Abstract An incubation study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding cow manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), city waste (CW) and triple super phosphate (TSP) on extractable P in a sandy loam acidic soil (Aquepts) and a silt loam alkaline soil (Fluvents). Phosphorus was added at a rate of 200 mg P kg−1 to the soil in the forms of CM, PM, CW and TSP. The soil was incubated at field capacity for 15, 30 and 60 days after which the P sources were extracted with Olsen, Kelowna, Mehlich-3, and Bray and Kurtz-II extractants. Regardless of the extractants and soils, after 15 days of incubation, the highest extractable P source was the TSP (88-97 mg kg-1 as Olsen P), and the lowest was the CW (11-15 mg kg-1 as Olsen P). The extractable P levels with the CM (41-48 mg kg-1 as Olsen P) and PM (71-73 mg kg-1 as Olsen P) were between the extractable P levels with the TSP and CW. Extractable P in the soils with the organic amendments increased slightly with increasing incubation time from 15 to 60 days. With the TSP, extractable P decreased sharply in the acidic soil, while it decreased gradually in the alkaline soil. In both soils, extraction efficiency was in the order of Bray and Kurtz-II> Mehlich-3> Kelowna>Olsen. The efficiency of the added P as measured by NaHCO3 increased with the organic amendments, while the efficiency decreased with the TSP with days of incubation. This study indicates that soil samples taken 30 days after the addition of CM and PM in the soil might reflect the most plant-available P.

RESUMO O estudo foi realizado utilizando pesos corporais em várias idades de gado Red Chittagong (RCC) em dois sistemas de manejo viz in-fazenda e em campo. Havia um total de 208 animais com peso corporal registrados de 2005 a 2013. O peso médio global ao nascimento (PN), aos 3 meses (3MWT), 6 meses (TC6), 9 meses (9MWT), 12 meses (12MWT), 15 meses (15MWT), 18 meses (18MWT), 21 meses (21MWT), 24 meses (24MWT), 27 meses (27MWT), 30 meses (30MWT) e 33 meses (33MWT) foi de 15,4 ± 0,15, 0,75 ± 30,5, 43,1 ± 1,03, 54,6 ± 1,77, 65,7 ± 2,34, 70,7 ± 2,72, 86,7 ± 4,33, 92,1 ± 3,71, 105,2 ± 4,43, 114,5 ± 5,04, 122,8 ± 4,71 e 101,8 ± 12,16 kg, respectivamente, na condição fazenda, enquanto os valores correspondentes de condição de campo foram 14,7 ± 0,24, 31,1 ± 0,53, 41,9 ± 0,78, 52,2 ± 0,98, 60,99 ± 1,12, 70,6 ± 1,66, 79,5 ± 2,04, 89,2 ± 2,61, 102,1 ± 4,01, 112,3 ± 3,81, 5,63 ± 128,4 e 100,7 ± 21,53 kg, respectivamente. O efeito de diferentes fatores não genéticos, tais como: sistema de gestão, sexo, paridade da barragem, estação de nascimento e ano de nascimento foram estimados no peso corporal em vários anos. Curvas de crescimento linear desde o nascimento até 33 meses de idade da RCC em dois sistemas de manejo mostraram uma tendência de aumento no peso corporal desde o nascimento até 30 meses de idade, com maior peso corporal atingida aos 30 meses de idade, e depois mostraram uma tendência gradual de declínio. Os resultados indicaram que RCC tem peso corporal e crescimento quase iguais em condições de campo e fazenda, o que significa sua igual adequação em ambos os sistemas de gestão.

ABSTRACT The study was carried out using body weights at several ages of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) performed on two management systems viz in-farm and in-field. There were a total of 208 animals whose body weights were recorded from 2005 to 2013. The overall average weight at birth (BW), 3-month (3MWT), 6-month (6MWT), 9-month (9MWT), 12-month (12MWT), 15-month (15MWT), 18-month (18MWT), 21-month (21MWT), 24-month (24MWT), 27-month (27MWT), 30-month (30MWT) and 33-month (33MWT) were 15.4 ± 0.15, 30.5 ± 0.75, 43.1 ± 1.03, 54.6 ± 1.77, 65.7 ± 2.34, 70.7 ± 2.72, 86.7 ± 4.33, 92.1 ± 3.71, 105.2 ± 4.43,114.5 ± 5.04,122.8 ± 4.71 and 101.8 ± 12.16 kg, respectively in farm condition while corresponding values field condition were 14.7 ± 0.24, 31.1 ± 0.53, 41.9 ± 0.78, 52.2 ± 0.98, 60.99 ± 1.12, 70.6 ± 1.66, 79.5 ± 2.04, 89.2 ± 2.61, 102.1 ± 4.01, 112.3 ± 3.81, 128.4 ± 5.63 and 100.7 ± 21.53 kg respectively. The effect of different non genetics factors such as management system, sex, parity of dam, season of birth and year of birth were estimated on body weight. Linear growth curves from birth to 33 months of age of RCC on two management systems showed an increasing trend in body weight from birth to 30 months of age with highest body weight attained at 30 months of age and afterwards showed a gradual declining trend. The results indicated that RCC has almost similar body weight and growth performance in farm and field conditions meaning their equal suitability in both management systems.

As análises de qualidade de Lençol de Água incluíram pH, EC, e os cations,(Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+ e As3+), aníons ( CO32-, HCO3-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43- e Cl-e TDS do noroeste do Bangladesh. As amostras continham Ca2+, Mg2+ e Na+ e como o cations dominante HCO3- e Cl foram os aníons dominantes. Segundo o TDS e valores de SAR, todas as amostras foram classificadas como categorias 'de água doce' e 'excelentes'. O SSP de todas as águas foi nas classes 'excelentes' e 'boas'. Todas as amostras foram dentro da classe 'suave' quanto à dureza com RSC 'conveniente'. Baseado As3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, SO42-, NO3- e Cl- - todas as amostras de lençol de água foram dentro do limite 'seguro' como água de bebida mas impróprias para algumas indústrias que emprega íons específicos.

Groundwater quality analyses included pH, EC, cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and As3+), anions (CO32-, HCO3-, NO3-, SO42-, PO43- and Cl-) and TDS of northwestern Bangladesh. The samples contained Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ as the dominant cations and HCO3- and Cl- were the dominant anions. Ratios of major cations and anions of water samples suggest the predominance of Ca and Mg-containing minerals over Na-containing minerals. According to TDS and SAR values, all samples were classed as 'freshwater' and 'excellent' categories. The SSP of all waters was under 'excellent' and 'good' classes. All samples were within 'soft' class regarding hardness with 'suitable' RSC. Based on As3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe3+, SO42-, NO3- and Cl- all groundwater samples were within the 'safe' limit for drinking but unsuitable for some industries for specific ions.