ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the combined use of ultrasound (US) and incorporation of micronized salt (MS) as a strategy for reducing sodium without affecting the quality of beef burgers. Ten treatments were manufactured with varying MS content (0.75 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 %) and ultrasound time (0, 5, and 10 min), with a control treatment manufactured at 1.5 % of regular salt without ultrasound. The beef burgers formulated with 0.75 % MS submitted to the US for 10 min (M0.75US10) reduced the salt content by 50 %, thereby efficiently maintaining texture profile (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness) and decreasing the cooking loss and diameter reduction compared to the control treatment. M0.75US10 treatment also preserved the color of samples after cooking, keeping myoglobin stable. Therefore, micronized salt coupled with ultrasound technology reduces sodium chloride content in beef burgers, enabling the application of clean technology to reduce sodium content in meat products efficiently.

Abstract Consumers are more demanding in relation to meat quality, developing new demands, such as increased shelf life and good sensory quality. The tenderness of the meat is one of the most important elements in the choice of the product, the modification in the intrinsic structure of the meat, for example, increase of the proteolysis and fragmentation of the myofibrils contribute to the improvement of the tenderness. However, it is necessary to develop technological strategies so that this ultrasound technology can be added to improve meat tenderness. Thus, the objective of this review was to know the main aspects of the use of ultrasound and acerola residue in meat tenderness. Overall, existing research demonstrates excellent prospects for this new redesign approach.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único (SNP) dos genes IGF1 (AF_017143.1:g.198C>T), MSTN (AF_320998.1:g.433C>A), MYOD1 (NC_007313:g.1274A>G) e MYF5 (NC_007303:g.1911A>G) nas características da carcaça e da carne em Nelore (Bos indicus) e Nelore x B. taurus. Trezentos animais foram genotipados e fenotipados para área de olho de lombo (REA), espessura de gordura na carcaça (BT), gordura intramuscular (IF), força de cisalhamento (SF) e índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (MFI). Os efeitos da substituição de alelos para cada SNP foram estimados por regressão dos fenótipos analisados sobre o número de cópias de um alelo em particular com uso de modelo linear geral. O polimorfismo do IGF1 foi não informativo nos animais Nelore. Nos animais cruzados, o alelo C do IGF1 foi associado à maior REA. No entanto, essa relação não se manteve significativa após a correção de Bonferroni para testes múltiplos. O alelo A do polimorfismo do MSTN mostrou-se ausente no gado Nelore e foi encontrado apenas em dois animais cruzados. Os polimorfismos do MYOD1 e do MYF5 foram pouco informativos nos animais Nelore com frequência do alelo G de 0, 097 e do alelo A de 0, 031, respectivamente. Esses marcadores não apresentam associações com as características analisadas na amostra total de animais avaliados.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes IGF1 (AF_017143.1:g.198C>T), MSTN (AF_320998.1:g.433C>A), MYOD1 (NC_007313:g.1274A>G) and MYF5 (NC_007303:g.1911A>G) on carcass and meat traits in Nelore (Bos indicus) and Nelore x B. taurus. A total of 300 animals were genotyped and phenotyped for rib eye area (REA), backfat thickness (BT), intramuscular fat (IF), shear force (SF) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI). The effects of allele substitution for each SNP were estimated by regression of the evaluated phenotypes on the number of copies of a particular allele using the general linear model. The polymorphism at IGF1 was non-informative in Nelore animals. In crossbred animals, the IGF1 C allele was associated with greater REA. However, this relation was not significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. The A allele of the MSTN polymorphism was absent in Nelore cattle and was only found in two crossbred animals. The polymorphisms of MYOD1 and MYF5 were little informative in Nelore animals with G allele frequency of 0.097 and A allele frequency of 0.031, respectively. These markers show no association with the analyzed traits in the total sample of evaluated animals.