Abstract A Qingzhi compound-flavor Baijiu (QZCF Baijiu) was developed and the physiochemical factors and microbial community structure in Jiupei (fermented grains) during Baijiu fermentation were revealed. Physiochemical factors of ethanol, moisture and acidity significantly increased in the fermentation, while starch and reducing sugar decreased. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that Weissella, Pediococcus, Bacillus, Pantoea, Streptococcus, Sphingobacterium, Saccharomyces, Rhizopus, Issatchenkia and Wickerhamomyces were the dominant microorganisms in Jiupei. Moreover, correlation analysis between the physicochemical factors, the dominant microorganisms and the important flavor compounds in QZCF Baijiu production highlighted that the changes of physiochemical factors would lead to the corresponding changes of core microbiota and important flavor substances. Physiochemical factors of starch, reducing sugar and temperature could significantly affect the microbial community structure at the early stage of fermentation, while the influences of ethanol content and acidity became greater at the later stage, resulting in the differences of flavor compounds in Jiupei. Therefore, the growth and metabolism of microbial communities could be regulated by purposefully adjusting the physiochemical factors, thereby improving the flavor and quality of Baijiu. This work enriched the flavor types of Baijiu and provided a reference for the Baijiu-making industries to manage their production process.

Abstract The segmentation of athlete knee joint injury images can provide doctors with information about the location and extent of the athlete knee joint injury. Therefore, it is significant to segment the images of athlete knee joint injury. However, the traditional image segmentation method of athlete knee injury has the problems of low accuracy of mask region extraction, completion time of extraction and high error rate of segmentation. In the paper, we propose image segmentation method for athlete knee joint injury using the transformer model by the medical Internet of Things (MIoT). First, the MIoT was used as a way to obtain images of knee joint injury of athletes, and the images of knee joint injury of athletes were derived using the MIoT. Second, the exported image is input into the shadow expansion layer of the transformer model, which performs shadow expansion on the athlete knee joint injury image to obtain its mask region, and then the image is input into the patch embedding layer. Finally, after the patch embedding layer extracts the mask patch of the athlete knee joint injury image, the mask patch is input into the transformer block for down-sampling and up-sampling processing, and then the athlete knee joint injury image segmentation result is output using the end backpropagation layer. The results show that the proposed method has a low error rate in extracting the mask region from the knee joint injury image of athletes, and a short completion time for extracting the mask region, the most detailed and comprehensive segmented athlete knee joint injury image, the maximum error rate of image segmentation is only 6.8%, and the maximum value of segmentation time is only 3.96s. It has important research value in the field of athlete knee joint injury diagnosis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lower body perfusion (LBP) is a technique used to provide blood perfusion to distal organs and spinal cord during circulatory arrest. However, the effect of LBP on the prognosis of aortic arch surgery, especially on postoperative renal function, remains unclear. Methods: A total of 304 patients with acute type A aortic dissection who underwent total aortic arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk implantation between May 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into LBP group (group L, n=85) and non-LBP group (group NL, n=219). Routine lower body circulatory arrest was applied during operation in group NL, and antegrade LBP combined was applied during operation in group L. Perioperative data were recorded. Propensity score matching was used for statistical analysis. Results: After propensity score matching, 85 pairs of patients were successfully matched. Two groups significantly differed in circulatory arrest time (six minutes vs. 30 minutes, P=0.000), cross-clamping time (101 minutes vs. 92 minutes, P=0.010), minimum nasopharyngeal temperature (29.4ºC vs. 27.2ºC, P=0.000), and highest lactate value during cardiopulmonary bypass (2.3 μmol/L vs. 4.1 μmol/L, P=0.000). Considering the postoperative indicators, the drainage volume (450 mL vs. 775 mL, P=0.000) and the incidence of level I acute kidney injury (23.5% vs. 32%, P=0.046) in group L was lower than those in group NL. Conclusion: LBP resulted as a safe and feasible approach in aortic arch surgery, as it could significantly shorten the circulatory arrest time, which might reduce the incidence of postoperative level I acute kidney injury.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics uses the body as a tool for expression and choreographed beauty. Athletes use various body movements and beautiful voices to create a competitive sport that combines technology and art. This high-level sports performance set results from much targeted fitness training. Yet, the sport lacks research relating fitness to the difficulties of the new rules. Objective: This paper explores the choreographic differences in rhythmic gymnastics under the current rules. The differences in athletes’ body fitness are also evaluated. Methods: The fitness indices of 120 rhythmic gymnasts were evaluated by a developed method encompassing the upper body, trunk and lower limbs. A general analysis of the movement organization characteristics of Chinese rhythmic gymnasts was also performed. Armed with these data, the mathematical statistics method was adopted to conduct empirical research. results: The 10-second long jump, standing jump, lifting, plank, and other 10-s performances in elite athletes were significantly more expressive than those in ordinary athletes (P<0.01). In the lifting test, elite athletes were significantly better than ordinary athletes (P<0.01). There was a significant difference between elite and ordinary athletes in the plank stand (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the remaining individual scores. Conclusion: The critical period of the upper limb development of rhythmic gymnasts is significantly lagged compared to the lower limbs. The artistic arrangement of rhythmic gymnastics is fundamental to its good presentation. The innovations and diversified changes evidenced an advance in rhythmic gymnastics that athletes must absorb to achieve better competitive results. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La gimnasia rítmica utiliza el cuerpo como herramienta de expresión y belleza coreográfica. Los atletas utilizan diversos movimientos corporales y bellas voces para crear un deporte de competición que combina tecnología y arte. Este conjunto de rendimiento deportivo de alto nivel es el resultado de un entrenamiento físico muy específico. Sin embargo, el deporte carece de investigaciones que relacionen la aptitud con las dificultades de las nuevas normas vigentes. Objetivo: Este trabajo explora las diferencias coreográficas en la gimnasia rítmica bajo las diferentes reglas actuales. También se evalúan las diferencias en el estado físico de los atletas. Métodos: Se evaluaron los índices de aptitud física de 120 gimnastas rítmicas mediante un método desarrollado que abarcaba la parte superior del cuerpo, el tronco y las extremidades inferiores. También se realizó un análisis general de las características de organización del movimiento de las gimnastas rítmicas chinas. Con estos datos, se adoptó el método de la estadística matemática para realizar la investigación empírica. Resultados: Los 10 segundos de salto de longitud, salto de pie, levantamiento, plancha y otros 10 segundos de rendimiento en los atletas de élite fueron significativamente más expresivos que los de los atletas ordinarios (P<0,01). En la prueba de levantamiento, los atletas de élite fueron significativamente mejores que los ordinarios (P<0,01). Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los atletas de élite y los atletas ordinarios en el soporte de la tabla (P<0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en el resto de las puntuaciones individuales. Conclusión: El periodo crítico del desarrollo de las extremidades superiores de las gimnastas rítmicas está significativamente retrasado en comparación con las extremidades inferiores. La disposición artística de la gimnasia rítmica resultó fundamental para su buena presentación. Las innovaciones y los cambios diversificados evidenciaron un avance en la gimnasia rítmica que debe ser absorbido por los atletas que aspiran a obtener mejores resultados competitivos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: A ginástica rítmica utiliza o corpo como uma ferramenta de expressão e beleza coreografada. Os atletas utilizam vários movimentos corporais e belas vozes para criar um esporte de competição que combina tecnologia e arte. Esse conjunto de desempenho esportivo de alto nível é resultado de muito treinamento de aptidão física direcionado. Ainda assim, o esporte carece de pesquisas relacionando a aptidão física às dificuldades das novas regras vigentes. Objetivo: Este artigo explora as diferenças coreográficas da ginástica rítmica sob as diferentes regras atuais. As diferenças na aptidão física corporal dos atletas também são avaliadas. Métodos: Os índices de aptidão física de 120 ginastas rítmicos foram avaliados por um método desenvolvido que englobou a parte superior do corpo, o tronco e os membros inferiores. Também se efetuou uma análise geral das características de organização do movimento dos ginastas rítmicos chineses. Munidos desses dados, adotou-se o método de estatística matemática para realizar pesquisas empíricas. Resultados: Os 10 segundos de salto em distância, salto em pé, elevações, prancha e outros 10-s de desempenho nos atletas de elite foram significativamente mais expressivos do que nos dos atletas comuns (P<0,01). No teste de elevação, os atletas de elite foram significativamente melhores do que os atletas comuns (P<0,01). Houve uma diferença significativa entre atletas de elite e atletas comuns no suporte de prancha (P<0,05). Não houve diferença significativa nas pontuações individuais restantes. Conclusão: O período crítico do desenvolvimento dos membros superiores dos ginastas rítmicos está significativamente defasado em comparação com os membros inferiores. O arranjo artístico da ginástica rítmica demonstrou-se fundamental para a sua boa apresentação. As inovações e mudanças diversificadas evidenciaram um avanço na ginástica rítmica que deve ser absorvido pelos esportistas visando melhores resultados competitivos. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lower body perfusion (LBP) is a technique used to provide blood perfusion to distal organs and spinal cord during circulatory arrest. However, the effect of LBP on the prognosis of aortic arch surgery, especially on postoperative renal function, remains unclear. Methods: A total of 304 patients with acute type A aortic dissection who underwent total aortic arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk implantation between May 2016 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into LBP group (group L, n=85) and non-LBP group (group NL, n=219). Routine lower body circulatory arrest was applied during operation in group NL, and antegrade LBP combined was applied during operation in group L. Perioperative data were recorded. Propensity score matching was used for statistical analysis. Results: After propensity score matching, 85 pairs of patients were successfully matched. Two groups significantly differed in circulatory arrest time (six minutes vs. 30 minutes, P=0.000), cross-clamping time (101 minutes vs. 92 minutes, P=0.010), minimum nasopharyngeal temperature (29.4ºC vs. 27.2ºC, P=0.000), and highest lactate value during cardiopulmonary bypass (2.3 μmol/L vs. 4.1 μmol/L, P=0.000). Considering the postoperative indicators, the drainage volume (450 mL vs. 775 mL, P=0.000) and the incidence of level I acute kidney injury (23.5% vs. 32%, P=0.046) in group L was lower than those in group NL. Conclusion: LBP resulted as a safe and feasible approach in aortic arch surgery, as it could significantly shorten the circulatory arrest time, which might reduce the incidence of postoperative level I acute kidney injury.

Abstract Objectives: Isoflurane (ISO) is widely used in the clinic and research. The authors aimed to explore whether Neobaicalein (Neob) could protect neonatal mice from ISO-induced cognitive damage. Method: The open field test, Morris water maze test, and tail suspension test was performed to assess the cognitive function in mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate inflammatory-related protein concentrations. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess Ionized calcium-Binding Adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1) expression. Hippocampal neuron viability was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Double immunofluorescence staining was employed to confirm the interaction between proteins. Western blotting was used to assess protein expression levels. Results: Neob notably improved cognitive function and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects; moreover, under isotreatment, it exhibited neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, Neob suppressed interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels and upregulated interleukin-10 levels in ISO-treated mice. Neob significantly mitigated iso-induced increases in IBA-1 – positive cell numbers of the hippocampus in neonatal mice. Furthermore, it inhibited ISO-induced neuronal apoptosis. Mechanistically, Neob was observed to upregulate cAMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB1) phosphorylation and protected hippocampal neurons from ISO-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, it rescued ISO-induced abnormalities of synaptic protein. Conclusions: Neob prevented ISO anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation through upregulating CREB1.

Nickel-based alloys containing high amount of Cr are desirable materials for the production of critical components that operate under high temperature and severe corrosion conditions. The description of flow behaviors for these alloys is key to designing the hot formation process for achieving the excellent mechanical properties of components. This work aims to study the flow behaviors of Ni-38Cr-3.8Al alloy during thermal deformation. A series of isothermal compression experiments were carried out at temperatures of 1148 K, 1223 K, 1298 K, 1373 K, 1448 K and 1523 K, and strain rates of 0.01 s-1, 0.1 s-1, 1 s-1 and 10 s-1. Results show that the obtained true stress-strain curves exhibit the softening characteristics of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and dynamic recovery (DRV). The flow stress decreases with temperature increasing and strain rate decreasing. To further quantitatively describe the flow behaviors, an improved segmented Arrhenius constitutive equation was developed according to the softening characteristics under different temperatures. In these equations, the variable coefficients, including activation energy Q and material constants (structure factor A, stress exponent n, stress parameters α), were fitted as the polynomial functions of true strain. Furthermore, a typical Arrhenius constitutive equation was also solved. The comparisons between experimental stress and predicted results obtained from the typical and improved constitutive equations were conducted, and the correlation coefficient (R) and average absolute relative error (AARE) were calculated as 0.932, 15.83%, and 0.9963, 5.61%, respectively. It suggests that the improved constitutive equation can adeptly describe the flow behaviors of Ni-38Cr-3.8Al alloy.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide, and diabetic nephropathy is the complication. The diabetic nephropathy considerably enhances the oxidative stress, glycation, lipid parameters and inflammatory reaction. Ellipticine has potent free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory effect. Methods: In the current study, our objectives were to thoroughly examine the renal protective effects of ellipticine in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. For the induction of diabetic nephropathy, streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was used, and rats were separated into groups and given varying doses of ellipticine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg). The body weight, and renal weight were estimated. The inflammatory cytokines, renal biomarkers, inflammatory antioxidant, and urine parameters were estimated. Results: Result showed that ellipticine considerably enhanced the body weight and reduced the renal tissue weight. Ellipticine treatment significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid, blood glucose and altered the lipid parameters. Ellipticine significantly (P < 0.001) repressed the level of malonaldehyde and boosted the glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Ellipticine treatment significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: Ellipticine could be a renal protective drug via attenuating the inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and oxidative stress in streptozotocin induced rats.

Abstract Laparoscopic surgery has become a common procedure in pediatric patients. However, adverse hemodynamic changes such as the increase of intraabdominal pressure (IAP) may occur laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study is find a method to set a suitable IAP level in children before laparoscopic surgery. From Jan 2012 to Dec 2014, data were collected from a total of 1776 children needing laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac. A retrospective data analysis was performed using a new defined variant Index A which had information of age, body mass index (BMI) and duration of pneumoperitoneum. The blood pressures (SBP and DBP) and the PaCO2 were increased but SV showed no changes in patients after CO2 insufflation. The complications were found in 32 cases including 2 cases with subcutaneous emphysemarelated to the CO2 insufflation directly, 3 cases of respiratory infection, 5 cases of incision infection and 2 cases of urinary tract infection) and technique related. Furthermore, the risks of complications were negatively associated with the Index A. An IAP can be optimal set up in laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac by using the Index A.

RESUMO Com a crescente atenção do público aos esportes de saúde pública em faculdades e universidades, o desenvolvimento de esportes de saúde pública precisa urgentemente de métodos mais científicos para ser otimizado. Com base nisso, este artigo propõe usar o AHP para otimizar a concepção de esportes de saúde pública em faculdades e universidades. Com base na análise simples do desenvolvimento dos desportos de saúde pública em faculdades e universidades e na aplicação do AHP, este documento tem o desenvolvimento saudável dos desportos de saúde pública em colégios e universidades como ideologia orientadora, aplica o processo hierárquico analítico à seleção de cursos e à avaliação dos estudantes, dá pesos diferentes aos fatores que influenciam a seleção e avaliação dos cursos, e realiza a análise de simulação com um exemplo. Os resultados dos testes mostram que a aplicação do AHP nos esportes de saúde pública pode melhorar o efeito da seleção de cursos e realizar a diversidade da avaliação do ensino.

ABSTRACT With the increasing public attention to public health sports in colleges and universities, the development of public health sports urgently needs more scientific methods to be optimized. Based on this, this paper proposes to use AHP to optimize the design of public health sports in colleges and universities. Based on the simple analysis of the development of public health sports in colleges and universities and the application of AHP, this paper takes the healthy development of public health sports in colleges and universities as the guiding ideology, applies the analytic hierarchy process to course selection and student evaluation, gives different weights to the influencing factors of course selection and evaluation, and carries out simulation analysis with an example. The test results show that the application of AHP in public health sports can improve the effect of course selection and realize the diversity of teaching evaluation.

RESUMEN Con la creciente atención a los deportes de salud pública en los colegios y universidades, el desarrollo de los mismos necesita con urgencia la optimización de más métodos científicos. Considerando esto, este trabajo propone utilizar PJA para optimizar el diseño de deportes de salud pública en colegios y universidades. Basado en el análisis simple del desarrollo de deportes de salud pública en colegios y universidades y la aplicación de PJA, este documento toma el desarrollo saludable de deportes de salud pública en colegios y universidades como la ideología rectora, aplica el proceso de jerarquía analítica a la selección de cursos y evaluación de los estudiantes, da diferentes ponderaciones a los factores que influyen en la selección y evaluación de cursos y realiza análisis de simulación con un ejemplo. Los resultados de la prueba muestran que la aplicación de PJA en deportes de salud pública puede mejorar el efecto de la selección de cursos y entender la diversidad de la evaluación de la enseñanza.

Severe blockage in myeloid differentiation is the hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Trdmt1 plays an important role in hematopoiesis. However, little is known about the function of Trdmt1 in AML cell differentiation. In the present study, Trdmt1 was up-regulated and miR-181a was down-regulated significantly during human leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation after TAT-CT3 fusion protein treatment. Accordingly, miR-181a overexpression in HL-60 cells inhibited granulocytic maturation. In addition, our “rescue” assay demonstrated that Trdmt1 3′-untranslated region promoted myeloid differentiation of HL-60 cells by sequestering miR-181a and up-regulating C/EBPα (a critical factor for normal myelopoiesis) via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on miR-181a. These findings revealed an unrecognized role of Trdmt1 as a potential ceRNA for therapeutic targets in AML.

Abstract A ballistic projectile launching device was used to study the penetration behaviors of tungsten alloy spherical fragments of various diameters into carbon fiber composite target plates of different thicknesses. Based on the ballistic test results, we obtained the relationship between ultimate penetration velocity, target plate thickness, and fragment diameter as well as the relationship between the fragment penetration energy and fragment incident velocity. Using dimensional analysis, we obtained a formula relating the incident fragment velocity and the fragment penetration energy, which showed good agreement with the experimental values. We also analyzed the main fracture mode and the energy absorption mechanism of the carbon composite target plate under high-velocity impacts of tungsten alloy spheres and investigated the experimental damage modes of the target plate at different fragment velocities during the ballistic impact.

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of intro-oral injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on tooth extraction wound healing in hyperglycemic rats. Methodology 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal group (n=30) and DM group (n=30). Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by streptozotocin. After extracting the left first molar of all rats, each group was further divided into 3 subgroups (n=10 per subgroup), receiving the administration of intermittent PTH, continuous PTH and saline (control), respectively. The intermittent-PTH group received intra-oral injection of PTH three times per week for two weeks. A thermosensitive controlled-release hydrogel was synthesized for continuous-PTH administration. The serum chemistry was determined to evaluate the systemic condition. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological analyses were used to evaluate the healing of extraction sockets. Results The level of serum glucose in the DM groups was significantly higher than that in the non-DM groups (p<0.05); the level of serum calcium was similar in all groups (p>0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that the DM group had a significantly lower alveolar bone trabecular number (Tb.N) and higher trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) than the normal group (p<0.05). The histological analyses showed that no significant difference in the amount of new bone (hard tissue) formation was found between the PTH and non-PTH groups (p>0.05). Conclusions Bone formation in the extraction socket of the type 1 diabetic rats was reduced. PTH did not improve the healing of hard and soft tissues. The different PTH administration regimes (continuous vs. intermittent) had similar effect on tissue healing. These results demonstrated that the metabolic characteristics of the hyperglycemic rats produced a condition that was unable to respond to PTH treatment.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Realizamos este estudo para investigar a eficácia clínica da colangiopancreatografia retrógrada endoscópica (ERCP) na coledocolitíase idosa e seus efeitos nos níveis de TNF-α, IL-1 e IL-6. MÉTODOS: Pacientes idosos com coledocolitíase foram matriculados neste estudo. De acordo com os métodos cirúrgicos, eles foram divididos em grupo ERCP e grupo cirúrgico. Após o tratamento, comparamos a eficácia desses dois métodos em pacientes, respostas inflamatórias indicadas pelos níveis de TNF-α, IL-1 e IL-6 e as complicações. RESULTADOS: Não houve significância estatística na diferença da taxa de sucesso na remoção entre os dois grupos (98% versus 94%), mas indicadores do grupo ERCP, incluindo a duração cirúrgica (28,5 ± 12,8) min, duração da remissão da dor abdominal (1,2 ± 0,2) d, tempo de recessão de icterícia (2,0 ± 0,3) d, tempo pós-operatório (1,4 ± 0,2) d, tempo de tratamento da infecção (1,5 ± 0,2) d, duração da internação (6,5 ± 0,3) d, níveis de TNF-α (2,1 ± 0,2) μg / L, IL-1 (6,3 ± 0,8) μg / L, IL-6 (2,8 ± 0,3) μg / L e a taxa de incidência de complicações (1,8 %) foram todos significativamente inferiores aos do grupo cirúrgico (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: No tratamento da coledocolitíase, a ERCP é excelente no controle do trauma, acelerando a duração da recuperação, reduzindo a ocorrência de complicações e melhorando as respostas inflamatórias. Assim, é uma escolha ideal para a coledocolitíase.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to investigate the clinical efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on elder choledocholithiasis and its effects on the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. METHODS: Elder patients with choledocholithiasis were enrolled in this study, and according to the surgical methods, they were divided into the ERCP group and the surgical group. After treatment, we compared the efficacy of these two methods on patients, inflammatory responses indicated by the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, and the complications. RESULTS: No statistical significance was identified in the difference of the success rate in removal between the two groups (98% vs. 94%), but indicators of the ERCP group, including the surgical duration (28.5±12.8) min, remission duration of abdominal pain (1.2±0.2) d, recession time of jaundice (2.0±0.3) d, postoperative bedridden time (1.4±0.2) d, treatment time of the anti-infection (1.5±0.2) d, length of stay in hospital (6.5±0.3) d, levels of TNF-α (2.1±0.2) μg/L, IL-1 (6.3±0.8) μg/L, IL-6 (2.8±0.3) μg/L, and the incidence rate of complications (1.8%), were all significantly lower than those in the surgical group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of choledocholithiasis, ERCP is excellent in controlling the trauma, accelerating the recovery duration, reducing the occurrence of complications and ameliorating the inflammatory responses. Thus, it is an ideal choice for choledocholithiasis.