ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Pregnancy Mobility Index (PMI) was developed to assess mobility in pregnant women in the Netherlands. At present, no similar questionnaire is available in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Brazilian PMI. DESIGN AND SETTING: The present study was a validation study conducted at the Universidade Federal do Paraná and a public maternity ward in Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: Text translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed international guidelines. Construct validity, internal consistency, and inter- and intra-rater reliability tests included 97 women. The Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire, Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale, Schober’s test, and lumbar spine range of motion assessment were administered on the first day. Intra-rater reliability (n = 19) was measured after 15 days. Exploratory factor analysis was performed, and the correlation matrix was analyzed using Pearson’s coefficient. RESULTS: Pregnant women (88%) understood the cultural adaptation process. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.90), construct validity was moderate, with significant correlation between lumbar spine range of motion (r = 0.283–0.369) and Schober’s test (r = -0.314), and high correlation between the Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale (r = -0.650 and -0.499) and Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (r = -0.737). Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.932 and 0.990, respectively). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the PMI was successfully translated with excellent reliability and moderate-to-high construct validity. It is an important tool for assessing mobility in pregnant women. CLINICAL TRIAL: RBR-789tps (Validation study), https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-789tps.

Abstract Objective To verify the prevalence of the offer of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), and to analyze their associated factors in the child's first year of life. Methods Cross-sectional study with 119 mother-infant pairs. At 5.5 months of the child, the mothers received guidance on complementary feeding (CF) according to three methods: Parent-Led Weaning (PLW), Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS), or mixed (a combination of PLW and BLISS). At nine and 12 months, the mothers answered a questionnaire about the offer of UPFs. The NOVA classification, which classifies foods according to the nature, extent, and purposes of the industrial processes to which they are subjected, was used to list the UPFs. Descriptive statistics and multivariate Poisson regression, following a multilevel hierarchical model according to the proximity to the outcome, were used to estimate the association between dependent and independent variables. Results The prevalence of UPF consumption was 63% (n = 75) in the first year of life. Receiving guidance on healthy CF in the BLISS method showed to be a protective factor for offering UPFs (RR 0.72; CI95 0.52-0.99). Attending less than six prenatal consultations was a risk factor for the UPFs provision (RR 1.39; CI95 1.07-1.80). Conclusion The prevalence of UPFs offered in the first year of life in this study can be considered high, and future interventions aimed at avoiding UPFs offered in this population should consider the CF method.

A avaliação que os pais fazem sobre o seu próprio desempenho pode ter um papel directo ou indirecto no desenvolvimento das crianças. Neste trabalho, estudamos o sentimento de competência parental face ao papel global da parentalidade e as percepções de auto-eficácia em domínios específicos da parentalidade, procurando identificar diferenças entre pais e mães, e discernir efeitos possíveis face a características demográficas, como preditores das cognições da parentalidade. Os resultados vão de encontro a evidência disponível na literatura, contudo revelam especificidades na nossa amostra que permitam equacionar singularidades, em particular face aos preditores sociodemográficos da auto- eficácia, levantando questões relativas aos factores de contexto e culturais da parentalidade.

The assessment parents make about their skills and competence can have direct or indirect consequences in their child’s development. In this paper we studied parents sense of competence in their global role of parenting and their perceptions of self-efficacy in specific domains of parenting, aiming to identify differences between fathers and mothers, and to understand if some of the sociodemographic characteristics controlled were predictors of the parental cognitions. The results support the evidence available in the literature, but also show some singularities, in terms of predictors of self-efficacy. Questions about context and cultural factors affecting parenting should be consider in this discussion.

The results of the productive characterisation of the Blanca de Rasquera goat meat breed are presented within the framework of a Conservation Programme. The 125 animals included in the study were randomly chosen from among six farms under an extensive production system and natural lactation. The growth of kids was characterised by quantifying body weight from birth to slaughter. The influence of sex and type of birth on growth was evaluated. Kids showed a good growth rate (123 g/day on average for the period 0-45 days), comparable to, or slightly lower than, other Spanish autochthonous meat breeds. As expected, the type of birth and sex significantly influenced weight and the growth of kids. A random sample of 36 individuals was analysed in relation to the αS1-casein gene (CSN1S1). A greater frequency (62.5%) was found for alleles associated with high αS1-casein quantity in milk, indicating its good potential and technological quality for cheese production.

En el marco de un Programa de Conservación, se presentan los resultados de la caracterización productiva de la raza caprina Blanca de Rasquera, de aptitud cárnica. Se estudiaron un total de 125 animales escogidos de forma aleatoria y distribuidos en 6 explotaciones de régimen extensivo y lactancia natural. Se caracterizó el crecimiento de los cabritos mediante la cuantificación de los pesos desde el nacimiento hasta el sacrificio. Se evaluó la influencia del sexo y tipo de parto sobre el crecimiento. Los cabritos presentaron una buena tasa de crecimiento (123 g/día como promedio, para el período 0-45 días de edad), comparable, o ligeramente inferior, a otras razas cárnicas autóctonas españolas. Como era esperable, el tipo de nacimiento y el sexo influyeron de forma significativa en el peso y el crecimiento de los cabritos. Se analizó una muestra aleatoria de 36 individuos, en relación al gen de la αS1-caseína (CSN1S1). Las mayores frecuencias alélicas (62,5%) se encontraron para los alelos asociados con una elevada cantidad de αS1-caseína en la leche, indicando dichos resultados las buenas aptitudes y cualidades tecnológicas de su leche para la producción de quesos.

Goats are located predominantly in the dry Spain specially in Andalusia, Castilla-La Mancha, the Canary Islands, Murcia and Extremadura. In this paper we have analyzed 867 samples of 18 Spanish goat populations from different parts of the Iberian Peninsula (Azpi-Gorri, Blanca de Rasquera, Blanca Andaluza, Blanca Celtibérica, Florida, Malagueña, Murciano-Granadina, Negra Serrana, Payoya and Retinta) and the Balearic (Ibicenca, Mallorquina and Formentera goat) and Canarian Archipelagos (Ajuí, Majorera, Palmera, Tenerife North and Tenerife South). Twenty-three microsatellites have been amplified and the withinbreed genetic variation has been calculated through the analysis of the mean number of alleles, heterozygosity and F IS The values of expected heterozygosity (He) per breed ranged from 0.524 to 0.721 in Palmera and Florida, respectively, while the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged between 0.515 and 0.705 in Palmera and Retinta, respectively. Goat genetic diversity in Spain is very high, with a mean number of alleles, expected and observed heterozigosities across the breeds of 7.04, 0.668 and 0.621, respectively.

La especie caprina se localiza predominantemente en la España seca con gran protagonismo de Andalucía, Castilla-La Mancha, Canarias, Murcia y Extremadura. En este trabajo se analizan 867 muestras de 18 poblaciones caprinas españolas provenientes de diferentes zonas de la Península Ibérica (Azpi-Gorri, Blanca de Rasquera, Blanca Andaluza, Blanca Celtibérica, Florida, Malagueña, Murciano-Granadina, Negra Serrana, Payoya y Retinta) y de los archipiélagos Balear (Ibicenca, Mallorquina y cabra de Formentera) y Canario (Ajuí, Majorera, Palmera, Tinerfeña del Norte y Tinerfeña del Sur). Se amplifican 23 microsatélites de ADN y se determina la variación genética de las razas mediante el análisis del número medio de alelos, la heterocigosis, y el estadístico F IS. Los valores de heterocigosis esperada (He) oscilan entre 0,524 en la raza Palmera y 0,721 en la Florida mientras que la heterocigosis observada (Ho) fluctúa entre 0,515 en la Palmera y 0,705 en la Retinta. En España existe una diversidad genética caprina elevada con valores de número medio de alelos, heterocigosis esperada y observada para todas las razas de 7,04, 0,668 y 0,621 respectivamente.

Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, é uma espécie nativa das regiões subtropicais e temperadas da América do Sul, usada em bebidas por infusão como chá, chimarrão e tererê. Para verificar os efeitos fisiológicos que a I. paraguariensis pode causar sobre o metabolismo de lipídeos e glicídeos em ratos Wistar, após a ingestão de chá de erva-mate, analisou-se quatro grupos experimentais: Grupo Lipídeo Controle (receberam água e dieta hiperlipídica); Grupo Lipídeo Ingestão (extrato de I. paraguariensis e dieta hiperlipídica); Grupo Glicídeo Controle (receberam água e dieta hiperglicídica); e Grupo Glicídeo Ingestão (extrato de I. paraguariensis e dieta hiperglicídica). Os animais receberam a dieta por 60 dias, de acordo com o grupo que pertenciam, sendo pesados semanalmente. Após esse período, foram avaliadas as concentrações de colesterol, glicose e triacilglicerídeos sanguíneos, e ainda, peso da gordura visceral. Os dados foram analisados estatísticamente. O nível de significância aceito foi p<0,05. Os resultados mostraram que a ingestão de erva-mate atua sobre o peso corpóreo, gordura visceral e taxas de glucose, colesterol e triacilglicerídeos plasmáticos.

Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, is a species native to the subtropical and temperate regions of South America, used in beverages prepared by infusion such as teas, chimarrão and tererê. To investigate the physiological effects of I. paraguariensis on the metabolism of fats and sugars in Wistar rats, following the ingestion of erva-mate tea, four experimental groups were constructed: Lipid Control Group (receiving water and high-fat diet); Lipid Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-fat diet); the Sugar Control Group (water and high-sugar diet); and Sugar Tea Group (extract of I. paraguariensis and high-sugar diet). The animals received their particular diet for 60 days, and were weighed weekly. After this period, the plasma concentrations of cholesterol, glucose and triacylglycerides were determined, together with the weight of visceral fat. The data were subjected to statistical analysis with a significance level of p<0.05. The results show that the ingestion of erva-mate affected body weight, visceral fat and plasma glucose, cholesterol and triacylglyceride levels.

Introduction: Our main aim with this study is to establish the epidemiologic and clinical features, treatment response and complications of a group composed of 55 patients with biopsy proven temporal arteritis in a local hospital. Material and methods: Restrospective study based on clinical records revision of patients diagnosticated of giant cell arteritis (GCA) made by temporal artery biopsy between 1989 and 2001. Results: The aproximated annual incidence of GCA in our area is 4.1 cases per 100.000 persons over the age of 50. The mean age at diagnostic was 74 years and the 78,2% were women. The most common symptom at diagnostic was headache (81,5%) followed by systemic manifestations (74,1%) and later we found jaw claudication (32,7%), visual impairment (30,2%), isquemic manifestations (17%). Polimyalgia rheumatica was asociated to GCA in 49,1% of cases. The temporal artery explorations was abnormal in the 76,9% of patients. The mean initial dose of corticoids was 69 mg prednisone per day, with a half dose reduction time of 3,5 months. In spite of that, 24,1% of patients relapsed during the first year. The 38% of patients did some complications during the corticosteroid treatment. The ESR was lower 50 mm in 12,7% of patients; it was anaemia in the 37,7% and thrombocitosis in 32,1%. In these last patients we detected a relation between thrombocitosis and specific visual impairment. Conclusions: The incidence of GCA in our area is low. The results of our serie aren't different from others publicated before in clinical manifestations, there is a prevalence of female sex and there is a relation between specific visual impairment and the presence of thrombocitosis.

Introducción: Descripción de las características epidemiológicas, clínicas, respuesta al tratamiento y complicaciones de una serie de 55 pacientes con arteritis de células gigantes(ACG) confirmada por biopsia en un hospital comarcal. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes diagnosticados de ACG por biopsia de arteria temporal en el periodo comprendido entre 1989 y 2001 en nuestro centro. Resultados: La incidencia anual aproximada calculada en nuestra área sería de 4,1 casos por 100.000 habitantes mayor de 50 años. La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 74 años y un 78,2% eran mujeres. El síntoma más frecuente al diagnóstico fue la cefalea (81,5%), seguido de las manifestaciones sistémicas (74,1%), a más distancia se encontraba la claudicación mandibular (32,7%), trastornos visuales (30,2%), manifestaciones isquémicas (17%). La polimialgia reumática se asoció a ACG en el 49,1%. La palpación de arteria temporal fue anormal en el 76,9% de los pacientes. La dosis media de inicio de tratamiento fue de 69 mg prednisona /dia, con una media de tiempo de reducción a mitad de dosis fue de 3,5 meses. Un 24,1% de los pacientes presentaron un rebrote durante el primer año. Un 38% de los pacientes presentaron complicaciones durante el tratamiento corticoideo. La VSG fue inferior a 50 mm en el 12,7% de los pacientes, existía anemia en el 37,7% y trombocitosis en el 32,1%. En estos últimos se detectó una tendencia a la relación con presencia de alteraciones visuales específicas. Conclusiones: La incidencia de ACG en nuestra área estaría dentro de las zonas de baja incidencia. Los resultados de nuestra serie no difieren de otras descritas previamente en la literatura en cuanto a las manifestaciones clínicas de los pacientes, existe un claro predominio del sexo femenino y se detecta una tendencia a la relación de alteraciones visuales específicas con presencia de trombocitosis.

Objective: Postmenopausal women have higher risk of cardiovascular events compared with premenopausal. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the atherogenic profile in apparently healthy postmenopausal women. Method: The subjects were 76 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45 to 59 years, and 15 premenopausal women with regular cycles, aged 40 to 45 years. 63 postmenopausal women completed the study. None of the participating women had a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or medications known to affect the cardiovascular system. Twenty seven postmenopausal women received daily 50 micrograms of transdermal estradiol and 100 milligrams of oral progesterone. Thirty six dit not receive HRT. Checkups were preformed at baseline and after six months of treatment, except the group of premenopausal women (only at baseline). Examinations consisted in measurement of body weight, length, waist/hip ratio and plasma levels of biochemical parameters. Results: Estradiol levels were higher among premenopausal women than among treated and non-treated postmenopausal women (83±78.47 versus 10±3.99; 12±4.56 mg/l, p<0.0001). Levels of serum cholesterol (198±30.2 versus 236±33.7; 228±32.8 mg/dl; p<0.002), LDL-cholesterol (120±25 versus 151±34.2; 144±31.5 mg/dl, p<0.02), uric acid (3.98±0.5 versus 4.6±1; 4.8±1 mg/dl, p<0.004) and homocysteine (9.8±3.3 versus 13±3.1; 11±1.7 mmol/l, p<0.02) were higher among postmenopausal women than among premenopausal women. The treated women showed higher levels of serum estradiol (49±34.43 versus 10±3.99, p<0.0001) and CRP (0.11±0.06 vs. 0.24±0.12 mg/l, p<0.05), lower waist/hip ratio (0.82±0.06 versus 0.83±0.05, p<0.03), glucose (78±15.4 versus 85±14.3 mg/dl, p<0.03), cholesterol (215±33.2 versus 236±33.7 mg/dl, p<0.03), triglicerides (90±30.1 versus 106±47 mg/dl, p<0.003) and calcium (9.4±0.4 versus 9.5±0.4 mg/dl, p<0.0005) than postmenopausal women without hormone replacement. Conclusion: That HRT may have a favourable effect on atherogenic profile in apparently healthy postmenopausal women.

Objetivo: El riesgo cardiovascular se eleva en la mujer tras la menopausia. Este estudio pretende comparar el perfil aterogénico de las mujeres postmenopáusicas respecto a las premenopáusicas y valorar la influencia que el tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo ejerce sobre dicho perfil aterogénico. Método: Se seleccionan 76 mujeres climatéricas de 45 a 59 años y 15 mujeres con ciclos menstruales regulares de 40 a 45 años. Concluyen el estudio 63 mujeres con menopausia natural, normotensas, no diabéticas que no habían recibido previamente tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo ni fármacos con efecto sobre el sistema cardiovascular. El grupo control lo forman 15 mujeres sanas con ciclos menstruales regulares, de 40 a 45 años. Reciben durante 6 meses tratamiento hormonal 27 mujeres (50 microgramos de estradiol transdérmico y 100 milígramos de progesterona oral) y no lo reciben 36 de ellas. Se realiza al inicio del estudio y a los 6 meses exploración física (peso, talla, índice cintura/cadera) y determinaciones analíticas (bioquímica general, estrógenos, homocisteína, cobre, fibrinógeno y proteína C reactiva). Al grupo control sólo se le realizan las exploraciones iniciales. Resultados: Los subgrupos de mujeres postmenopáusicas según reciban o no tratamiento hormonal, presentan al inicio del estudio niveles de estradiol inferiores al grupo control (10±3,99; 12±4,56 vs. 83±78,47 mg/l, p<0,0001) mientras que los niveles de colesterol total (236±33,7; 228±32,8 vs. 198±30,2 mg/dl, p<0,002), LDL-colesterol (151±34,2; 144±31,5 vs. 120±25 mg/dl, p<0,02), ácido úrico (4,6±1; 4,8±1 vs. 3,98±0,5mg/dl, p<0,04) y homocisteína (13±3,1; 11±1,7 vs. 9,8±3,3 mmol/l; p<0,02) son más elevados. En el subgrupo que recibe tratamiento hormonal, a los 6 meses del mismo, disminuye significativamente el índice cintura/cadera (0,83±0,05 vs. 0,82±0,06; p<0,03), los niveles de glucemia (85±14,3 vs. 78±15,4 mg/dl, p<0,03), colesterol total (236±33,7 vs. 215±33,2 mg/dl, p<0,03), triglicéridos (106±47 vs. 90±30,1mg/dl, p<0,003) y calcio (9,5±0,4 vs. 9,4±0,4 mg/dl, p<0,0005), y aumentan los de estrógenos (10±3,99 vs. 49±34,43 mg/l, p<0,0001) y de PCR (0,11±0,06 vs. 0,24±0,12 mg/l, p<0,05). Conclusión: El tratamiento hormonal sustitutivo parece mejorar el perfil aterogénico de la mujer postmenopáusica.

A estrutura génetica de uma população de Alberes, uma raça de gado dos Pirineus catalônicos (Espanha e França) em risco de extinção, foi analisada e caracterizada bioquimicamente. Noventa e dois indivíduos foram analisados para 5 loci genéticos polimórficos (Hb, Alb, Tf, Gc e Ptf2). Os animais foram agrupados de acordo com a cor do pêlo: variedade Fagina Alberes (N = 39) e Black Alberes (N = 53). As estruturas genéticas e as relações entre estas subpopulações e uma raça extra ("Bruna dels Pirineus") foram analisadas e comparadas pela estatística F. A endogamia na raça Alberes não foi significante, pois foram obtidos valores FIT e FIS negativos e não significantes. A diferenciação genética média entre as subpopulações dentro da raça Alberes foi 1,5% (FST = 0,015; P < 0,05), com um número efetivo de 4,1 indivíduos trocados entre as subpopulações por geração (fluxo de gene). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo confirmaram o perigo potencial de extinção da raça. A variedade Black Alberes é sugerida como o principal núcleo de conservação genética para esta raça, pois parece mostrar maior grau de isolamento genético em relação a outras populações estrangeiras.

We biochemically analyzed and characterized the genetic structure of a population in danger of extinction ,"Alberes", a local cattle breed of the Catalonian Pyrenees (Spain and France). Ninety-two individuals were analyzed for five polymorphic genetic loci (Hb, Alb, Tf, Gc and Ptf2). The animals were grouped according to coat color: Fagina Alberes variety (N = 39) and Black Alberes variety (N = 53). The genetic structures and relationships between these subpopulations and one "outgroup" breed ("Bruna dels Pirineus") were analyzed and compared by using F-statistics. We determined that inbreeding in the Alberes breed is not significant, since negative and nonsignificant FIT and FIS values were obtained. The average genetic differentiation between subpopulations within the Alberes breed was 1.5% (FST = 0.015; P < 0.05), with an effective number of 4.1 individuals exchanged between subpopulations per generation (gene flow). The results obtained in this study corroborate the potential danger of extinction of the breed. The Black Alberes variety is proposed as the principal nucleus of genetic conservation for this breed, as it seems to show a higher degree of genetic isolation from other foreign populations.

As relações entre 25 raças de cães, classificadas "a priori" pelos seus respectivos troncos ancestrais, foram estudadas usando-se dados de 29 características morfológicas e 13 comportamentais. Embora tenha sido encontrada uma certa correlação entre ambos os tipos de caracteres (r = 0.13; P < 0.05), esta relação não se manifestou, com relação ao nível de classificação racial, nos dendrogramas obtidos. As relações entre as raças obtidas dos dados morfológicos foram mais congruentes do que as obtidas dos dados comportamentais, quando comparadas com filogenias de outras fontes de informação (análise eletroforética, principalmente). Isso indica que os caracteres morfológicos poderiam fornecer informações complementares melhores e em maior número do que os caracteres comportamentais, na reconstrução das relações filogenéticas dos canídeos. A diferença média de caráter (MCD), usada como uma medida de semelhança taxonômica entre raças, teve um valor de 0,53 (± 0,12 desvios padrão) e foi de uma magnitude muito semelhante à obtida em outras espécies de animais domésticos (bovinos, eqüinos, ovinos e caprinos), indicando que existe um grau similar de diferenças morfológicas entre as raças destas espécies.

Relationships among 25 dog breeds, classified a priori by their respective ancestral trunks, were studied using data from 29 morphological and 13 behavioral characteristics. Although a certain correlation was found between both types of traits (r = 0.13; P < 0.05), this relationship was not manifested, regarding the level of racial classification, in the obtained dendrograms. The relationships between breeds obtained from morphological data were more congruent than those obtained from behavioral data when compared with phylogenies from other sources of information (mainly electrophoretic analysis). This indicates that the morphological characters could give more and better complementary information than the behavioral ones in the reconstruction of the phylogenetic relationships of canids. The mean character difference (MCD), used as a measure of taxonomic resemblance between breeds, had a value of 0.53 (± 0.12 STD), and was of a magnitude very similar to that obtained in other domestic animal species (cattle, horse, sheep and goats), indicating that a similar degree of morphological differences between breeds of these species exists.