Neste trabalho apresentamos uma breve discussão sobre a propagação de ondas mecânicas em meios elásticos, em particular ao longo de cordas e no ar. Os princípios básicos da propagação de ondas são ilustrados com o funcionamento de instrumentos musicais, tomando como exemplo um instrumento típico do estado da Bahia e conhecido por todos os brasileiros, o berimbau.

In this work it is discussed the wave propagation in an elastic medium, particularly along strings and the air. The basic principles of the wave propagation are presented, taking as an example case a typical instrument from the state of Bahia, well known by all Brazilians, the berimbau.

We study the evolution of cosmological magnetic fields in FRW models with curved spatial sections and outline a geometrical mechanism for their superadiabatic amplification on large scales. The mechanism operates within standard electromagnetic theory and applies to FRW universes with open spatial sections. We discuss the general relativistic nature of the effect and show how it modifies the adiabatic magnetic evolution by reducing the depletion rate of the field. Assuming a universe that is only marginally open today (i.e. for 1-omega0 ~ 10-2), we estimate the main features of the superadiabatically amplified residual field and find that is of astrophysical interest.

Large scale magnetic fields in galaxies are thought to be generated, by a mean field dynamo. In order to have generated the fields observed, the dynamo would have had to have operated for a sufficiently long period of time. However, magnetic fields of similar intensities to the one in our galaxy, are observed in high redshift galaxies, where a mean field dynamo would not have had time to produce the observed fields. MHD turbulence produces small scale magnetic fields at a faster rate than it does mean fields, which can diffuse toward larger scales. If the turbulence is helical, magnetic fields generated at small scales can become correlated over large scales. We study the evolution of magnetic field correlations in the first objects formed in the universe, due to the action of a turbulent, helical, stochastic dynamo, for redshifts 5 < z < 10. Ambipolar diffusion can play a significant role in this process due to the low level of ionization of the gas in the first objects. We show that for reasonable values of the parameters that characterize the turbulent plasma in the time interval considered, fields can grow to high intensities (~ muG), with large coherence lengths (~ 2 - 6 kpc).