos e larvas, um conhecimento ainda escasso entre peixes Neotropicais. Estudamos o desenvolvimento de Heterocharax macrolepis, espécie de Heterocharacinae cujos exemplares adultos provenientes do aquarismo foram mantidos e reproduzidos entre 23-24ºC. Uma série de desenvolvimento de 51 exemplares foi preservada, medindo entre 3,2 mm de comprimento da notocorda e 18,6 mm de comprimento padrão, incluindo os primeiros 73 dias pós-eclosão. Descreveram-se detalhadamente os principais aspectos morfológicos, enfatizando características úteis na identificação de larvas de H. macrolepis(i.e., surgimento do espinho do pré-opérculo, desenvolvimento do pseudotímpano). Comparamos H. macrolepis com fotografias de larvas vivas de Gnathocharax steindachneri, recentemente incluída em Heterocharacinae. Ambas espécies possuem saco vitelínico com pequena projeção arredondada póstero-ventral. Ainda que a informação não esteja disponível para os táxons pertinentes, o distinto formato do saco vitelínico em outras linhagens de Characiformes pode indicar que esta forma do saco vitelínico peculiar represente sinapomorfia adicional de Heterocharacini.

Fishes in early developmental stages frequently have morphological features that differ from those of adult stages, and many characters found later in ontogeny are not available in initial stages. Hence, morphological descriptions of early stages are useful to provide information for the identification of eggs and larvae, a knowledge still restricted among Neotropical fishes. We studied the development of Heterocharax macrolepis, a heterocharacine whose adult specimens from the aquarium trade were kept and spawned at around 23-24ºC. A developmental series of 51 specimens was preserved, ranging from 3.2 mm notochord length to 18.6 mm standard length, covering approximately the first 73 days post-hatching. We described the development of main morphological features emphasizing those useful in the identification of H. macrolepislarvae (i.e., appearance of preopercle spine and development of the pseudotympanum). We also compared H. macrolepis with photographs taken of live larval specimens of Gnathocharax steindachneri, recently included in the Heterocharacinae. Both species have a yolk sac with a small rounded projection directed posteroventrally. Although this information is not yet available for all pertinent taxa, the different yolk sac shape in other representatives of the Characiformes may indicate that this peculiar yolk sac represents an additional synapomorphy of the Heterocharacini.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130107 3182 downloads

13.

Acetone extract from Streptoverticillium sp., a bacterium isolated from Brazilian Cerrado soil, induces anti-inflammatory activity in mice
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CRUZ, RODRIGO B. DA

; GALDINO, PABLINNY M.

; PENNA, KARLLA G.B.D.

; HOFFMANN, KAREN

; COSTA, ELSON A.

; BATAUS, LUIZ A.M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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jun 2013, Volume 85 N. 2 Pages 595 - 603

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O Streptoverticillium sp. Z1 é um actinomiceto isolado do solo sob vegetação de Cerrado, o extrato desta cepa foi avaliado em modelos de nocicepção e inflamação. O extrato de Streptoverticillium (ExS) 50 e 100 mg/kg (s.c.) produziu uma inibição significativa das contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético, demonstrando um efeito anti-nociceptivo. No teste de flexão de cauda o ExS (s.c.) foi inativo, demonstrando que ExS não contem compostos do tipo opióides com propriedade analgésica central. Nos modelos inflamatórios, ExS 100 e 200 mg/kg (s.c.) foram capazes de inibir o edema induzido por óleo de cróton e, ExS 200 e 500 mg/kg (s.c.) inibiram a migração leucocitária na peritonite induzida por carragenina. O ensaio enzimático da atividade da fosfolipase A2 mostrou que a atividade antiinflamatória de ExS não é devido a inibição direta da atividades desta enzima. Estes resultados sugerem que Streptoverticillium sp. produz metabólitos com efeito antiinflamatório e que estes metabólitos são incapazes de inibir diretamente a enzima fosfolipase A2.

The Streptoverticillium sp. Z1 is an actinomycete isolated from the soil under Cerrado vegetation, the extract of this strain was investigated in nociceptive and inflammatory models. The Streptoverticillium extract (ExS) 50 and 100 mg/kg (s.c.) produced a significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced abdominal writhings thereby demonstrating an anti-nociceptive effect. In the tail flick test the ExS (s.c.) was inactive. This result implited that ExS does not contain opioid-like compounds with central analgesic properties. In the inflammatory models, ExS 100 and 200 mg/kg (s.c.) were able to inhibit the croton oil-induced ear edema and, ExS 200 and 500 mg/kg (s.c.) inhibited the leukocyte migration on the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. The phospholipase A2 enzymatic assay showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of ExS was not due to direct effect on phospholipase A2 activity. These data suggest that Streptoverticillium sp. produces metabolites with anti-inflammatory effect and that these metabolites are unable to directly inhibit phospholipase A2 enzyme.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652013000200009 2231 downloads

14.

Estudo de fundente e argilito com potencial para uso em formulações de porcelanato
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Hoffmann, F. S.

; Santos, G. dos

; Morelli, M. R.

Cerâmica

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jun 2012, Volume 58 N. 346 Pages 174 - 185

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O porcelanato se destaca no mercado atual de revestimentos cerâmicos por apresentar excelentes características técnicas e estéticas. No presente trabalho foram selecionadas matérias-primas cerâmicas tradicionais e adotada uma formulação padrão, convencionalmente reportada na literatura, visando a substituição do componente fundente (feldspato) por uma matéria-prima formadora de fase líquida em alta temperatura, e a substituição da fração argilosa por um argilito de menor refratariedade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a utilização destas matérias-primas como alternativas técnicas e de menor custo, uma vez que, em uma massa de porcelanato, a quantidade de fundente é muito grande (representa aproximadamente 50% do total das matérias-primas utilizadas). A nefelina sienito foi à matéria-prima natural substituta ao feldspato escolhida por pertencer à família dos feldspatóides e por possuir características físico-químicas semelhantes, sobretudo, elevada fundência. Para a substituição da fração argilosa foi escolhido um argilito de ocorrência natural, abundante na região de Santa Gertrudes, SP. As substituições ao feldspato e à fração argilosa ocorreram de maneira total e/ou parcial, por meio de combinações entre os fundentes e argilitos. As massas foram processadas a partir da mistura de pós, moagem a úmido, secagem, desaglomeração, compactação e queima. Além das curvas de gresificação, técnicas como dilatometria, medidas de porosidade aparente, ensaio de resistência mecânica à flexão a três pontos, microscopia eletrônica e difração de raios X foram utilizadas para a caracterização dos materiais após queima em diversas temperaturas. Os principais resultados mostraram que, a princípio, é possível a combinação das matérias-primas nefelina e argilito como material alternativo ao feldspato potássico e à argila S. Simão, pois elas proporcionam a gresificação em temperaturas mais baixas. Composições com ambas as matérias-primas apresentaram baixos valores de absorção de água (<0,1%) e elevada resistência mecânica (> 45 MPa), apesar de maior deformação piroplástica a 1150 ºC.

The porcelain tile is distinguished in the current market for ceramic tiles, with excellent technical and esthetic characteristics. In the present study traditional ceramic raw materials were selected and a standard formulation conventionally reported in the literature was adopted aiming to replace the melting phase (feldspar) of the composition for a raw material that forms liquid phase at high temperature, and replacement of the clay fraction by a mudstone of lower refractoriness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of these materials as alternative techniques and lower cost, since, in a mass of porcelain tile, the amount of flux is very large (representing approximately 50% of total raw materials used). The nepheline syenite was the natural raw material selected to replace the feldspar due to the fact that it belongs to the family of feldspathoids, and has similar physicochemical characteristics, therefore, a high fluxing efficiency. To replace the clay fraction was chosen a mudstone naturally occurring, abundant in the region of Santa Gertrudes, SP. Substitutions to the feldspar and clay fraction were completely and/or partially by means of combinations between the flux and mudstones. The masses were processed from the mixing of powders, wet milling, drying, disagglomeration, compaction and firing. In addition to the vitrification curves, techniques such as dilatometry, measurements of porosity, flexure strength test, electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the material after firing at various temperatures. The results showed that, in principle, it is possible the combination of raw materials such as nepheline and mudstone to replace potassium feldspar and S. Simão clay, as they provide the vitrification at lower temperatures. Compositions with both materials showed lower values of water absorption (<0.1%) and high mechanical strength (> 45 MPa), despite higher pyroplastic strain at 1150 ºC.

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15.

Association of nutritional status, plasma, albumin levels and pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis
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Souza dos Santos Simon, M. I.

; Drehmer, M.

; de Abreu e Silva, F. A.

; Hoffmann, A.

; Druck Ricachinewsky, C.

; de Fonseca Andrade Procianoy, E.

; Scattolin, I.

; Saldanha Menna Barreto, S.

Nutrición Hospitalaria

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dec 2011, Volume 26 N. 6 Pages 1322 - 1327

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background & aims: Malnutrition is related with pulmonary disease. The aim was to analyze the association of lung function respectively to nutritional status, identified pulmonary pathogens and socioeconomic condition of patients attending a pediatric CF reference center. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed with CF patients aged 6 to 18 years attending a CF-Center in southern Brazil. Nutritional status, plasma albumin level and pulmonary bacterial colonization were assessed. The outcome studied was forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Results: Eighty-five patients were included in this study. FEV1 was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) percentiles, plasma albumin level and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pulmonary colonization. Regression analysis showed that BMI below the 10th percentile was associated with a 25.58% drop in FEV1, and plasma albumin levels equal to or lower than 4.1 mg/dL was associated with 18.6% FEV1 reduction. FEV1 was 14.4% lower in the MRSA infected patients. Plasma albumin of 4.25 mg/dL predicted FEV1 of 60% with 76.9% sensitivity and 72.2% specificity, and 85.7% accuracy. The socioeconomic status was not association with pulmonary function. Conclusion: BMI below the 10th percentile and albumin below 4.1 mg/dL were predictors of low FEV1. Chronic MRSA infection was associated with lower FEV1. Longitudinal studies may better complement these results.

Objetivos: Analizar la asociación entre la función pulmonar y tres factores: el estado nutricional, el estado de patógenos pulmonares y el estado socio-económico de pacientes en un centro de referencia en atención a pacientes pediátricos con fibrosis quística. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal en pacientes con fibrosis quística, de 6 a 18 años atendidos en un centro de fibrosis quística del Sur del Brasil. Fueron evaluados: estado nutricional, niveles de albúmina plasmática y colonización bacteriana pulmonar. El principal resultado estudiado fue el volumen espiratorio forzado en el 1 segundo (FEV1). Resultados: Fueron incluidos en este estudio 85 pacientes. El FEV1 se mostró significativamente correlacionado con percentiles del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), albúmina plasmática y colonización pulmonar por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM). El análisis de regresión mostró que el IMC abajo del percentil 10 estuvo asociado con una disminución del 25,58% en el FEV1, y que niveles de albúmina plasmática iguales o menores a 4,1 mg/dL se correlacionaron on una reducción de 18,6% del FEV1. El FEV1 fue 14,4% menos en los pacientes infectados por SARM. La albúmina plasmática de 4,25 mg/dL predijo un FEV1 de 60% con una sensibilidad de 76,9% una especificidad de 72,2% y precisión de 85,7%. El estado socioeconómico no tuvo asociación con la función pulmonar. Conclusiones: El IMC debajo del percentil 10 y albúmina plasmática menor que 4,1 mg/dL fueron predictivos de un bajo FEV1 . La infección crónica de SARM mostró asociación con un menor FEV1.

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