Abstract This research aimed to analyze the angles of convergence in dental preparations for crowns performed on typodont, by 10th semester students of school of dentistry, UNACH. Dental preparations for crowns have retention and resistance characteristics, fundamental principles that offer success and longevity of the final crown. Various researchers worldwide have developed various methods to evaluate the convergence angles of extra coronary preparations; however, in our context, there are no studies on the measurement of these angles. This research was experimental, cross-sectional and observational, 32 dental preparations were obtained for fully covered crowns, each student had 60 minutes to carve two dental preparations in clinical simulators. The typodonts were scanned and digitized using the scanner CAD-CAM Ceramill Database version 1.0 - 2010 of “BrothersDent” Laboratory in order to produce three-dimensional images. The iTero software measured the vestibule-lingual (VL) and mesio-distal (MD) angles of each preparation. The smallest and largest angles observed were 3.1 ° and 102.5 ° for mandibular molars. The mean VL angle for anterior teeth was 40.38 ± 4.38 ° in males and 36.97 ± 3.95 ° in females, and the mean MD angle was 44.68 ± 5.51 ° in males and 40, 08 ± 3.99 ° in women. For posterior teeth the average VL was 27.46 ± 7.82 ° in men and 40.98 ± 4.63 ° in women; and the mean MD angle was 40.73 ± 5.95 ° in men and 50.62 ± 7.00 ° in women. In conclusion, the convergence angles achieved by students were greater than the recommended ideals according to Shillingburg.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los ángulos de convergencia en preparaciones dentarias para coronas realizadas en tipodontos, por estudiantes de décimo semestre de Odontología Unach. Las preparaciones dentales para coronas poseen características de retención y resistencia, principios fundamentales que ofrecen éxito y longevidad de la corona definitiva. Varios investigadores a nivel mundial han desarrollado diversos métodos para evaluar los ángulos de convergencia de las preparaciones extracoronarias; sin embargo, en nuestro medio, no existen estudios acerca de la medición de estos ángulos. Esta investigación fue de carácter experimental, transversal y observacional, se obtuvieron 32 preparaciones dentarias para coronas de recubrimiento completo, cada estudiante tuvo 60 minutos para tallar dos preparaciones dentarias en simuladores clínicos. Los tipodontos fueron escaneados y digitalizados mediante el escáner CAD-CAM Ceramill Database versión 1.0 año 2010 del Laboratorio “BrothersDent” para producir imágenes tridimensionales. El software iTero midió los ángulos vestíbulo-lingual (VL) y mesio-distal (MD) de cada preparación. Los ángulos más pequeño y más grande observados fueron 3.1° y 102.5° para molares mandibulares. El promedio del ángulo VL para dientes anteriores fue 40,38 ±4,38° en varones y 36,97 ±3,95° en mujeres y el promedio del ángulo MD fue 44,68 ±5,51° en varones y 40,08 ±3,99° en mujeres. Para dientes posteriores el promedio VL fue 27,46 ±7,82° en varones y 40,98 ±4,63° en mujeres; y el promedio del ángulo MD fue 40,73 ±5,95° en varones y 50,62 ±7,00° en mujeres. En conclusión, los ángulos de convergencia logrados por estudiantes fueron mayores que los ideales recomendados según Shillingburg.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência do uso de estratégias cognitivas de direcionamento de atenção (dicas de aprendizagem) no desenvolvimento de variáveis da percepção corporal de crianças com deficiência motora. MÉTODO: 22 sujeitos de 7 a 10 anos, de ambos os sexos, foram selecionados por similaridade de características funcionais e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: CD (com dicas) n= 11 e SD (sem dicas) n= 11. Os grupos CD e SD desenvolveram os procedimentos metodológicos 1 (PM1 com direcionamento de atenção através do uso de dicas de aprendizagem) e 2 (PM2 sem direcionamento de atenção) respectivamente, durante 2 semanas com freqüência de 2 sessões semanais e duração de 50 minutos cada. Foram realizados pré-testes, pós-testes e testes de retenção com os seguintes instrumentos: teste de identificação das partes do corpo, teste de percepção cinética e teste de percepção crítica das partes do corpo. Foram utilizados a análise de variância multivariada MANOVA e o teste de comparações múltiplas de Tukey para analisar possíveis diferenças significativas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas (p< 0,01) com superioridade de aproveitamento do grupo CD nas variáveis de percepção cinética e de percepção crítica das partes do corpo. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que a seletividade de atenção pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da percepção corporal em crianças com deficiência motora.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of using cognitive strategies for directing attention (learning cues) on the development of body awareness in children with motor deficiencies. METHOD: Twenty-two children of both sexes, aged 7 to 10 years, were selected based on their similar functional characteristics and were divided randomly into two groups: cue group (n= 11) and no cue group (n= 11). The cue group followed a methodological sequence in which attention was directed using learning cues, while the no cue group followed a different sequence, in which there was no directing of attention. These programs were followed for two weeks, with two sessions of 50 minutes each per week. Pre, post and retention tests were applied using the following instruments: body part identification test, kinetic perception test and critical body part perception test. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the Tukey multiple comparisons test were used to analyze possible significant differences. RESULTS: The results indicated significant differences (p< 0.01), with superior performance by the cue group in the variables of kinetic perception and critical body part perception. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that selectivity of attention may contribute towards the development of body awareness in children with motor deficiency.