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1.
Growth and body composition of juvenile curimatã-pacu (Prochilodus argenteus) fed diets with different protein: lipid ratios
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ABSTRACT Promising species for aquaculture need to have their nutritional requirements defined. Considering that protein is the most expensive macronutrient in aquaculture diets, the present study aimed to estimate the protein requirement of curimatãpacu fed with diets containing two lipid levels. Thus, eight experimental diets were formulated to contain 20, 25, 30 and 35% of crude protein (CP) associated to 11 and 15% of crude lipids (CL) were formulated, constituting a completely randomized factorial design (4 CP x 2 CL) with three replicates per treatment. The juveniles (3.6 ± 0.01 g) were fed daily with 6% of the biomass, three times a day (08:00, 12:00 and 16:00 h) for 70 days. The protein requirement was estimated by the combination of the broken line and quadratic regression models. The CP concentration in the diets was the only factor influencing (P < 0.05) the growth and feeding efficiency variables of the fish, without interaction (P > 0.05) with the CL level of the diets. The requirement for weight gain and fish feed efficiency was estimated at 32.5 and 34.5% CP. Protein retention decreased (P < 0.05) in proportion to CP elevation. Fish fed 15% CL had higher (P < 0.05) body lipid deposition. On the other hand, the increase of CP of the diets decreased (P < 0.05) lipid deposition in juveniles. Therefore, it is recommended that young curimatãpacu between 3 and 27 g in weight should be fed diets containing 32.5-34.5% CP and 11% of CL, equivalent to a protein: energy ratio of 22-23 mg kJ−1
https://doi.org/10.3856/vol47-issue1-fulltext-12
268 downloads
2.
Dating stalagmite from Caverna do Diabo (Devil´S Cave) by TL and EPR techniques
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WATANABE, SHIGUEO
; CANO, NILO F.
; RAO, T.K. GUNDU
; SILVA-CARRERA, BETZABEL N.
; CARMO, LUCAS S.
; QUINA, ANTONIO J.A.
; GENNARI, ROSELI F.
; MUNITA, CASIMIRO S.
; AYALA-ARENAS, JORGE S.
; FERNANDES, BRUNO G.
.
ABSTRACT A cylindrical fragment of stalagmite from Caverna do Diabo, State of São Paulo, Brazil, has been studied and dated by thermoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance techniques. The thermoluminescence glow curves of stalagmite samples and subsequently gamma irradiated, have shown rise of three peaks at 135, 180 and 265 °C. From electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of stalagmite was possible to clearly identify three paramagnetic centers in the g = 2.0 region: Centers I, II and III are due to , and , respectively. The additive method was applied to calculate the accumulated dose using thermoluminescence peak at 265 °C and the electron paramagnetic resonance signal at g = 1.9973 of CO- 2 radical. The ages of the different slices of stalagmite were determined from the Dac- values and Dan- value, obtaining an average of 86410 for central slice, 53421 for second slice, 31490 for third slice and 46390 years B.P. for the central region of upper end.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150755
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3.
The inclusión of distiller’s dried com grains with solubles in the feed of laying hens during the production stage
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Rodríguez-Ríos, Hernán E
; Campos-Parra, Jorge A
; Williams-Salinas, Pamela A
; Blanck-Heimann, Markus H
; Astudillo-Neira, Rita G
; Grande-Cano, Jesús D
.
H.E. Rodríguez-Ríos, J.A. Campos-Parra, P.A. Williams-Salinas, M.H. Blanck-Heimann, R.G. Astudillo-Neira, and J.D. Grande-Cano. 2015. The inclusion of distiller’s dried corn grains with solubles in the feed of laying hens during the production stage. Cien. Inv. Agr. 42(3): 331-339. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of distiller’s dried corn grains with solubles (DDGS) in the diet of laying hens on their productive parameters (live weight, laying percentage, and feed intake) and egg quality (egg weight, mass, yolk color and shell thickness). This study was conducted in the Andes Mountains in Parral, Chile. It covered a span of 13 weeks of productive egg laying, ranging from the 31st to the 44th week of life of the hens. The experimental design was a random complete block using 225 Hy-Line Brown breed hens, distributed in 5 treatments, where each treatment consisted of three repetitions in 15 hens. The treatments included replacing soybean concentrate with DDGS at levels that corresponded to inclusion in the diet of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The laying percentage, feed intake and feed conversion did not decrease with increasing levels of DDGS in the diet, but there was a slight decrease in egg weight and a lower egg mass. Yolk color increased with increasing levels of DDGS. The use of DDGS is possible as a replacement for soybean bran in levels up to 20% in the diet of laying hens without affecting their production, as demonstrated by the lack of significant differences among treatments in measured egg laying parameters
H.E. Rodríguez-Ríos, J.A. Campos-Parra, P.A. Williams-Salinas, M.H. Blanck-Heimann, R.G. Astudillo-Neira y J.D. Grande-Cano. 2015. Inclusión de granos secos de destilería con solubles en gallinas de postura en la alimentación durante la etapa de postura. Cien. Inv. Agr. 42(3): 331-339. El objetivo de este ensayo fue evaluar el uso de granos secos de destilería con solubles (DDGS) en la dieta de gallinas de postura en relación a los parámetros productivos (peso vivo, porcentaje de postura, consumo de alimento) y calidad del huevo (peso de huevo, masa, color de yema y grosor de la cáscara). Este estudio fue realizado en la Cordillera de los Andes, Comuna de Parral, Chile. Tuvo una duración de 13 semanas de postura, desde la semana 31 a la 44 de vida de las aves. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar, usando 225 gallinas de la raza Hy-Line Brown, distribuidas en 5 tratamientos, donde cada uno tuvo 15 repeticiones de 15 gallinas. El tratamiento consistió en el reemplazo en diferentes niveles del concentrado de soya por DDGS, que correspondieron a niveles de inclusión en la dieta de 5, 10, 15 y 20%. El color de la yema fue mayor con aportes incrementales de DDGS. Se concluye que el uso de DDGS es posible como reemplazo del afrecho de soya en niveles de hasta 20% en la dieta de gallinas de postura, debido a la falta de diferencias estadísticas entre tratamientos postura de huevos.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202015000300002
1548 downloads
4.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
5.
Probiotics protect the intestinal wall of morphological changes caused by malnutrition
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AZEVEDO, JORGE F. DE
; HERMES-ULIANA, CATCHIA
; LIMA, DIRLENE P.
; SANT'ANA, DÉBORA M.G.
; ALVES, GILBERTO
; ARAÚJO, EDUARDO J.A.
.
Objetivou-se analisar morfometricamente a parede do jejuno de ratos desnutridos proteicamente e suplementados com probióticos. Para tanto, 16 ratos (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar recém-desmamados foram distribuídos em quatro grupos: animais que receberam a dieta comercial (G1, n=4); animais que receberam a mesma ração do grupo G1 e que foram suplementados com probióticos (G2, n=4); animais que receberam uma dieta de com 4% de proteínas (G3, n=4); animais que receberam a mesma ração do grupo G3 e que foram suplementados com probióticos (G4, n=4). Após 12 semanas, parte do jejuno foi coletada e submetida à rotina de processamento histológico. Cortes transversais de 3 µm foram corados com HE e técnicas histoquímicas para evidenciação de glicoconjugados: Periodic Acid Schifff (PAS) + solução de diástase e Alcian Blue (AB) pH 2,5 e pH 1,0. A análise morfométrica da parede intestinal revelou que a cultura probiótica utilizada neste estudo provocou hipertrofia de vários estratos da parede jejunal de animais normonutridos e diminuiu a atrofia normalmente observada na parede intestinal de animais desnutridos proteicamente. Além disso, a desnutrição e o uso de probióticos não alteraram a relação entre o número de células caliciformes e o número de enterócitos.
This study sought to morphometrically analyze the jejunal wall of protein-malnourished rats administered a probiotic supplement. The sample consisted of recently weaned Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) distributed among four groups: animals given a commercial diet (G1, n = 4); animals given the same ration as G1 plus a probiotic supplement (G2, n = 4); animals given a 4% protein diet (G3, n = 4); and animals given the same ration as G3 plus a probiotic supplement (G4, n = 4). After 12 weeks, part of the jejunum was harvested and subjected to routine histological processing. Transverse sections with a thickness of 3 µm were stained with HE, and histochemical techniques were used to assay for glycoconjugates, including staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) + diastase, Alcian Blue (AB) solution at pH 2.5, and Alcian Blue solution at pH 1.0. Morphometric analysis of the bowel wall showed that the probiotic culture used in this study induced hypertrophy of several layers of the jejunal wall in well-nourished animals and reduced the bowel wall atrophy usually observed in protein-malnourished animals. Neither malnutrition nor the use of probiotics altered the relationship between the number of goblet cells and the number of enterocytes.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130224
8227 downloads
6.
Probiotics prevent growth deficit of colon wall strata of malnourished rats post-lactation
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Lima, Dirlene P.
; Azevedo, Jorge F. de
; Hermes-Uliana, Catchia
; Alves, Gilberto
; Sant'ana, Débora M.G.
; Araújo, Eduardo J.A.
.
Objetivou-se analisar morfometricamente os estratos da parede do cólon de ratos desnutridos e suplemen-tados com probióticos. Utilizaram-se 16 ratos (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar, recém-desmamados, distribuídos em quatro grupos: animais que receberam a ração comercial (G1, n = 4); animais que receberam a mesma ração do grupo G1 e que foram suplementados com probióticos (G2, n = 4); animais que receberam uma ração com 4% de proteínas (G3, n = 4); animais que receberam a mesma ração do grupo G3 e que foram suplementados com probióticos (G4, n = 4). Após 12 semanas, o cólon foi coletado e submetido a rotina de processamento histológico. Cortes de 3µm foram corados com H.E., Periodic Acid Schifff (P.A.S.) + solução de diástase e Alcian Blue (A.B.) pH 2,5 e pH 1,0. A análise morfométrica da parede intestinal revelou que a suplementação com a cultura probiótica ABT-4 previne o déficit de crescimento dos estratos da parede do cólon que normalmente ocorre em ratos desnutridos proteicamente pós-lactação. Além disso, não se observou alteração na proporção do número de células caliciformes em relação ao número de enterócitos nos ratos desnutridos, independentemente da suplementação com probióticos.
The objective of this study was to analyze morphometrically the colon wall strata of malnourished rats supplemented with probiotics. Sixteen recently weaned Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into four groups: animals that received commercial chow (G1, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G1 and were supplemented with probiotics (G2, n = 4); animals that received chow with 4% of proteins (G3, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G3 and were supplemented with probiotics (G4, n = 4). After 12 weeks, the proximal colon was collected and submitted to histological processing. Three-µm cuts were stained with H.E., Periodic Acid Schifff (P.A.S.) + diasthasis solution and Alcian Blue (A.B.) pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. The morphometric analysis of the intestinal wall showed that the supplementation with ABT-4 probiotic culture prevents the growth deficit of colon wall strata that normally occurs in malnourished rats right after lactation. Besides, no alteration was observed in the proportion of the number of globet cells in relation to the number of enterocytes in malnourished rats, regardless of the supplementation with probiotics.
3246 downloads
7.
Coexistence of anti-GBM antibodies and MPO-ANCA in a patient with systemic vasculitis and crescentic glomerulonephritis
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318 downloads
8.
Gordura protegida sobre o desempenho, carcaça e composição química da carne de novilhos holandês
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Jorge, J.R.V.
; Zeoula, L.M.
; Prado, I.N.
; Silva, R.R.
; Andrade, R.V.
; Macedo, L.M.A.
; Prado, J.M.
; Bublitz, E.E.
; Marques, J.A.
.
The objective of the present work was to evaluate intake, performance, carcass characteristics and chemical meat composition of Holstein steers. Forty eight castrated steers, with an average age of 24 months and an initial average weight of 405 kg, were used; they were distributed into a completely randomized set, with (WFR) or without (WTFR) fat inclusion in the diet and three slaughter weights (450, 510 and 600 kg), with eight repetitions. The inclusion of fat in the diet caused an effect (p<0.05) on the intake of dry matter, being 14.6 kg/day for WTFR and 13.5 kg/ day for WFR. The slaughter weights did not influence (p>0.05) the intake of nutrients. The daily average gain (1.12 kg/day), the feed conversation ratio (12.8 kg/kg gain), dressing percentage (47.8%), back fat thickness (4.82 mm), rib eye area (109.5 cm²) and rib eye area/100 kg of muscle (43.3 cm²/100 kg) were not affected by the fat inclusion or by the slaughter weights. Chilling loss was higher at slaughter at 450 kg as compared with the others (510 and 600 kg). There was no effect (p<0.05) of the fat inclusion on the contents of protein (22.76%), moisture (73.95%), fat (2.50%), and cholesterol (57.58 mg/100 g muscle).
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o consumo, desempenho, e características de carcaça e composição da carne de novilhos da raça Holandesa. Foram utilizados 48 novilhos castrados, com idade média de 24 meses e peso médio inicial de 405 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num fatorial 2x3, com (RCG) ou sem (RSG) inclusão de gordura na dieta e três pesos de abate (450, 510 e 600 kg), com oito repetições. Houve efeito (p<0,05) da inclusão de gordura no consumo de matéria seca, sendo 14,6 kg/dia para RSG e 13,5 kg/dia para RCG. Os pesos de abate não influenciaram (p>0,05) os consumos de nutrientes. O ganho médio diário (1,12 kg/dia), a conversão alimentar (12,8 kg/kg ganho), o rendimento de carcaça (47,8%), a espessura de gordura (4,82 mm), área de olho de lombo (109,5 cm²) e área de olho de lombo/100 kg de carcaça (43,3 cm²/100 kg) não foram afetadas pela inclusão de gordura ou pelos pesos de abate. A quebra no resfriamento foi maior para o abate com 450 kg do que para os demais (510 e 600 kg). Não houve efeito (p<0,05) da inclusão de gordura nos teores proteína (22,76%), umidade (73,95%), matéria graxa (2,50%) e colesterol (57,58 mg/100 g músculo).
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Cited 3 times in SciELO
9.
Mycelial glucoamylases produced by the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum strains 15.1 and 15.8: purification and biochemical characterization
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Ferreira-Nozawa, M.S.
; Rezende, J.L.
; Guimarães, L.H.S.
; Terenzi, H.F.
; Jorge, J.A.
; Polizeli, M.L.T.M.
.
Duas linhagens (15.1 e 15.8) do fungo termofílico Scytalidium thermophilum se mostraram produtoras de grandes quantidades de glucoamilases, com potencial aplicação industrial. A isoforma I de glucoamilase produzida pela linhagem 15.1 foi submetida seqüencialmente a cromatografia em colunas de DEAE-celulose e CM-celulose, sendo purificada 141 vezes com porcentagem de recuperação de 5,45%. A glucoamilase da linhagem 15.8 foi purificada 71 vezes através do uso de colunas de cromatografia de CM-celulose e Concanavalina A-sepharose com porcentagem de recuperação de 7,38%. Temperatura e pH ótimo foram de 50-60ºC e 5,0-6,0 respectivamente, utilizando-se amido e maltose como substratos. A glucoamilase de S. thermophilum 15.8 se mostrou mais estável (t50 > 60 min) que a de S. thermophilum 15.1 (t50 =11-15min) a 60ºC. As glucoamilases tiveram suas atividades enzimáticas aumentadas na presença de vários íons (ex: Mn2+, e Ca2+) e inibidas por β-mercaptoetanol. A glucoamilase da linhagem 15.1 apresentou um Km de 0,094 mg/ml e 0,029 mg/ml and Vmax de 202U/mg prot e 109U/mg prot, para amido e maltose respectivamente. A análise do produto da hidrólise de amido e maltose por TLC, demonstrou que o produto final era glucose, confirmando as características da enzima como glucoamilase. Diferenças entre as duas linhagens foram observadas com relação aos produtos formados tendo maltose como susbstrato, a linhagem 15.8 de S. thermophilum produziu maltotriose como produto final em contrate com a linhagem 15.1.
Two strains (15.1 and 15.8) of the thermophilic fungus Scytalidium thermophilum produced high levels of intracellular glucoamylases, with potential for industrial applications. The isoform I of the glucoamylase produced by 15.1 strain was sequentially submitted to DEAE-Cellulose and CM-Cellulose chromatography, and purified 141-fold, with 5.45% recovery. The glucoamylase of strain 15.8 was purified 71-fold by CM-Cellulose and Concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography, with 7.38% recovery. Temperature and pH optima were in the range of 50-60ºC and 5.0-6.0, respectively, using starch and maltose as substrates. The glucoamylase of S. thermophilum 15.8 was more stable (t50 > 60 min) than that of S. thermophilum 15.1 (t50= 11-15 min), at 60ºC. The glucoamylase activities were enhanced by several ions (e.g. Mn2+ and Ca2+) and inhibited by β-mercaptoethanol. The glucoamylase from 15.1 strain showed a Km of 0.094 mg/ml and 0.029 mg/ml and Vmax of 202 U/mg prot and 109 U/mg prot, for starch and maltose, respectively. The hydrolysis products of starch and maltose, analyzed by TLC, demonstrated glucose as end product and confirming the character of the enzyme as glucoamylase. Differences were observed in relation to the products formed with maltose as substrate between the two strains studied. S. thermophilum 15.8 formed maltotriose in contrast with S. thermophilum 15.1.
2719 downloads
10.
Papel del túbulo en la vasoconstricción renal inducida por ciclosporina
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Camaño Páez, S.
; Lázaro Fernández, A.
; Callejas Martínez, R.
; Lázaro Manero, J.A.
; Castilla Barba, M.
; Martín-Vasallo, P.
; Martínez Escandell, A.
; Tejedor Jorge, A.
.
Introduction: Cyclosporine (CyA) has proved to induce cell apoptosis on cultured proximal tubule cells. However, there is no much data about the in vivo functional consequences of this injury or the long time observed CyA-induced renal vasoconstriction. Material and Methods: In a swine model of subacute CyA nephrotoxicity (10 mg/ Kg. d x 15 days), we performed a right nephrectomy, followed by left renal artery, vein and ureter catheterisation. After inducing water diuresis, three clearance periods of 15 minutes were performed before and after a furosemide 1 mg/kg infusion. Plasma and urine electrolytes, blood gas, acid excretion, plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration, GFR, RPF, RBF, intra-renal vascular resistances, glomerular filtration pressure, distal Cl- delivery, water clearance and TTKG were measured or estimated on 7 control and 7 treated animals. Right kidney was processed for NaKATPase activity and immunostaining. Results: Treated animals presented detaching proximal cells, luminal blebbing and loss of tight junctions. Cortical but not medullar sodium pump was internalised and partially inactive. Treated animals showed much lower fractional excretions of Na+, with significantly higher distal fractional reabsorption of Cl-. Distal shift in fluid load resulted in a significant rise in renal O2 consumption, and odifications in the global renal estequiometry of Na+ transport/O2 uptake. Several consequences followed this situation: preglomerular resistances increased 3 times with only minor changes in postglomerular resistances and renal blood and plasma flow were significantly reduced. Furosemide partially reversed these effects. A slight increase in fractional filtration prevented GFR differences to become statistically significant. Conclusión: subacute CyA treatment even al doses not modifying GFR, may cause proximal tubule Na+ transport impairment, resulting in increased rates of distal delivery and absorption of fluid load. Renal uptake of O2 may be increased and tubule glomerular feedback should be expected to be activated. Absence of changes of GFR with furosemide is an early sign of CyA renal damage.
Introducción: Ciclosporina es el primero de una familia de potentes inmunosupresores con capacidad anticalcineurínica que, sin embargo, presentan como limitación terapéutica una nefrotoxicidad que puede aparecer desde periodos tempranos. Los primeros datos funcionales sugerían la existencia de vasoconstricción renal, si bien estudios posteriores han mostrado un efecto tóxico directo de ciclosporina sobre el túbulo proximal. Materiales y Métodos: En este artículo se presenta un modelo porcino de nefrotoxicidad por ciclosporina a medio plazo, analizándose los cambios hemodinámicos intrarrenales y las funciones tubulares, así como la relación entre ambos. Resultados: Ciclosporina produce específicamente una internalización e inactivación de la Na+, K+-ATPasa basolateral del túbulo proximal, determinando el desplazamiento axial de la carga filtrada hacia regiones distales (asa de Henle), con transportes activos más intensos y no modificados por ciclosporina. El resultado es un aumento en la reabsorción fraccional distal de cloro que condiciona un estímulo del "feed-back" túbulo glomerular, vasoconstricción aferente pero no eferente, aumento de las resistencias renales y caída de la presión intraglomerular. Furosemida restaura parcialmente la situación basal. La consecuencia inmediata es un aumento en el consumo de O2 por unidad de sodio trasportado. A nivel del túbulo colector no se observan cambios en la secreción de agua libre, pero la secreción de K+ parece limitada, y no se corrige al aumentar la oferta distal de sodio con furosemida, ni con aldosterona, cuyos valores fueron más altos en los animales tratados con ciclosporina. Conclusión: En resumen, el efecto vasoconstrictor de ciclosporina sobre el riñón se debe en parte a una retroalimentación túbulo glomerular activada por el desplazamiento de solutos filtrados de sus sitios de reabsorción proximal a otros sitos más distales. Las dietas con alto contenido en sodio pueden aumentar el efecto deletéreo de ciclosporina sobre el filtrado glomerular.
846 downloads
11.
Efeitos dos excessos de alumínio, cloro e manganês em dois cultivares de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
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Malavolta, E.
; Freitas Jr., E. de
; Andreola, F.
; Cavalcante, F.S.
; Solis, F.A.M.
; Fernandes, J.M.
; Santos, G.A,
; Bertoloti, G.
; Cabrini, H.M.
; Carvalho Fº, H.C.
; Rochelle, H.J.
; Vieira, I.M.S.
; Machado, I.S.
; Eimori, I.E.
; Andrioli, I.
; Ribeiro, I.S.
; Kaminski, J.
; Jorge, J.A.
; Carvalho, J.E.R.
.
Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz
- Journal Metrics
Dois cultivares de soja, Santa Rosa e UFV-1, foram cultivados em solução nutritiva na presença de excesso de alumínio, cloro e manganês. Além de provocar o aparecimento de sintomas foliares (cloro e manganês) ou radiculares (alumínio), os elementos em excesso causaram diminuições no crescimento e impediram a produção de vagens. A análise mineral das folhas mostrou a influência dos tratamentos na composição do tecido.
Two soybean cultivars, Santa Rosa and FV-1, were grown in nutrient solution in the presence of high concentrations of Al (24 ppm), CI (1750 ppm) and Mn (25 ppm). Observations, measurements and chemical analyses allowed for the following conclusions to be drawn: (1) symptoms of toxicity are in agreement with those described in the literatura; (2) the detrimental effect obeyed the decreasing order - Mn Al CI; (3) dry matter production by the variety UFV - 1 was relatively more affected by the treatments; (4) leaf analyses do not provide a reliable indication of the sensitivity of the two varieties to the high levels of the three elements in the substrate; (5) Ca/Al ratio in the roots keeps a good relationship with the relative tolerance of the two cultivas to excess Al in the medium.
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