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xButyagrus nabonnandii (Prosch.) Vorster (Arecaceae): a sterile and rare palm with variable morphology?
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Rosa, L. Z.

; Sant’Anna-Santos, B. F.

; Almeida, C. G. M.

; Kuhn, S. A.

; Hüther, C. M.

; Souza, V. Q.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e271366

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract ×Butyagrus nabonnandii (Prosch.) Vorster is known as mule palm due to sterility, but recently, its pollen has been successfully used in backcrosses. It was first described as an artificial cross between Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman and Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick in 1890. It has been considered rare in nature, and its morphology has been little studied. Thus, we aimed to verify if ×B. nabonnandii is sterile by studying its morphology and seed germination from different natural populations. The hybrid was sampled in four municipalities and is new to three of these. In one of the visited cities, 20 specimens were counted. The vegetative morphology showed less variation than the reproductive. However, part of the vegetative characters differed from previous descriptions relying solely on cultivated specimens. Contrary to previous reports, our data indicate that ×Butyagrus nabonnandii is neither rare nor infertile. Seed germination rates of ×B. nabonnandii are low due to seed predation by beetle larvae and seedless fruit production, which is also observed in the genera of the parental species. Furthermore, as in its parents, the morphology of the hybrid is complex, and future anatomical and molecular approaches are important for a better delimitation and understanding of the biology of ×B. nabonnandii.

Resumo ×Butyagrus nabonnandii (Prosch.) Vorster é conhecida como palmeira-mula por ser considerada estéril, apesar de ter sido utilizada com sucesso em retrocruzamentos. O híbrido resulta do cruzamento entre Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman e Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick, é tido como raro e possui morfologia pouco estudada. Objetivou-se estudar a morfologia de ×B. nabonnandii e verificar sua esterilidade através da germinação de suas sementes a partir de diferentes populações naturais. O híbrido foi registrado em quatro municípios sendo, em três desses, de ocorrência inédita. Em um dos municípios visitados, foram contabilizados 20 espécimes. A morfologia vegetativa apresentou menor variação do que a reprodutiva. Entretanto, parte dos caracteres morfológicos vegetativos diferem do descrito na literatura para espécimes cultivados. Nossos dados indicam que além de não ser raro, o híbrido é fértil. As taxas de germinação das sementes de ×B. nabonnandii são baixas devido à predação das sementes por larvas de besouros, além da produção de frutos sem sementes, o que também ocorre nos gêneros das espécies progenitoras. Além disso, assim como em seus parentais, a morfologia do híbrido é complexa, sendo importantes futuros estudos anatômicos e moleculares para uma melhor delimitação e compreensão da biologia de ×B. nabonnandii.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.271366

Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)
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Koeppel, Katja N.

; Geertsma, Peter

; Kuhn, Brian F.

; van Schalkwyk, Ockert L.

; Thompson, Peter N.

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

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2022, Volume 89 N. 1 Pages 1 - 9

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two trials were carried out to investigate antibody responses to the oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG® in black-backed jackals under captive and free-ranging conditions. In captive jackals 10/12 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52% - 98%), seroconverted after single oral vaccination. Nine captive jackals had protective antibody titres (> 0.5 IU/mL) at 4 weeks (median: 2.1 IU/mL; inter quartile range [IQR]: 0.6-5.7) and 10 jackals had at 12 weeks (median: 3.5 IU/mL; IQR: 1.5-8.3) and three maintained antibody titres for up to 48 weeks (median: 3.4 IU/mL; IQR: 2.0-6.3). Four sites were baited with Raboral V-RG® vaccine for wild jackals, using fishmeal polymer and chicken heads. Baits were distributed by hand or from vehicle at three sites in north-eastern South Africa, with an average baiting density of 4.4 baits/km² and at one site in central South Africa, at 0.12 baits/km². This resulted in protective antibody titres in 3/11 jackals (27%; 95% Cl: 6-61) trapped between 3 and 12 months after baiting in north-eastern South Africa, compared with 4/7 jackals (57%; 95% Cl: 18-90) trapped after 3-18 months in central South Africa. This study shows the potential utility of oral rabies vaccination for the control of wildlife-associated rabies in north-eastern and central South Africa, but extensive studies with wider distribution of bait are needed to assess its potential impact on rabies control in wild jackals.

https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v89i1.1975 24 downloads

COVID-19 in the Perioperative Period of Cardiovascular Surgery: the Brazilian Experience
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Gomes, Walter J.

; Rocco, Isadora

; Pimentel, Wallace S.

; Pinheiro, Aislan H. B.

; Souza, Paulo M. S.

; Costa, Luiz A. A.

; Teixeira, Marjory M. P.

; Ohashi, Leonardo P.

; Bublitz, Caroline

; Begot, Isis

; Moreira, Rita Simone L

; Hossne Jr, Nelson A.

; Vargas, Guilherme F.

; Branco, João Nelson R.

; Teles, Carlos A.

; Medeiros, Eduardo A. S.

; Sáfadi, Camila

; Rampinelli, Amândio

; Moratelli Neto, Leopoldo

; Rosado, Anderson Rosa

; Mesacasa, Franciele Kuhn

; Capriata, Ismael Escobar

; Segalote, Rodrigo Coelho

; Palmieri, Deborah Louize da Rocha Vianna

; Jardim, Amanda Cristina Mendes

; Vianna, Diego Sarty

; Coutinho, Joaquim Henrique de Souza Aguiar

; Jazbik, João Carlos

; Coutinho, Henrique Madureira da Rocha

; Kikuta, Gustavo

; Almeida, Zely Sant'Anna Marotti de

; Feguri, Gibran Roder

; Lima, Paulo Ruiz Lucio de

; Franco, Anna Carolina

; Borges, Danilo de Cerqueira

; Cruz, Felipe Ramos Honorato De La

; Croti, Ulisses Alexandre

; Borim, Bruna Cury

; Marchi, Carlos Henrique De

; Goraieb, Lilian

; Postigo, Karolyne Barroca Sanches

; Jucá, Fabiano Gonçalves

; Oliveira, Fátima Rosane de Almeida

; Souza, Rafael Bezerra de

; Zilli, Alexandre Cabral

; Mas, Raul Gaston Sanchez

; Bettiati Junior, Luiz Carlos

; Tranchesi, Ricardo

; Bertini Jr, Ayrton

; Franco, Leandro Vieira

; Fernandes, Priscila

; Oliveira, Fabiana

; Moraes Jr, Roberto

; Araújo, Thiago Cavalcanti Vila Nova de

; Braga, Otávio Penna

; Pedrosa Sobrinho, Antônio Cavalcanti

; Teixeira, Roberta Tavares Barreto

; Camboim, Irla Lavor Lucena

; Gomes, Eduardo Nascimento

; Reis, Pedro Horigushi

; Garcia, Luara Piovan

; Scorsioni, Nelson Henrique Goes

; Lago, Roberto

; Guizilini, Solange

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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dec 2021, Volume 36 N. 6 Pages 725 - 735

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: We investigated the clinical course and outcomes of patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery in Brazil and who had developed symptoms/signs of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the perioperative period. Methods: A retrospective multicenter study including 104 patients who were allocated in three groups according to time of positive real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2): group 1, patients who underwent cardiac surgery > 10 days after positive RT-PCR; group 2, patients with a positive RT-PCR within 10 days before or after surgery; group 3, patients who presented positive RT-PCR > 10 days after surgery. The primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes were postoperative complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and postoperative days of hospitalization. Results: The three groups were similar with respect to age, the European System of Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation score, and comorbidities, except hypertension. Postoperative complications and death were significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1, and no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 was seen. Group 2 showed a high prevalence of surgery performed as an urgent procedure. Although no significant differences were observed in ICU length of stay, total postoperative hospitalization time was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: COVID-19 affecting the postoperative period of patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery is associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Delaying procedures in RT-PCR-positive patients may help reduce risks of perioperative complications and death.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2021-0960

EXTRACTION OF RICE BRAN OIL USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2 COMBINED WITH ULTRASOUND
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Soares, Juliana F.

; Prá, Valéria Dal

; Barrales, Francisco Manuel

; Santos, Philipe dos

; Kuhn, Raquel C.

; Rezende, Camila A.

; Martínez, Julian

; Mazutti, Marcio A.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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jun 2018, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 785 - 794

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Rice bran oil (RBO) contains oryzanol and tocopherols. Its recovery was performed using conventional techniques with toxic solvents that leave residues in the final product. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been used, obtaining high global yields without residual solvent. This work proposes to use ultrasound to enhance the kinetics of the RBO extraction using supercritical CO2. The factors considered were ultrasound power (160 to 320 W) and sonication time (40 to 120 min), at 40 ºC and 25 MPa. The best condition (160 W / 40 min) resulted in a 12.65 wt% extraction yield. When ultrasound was not used, the global yield dropped to 9.94 wt%, representing an increase of 27% of global yield due to ultrasound application. This increase can be assigned to the vibration effect promoted by the ultrasonic waves at the interfaces between the solid matrix and solvent. The extracts showed antioxidant activity towards the DPPH radical achieving values around 70% of inhibition. Precursors of oryzanol (campesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and 4-methylenecycloartanol) were identified in the SC-CO2 + US extracts. The results presented herein showed that SC-CO2 + US is a promising technology to be employed for the extraction of bioactive compounds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20180352s20160447 1559 downloads

Microencapsulation of essential thyme oil by spray drying and its antimicrobial evaluation against Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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Tomazelli Júnior, O.

; Kuhn, F.

; Padilha, P. J. M.

; Vicente, L. R. M.

; Costa, S. W.

; Boligon, A. A.

; Scapinello, J.

; Nesi, C. N.

; Dal Magro, J.

; Castellví, S. Lamo

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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may 2018, Volume 78 N. 2 Pages 311 - 317

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar o potencial antibacteriano do óleoessencial de tomilho sobre V. alginolyticus e V. parahaemolyticys e produzir microcápsulas através do processo de secagem por aspersão (spray dryer). Os compostos químicos do óleo essencial de tomilho e das microcápsulas foram identificados e quantificadaos. Foi preparada uma emulsão de óleo em água (O/A) e em seguida foram produzidas microcápsulas em um spray dryer utilizando-se óleo essencial de tomilho e maltodextrina como material de parede na proporção de 1:4 respectivamente. Entre os vários compostos identificados, o timol apresentou maior concentração. O óleo essencial de tomilho e as microcápsulas exibiram atividade antibacteriana sobre V. parahaemolyticus e V. alginolyticus. O processo de secagem por aspersão não afetou a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de tomilho.

Abstract The aims of this research were first, to evaluate the antibacterial potential of commercial thyme essential oil against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticys and second, using the spray drying technique to produce microcapsules. chemical compounds of thyme oil and microcapsules were identified and quantified being thymol the chemical component present at the highest concentration. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and the microcapsules were obtained with a spray dryer using maltodextrin as wall material (ratio 1:4). Thyme oil and the microcapsules exhibited antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The spray drying process did not affect the antimicrobial activity of thyme essentialoil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.08716 3129 downloads

Straightforward and Clean Ultrasound-Promoted Synthesis of 2-(4,5-Dihydro‑1H‑pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidines
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Kuhn, Bruna P.

; Malavolta, Juliana L.

; Casagrande, Gleison A.

; Raminelli, Cristiano

; Quina, Frank H.

; Pereira, Claudio M. P.

; Flores, Alex F. C.

; Pizzuti, Lucas

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jun 2015, Volume 26 N. 6 Pages 1306 - 1312

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A series of twelve novel 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)pyrimidine derivatives was easily obtained under ultrasonic conditions by the cyclocondensation reaction of 1-carboxamidino-pyrazoles with 4-methoxyvinyl-trifluoromethyl ketones using ethanol as an environment-friendly solvent in the presence of potassium hydroxide. Comparison of the ultrasound-promoted reaction with classical methodology shows that the former is faster and gives better yield. The products were isolated in excellent purity grades without purification by chromatography or recrystalization.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150078 957 downloads

Glucose obtained from rice bran by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis
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Sfalcin, P

; Lunelli, F. C

; Maleski, T. P. S

; Foletto, V. S

; Souza, M

; Zimmermann, E

; Dal Prá, V

; Foletto, E. L

; Kuhn, R. C

; Mazutti, M. A

Ingeniería e Investigación

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may 2015, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 61 - 66

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

En este trabajo se investigó la hidrólisis enzimática de salvado de arroz por ultrasonido para obtener glucosa. Se evaluaron variables del proceso tales como la temperatura, la concentración de enzima y la humedad para la hidrólisis enzimática con y sin la aplicación de la irradiación ultrasónica. La enzima utilizada fue una mezcla de amilasa de Trichoderma reesei. Se evaluó la cinética de la hidrólisis enzimática de salvado de arroz en el período constante de la velocidad de reacción. Los mejores resultados para la hidrólisis enzimática con la aplicación de ultrasonidos fueran utilizando 3% de enzima, 60 ° C y 65% de humedad, el rendimiento obtenido fue 0,38 g de azúcar / g de salvado de arroz, mientras que el más alto rendimiento de la hidrólisis en ausencia de ultrasonido fue 0,20 g de azúcar / g de salvado de arroz utilizando 3 % de enzima, 60 ° C y 50 % de humedad. El uso de ultrasonido mejora la hidrólisis enzimática permitiendo obtener 74 % más azúcares fermentables que en la ausencia de ultrasonidos, lo que demuestra que el uso de ultrasonido es una promisora tecnología que se puede utilizar en las reacciones enzimáticas y como una alternativa de intensificación de procesos.

In this work ultrasound-assisted solid-state enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran to obtain fermentable sugars was investigated. For this purpose, process variables such as temperature, enzyme concentration and moisture content were evaluated during the enzymatic hydrolysis with and without ultrasound irradiation. The enzyme used is a blend of amylases derived from genetically modified strains of Trichoderma reesei. Kinetic of the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran at the constant-reaction rate period were measured. The best results for the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis was obtained using 3 wt % of enzyme, 60 ºC and moisture content of 65 wt %, yielding 0.38 g sugar/g rice bran, whereas for the hydrolysis in the absence of ultrasound the highest yield was 0.20 g sugar/g rice bran using 3 wt % of enzyme, 60 ºC and moisture content of 50 wt % . The use of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of rice bran was intensified, obtaining around 74 % more fermentable sugar than in the absence, showing that the use of ultrasound is a promising technology to be used in enzymatic reaction as an alternative of process intensification.

https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v35n2.49710 1603 downloads

Regiospecific synthesis of new fatty N-acyl trihalomethylated pyrazoline derivatives from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)
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Beck, Paulo

; Santos, Juliane M. dos

; Kuhn, Bruna L.

; Moreira, Dayse N.

; Flores, Alex F. C.

; Martins, Marcos A. P.

; D'Oca, Marcelo G. M.

; Piovesan, Luciana A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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nov 2012, Volume 23 N. 11 Pages 2122 - 2127

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Uma série de novas pirazolinas N-acil trialometiladas derivadas de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos foi sintetizada por reação de ciclocondensação entre hidrazidas graxas e 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-trialometil-3-alquen-2-onas. Ciclizações eficientes e regioespecíficas catalisadas por BF3·MeOH levaram aos produtos desejados em rendimentos de bons a excelentes e alto grau de pureza.

A series of new fatty N-acyl trihalomethylated pyrazoline derivatives from fatty acid methyl esters was synthesized by the cyclocondensation of respective fatty hydrazides with 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trialomethyl-3-alquen-2-ones. Efficient and regiospecific cyclizations catalyzed by BF3·MeOH gave the desired products in good to excellent yields and at high purity.

1754 downloads

3D techniques and fossil identification: an elephant shrew hemi-mandible from the Malapa site
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Val, Aurore

; Carlson, Kristian J.

; Steininger, Christine

; Kibii, Job M.

; Churms, Cecil

; Kuhn, Brian F.

; Berger, Lee R.

South African Journal of Science

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2011, Volume 107 N. 11-12 Pages 01 - 05

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Conventional methods for extracting fossilised bones from calcified clastic sediments, using air drills or chemical preparations, can damage specimens to the point of rendering them unidentifiable. As an alternative, we tested an in silico approach that extended preparation and identification possibilities beyond those realisable using physical methods, ultimately proving to be crucial in identifying a fragile fossil. Image data from a matrix-encased hemi-mandible of a micromammal that was collected from the Plio-Pleistocene site of Malapa, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa, were acquired using microtomography. From the resultant images, a 3D rendering of the fossil was digitally segmented. Diagnostic morphologies were evaluated on the rendering for comparison with extant comparative specimens, positively identifying the specimen as an elephant shrew (Elephantulus sp.). This specimen is the first positively identified micromammal in the Malapa faunal assemblage. Cutting-edge in silico preparation technology provides a novel tool for identifying fossils without endangering bone integrity, as is commonly risked with physical preparation.

1257 downloads

10.

In vitro evaluation of triazenes: DNA cleavage, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia cells
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Domingues, Vanessa O.

; Hörner, Rosmari

; Reetz, Luiz G. B.

; Kuhn, Fábio

; Coser, Virgínia M.

; Rodrigues, Jacqueline N.

; Bauchspiess, Rita

; Pereira, Waldir V.

; Paraginski, Gustavo L.

; Locatelli, Aline

; Fank, Juliana de O.

; Giglio, Vinícius F.

; Hörner, Manfredo

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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dec 2010, Volume 21 N. 12 Pages 2226 - 2237

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As diazoaminas assimétricas 1-(2-clorofenil)-3-(4-carboxifenil)triazeno (1), 1-(2-fluorofenil)-3-(4-carboxifenil)triazeno (2) e 1-(2-fluorofenil)-3-(4-amidofenil)triazeno (3) foram avaliadas quanto à capacidade de clivagem do DNA plasmidial pUC18 e pBSKII, atividade antibacteriana e citotoxicidade in vitro frente a células de leucemia mielóide aguda e leucócitos normais utilizando o bioensaio da redução do sal brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio (MTT). Os triazenos analisados demonstraram capacidade de clivagem dos dois tipos de DNA plasmidial: triazeno 1 em pH 8,0 e 50 ºC; triazeno 2 em pH 6,5 a 37 e 50 ºC; triazeno 3 em pH 6,5 e 37 ºC. Os compostos apresentaram atividade citotóxica frente a células leucêmicas. O composto 1 mostrou alta atividade frente a B. cereus (CIM = 32 mg mL-1). A associação molecular através de ligações de hidrogênio no estado sólido do composto 3 com base na análise estrutural por difratometria de raios X em monocristal, bem como os resultados das análises espectroscópicas nas regiões do IV e UV-Vis dos compostos 1, 2 e 3 são discutidos no presente trabalho

The asymmetric diazoamines 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)triazene (1), 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)triazene (2) and 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-(4-amidophenyl)triazene (3) were evaluated for their ability to cleave pUC18 and pBSKII plasmid DNA, antibacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia cells and normal leukocytes using the bioassay of reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The triazenes showed ability to cleave the two types of plasmid DNA: triazene 1 at pH 8.0 and 50 ºC; triazene 2 at pH 6.5 and 37 and 50 ºC; triazene 3 at pH 6.5 and 37 ºC. The compounds presented cytotoxic activity against myeloid leukemia cells. Compound 1 showed high activity against B. cereus (MIC = 32 mg mL-1). The observation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the solid state of compound 3, based on the structural analysis by X-ray crystallography, as well as the results of IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic analyses of compounds 1, 2 and 3 are discussed in the present work.

2989 downloads

11.

Produtividade e resistência óssea de poedeiras suplementadas com Allzyme® SSF nas dietas
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Gentilini, F.P.

; Silva, R.A.G. da

; Nunes, P.M.

; Gonçalves, F.M.

; Kuhn, C.

; Anciuti, M.A.

; Rutz, F.

Archivos de Zootecnia

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dec 2009, Volume 58 N. 224 Pages 645 - 653

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

During 280 days, a study was run to evaluate the rol of an enzyme complex (Allzyme® SSF) in terms of dietary energy reformulation on productive performance, egg quality and bone strength. 384 Hisex Brown layers divided in 10 productive cycles were used. A completely randomized experimental design was used and treatments consisted of T1: basal diet (control); T2: basal diet + Allzyme® SSF (reformulated to 120 kcal ME/kg); T3: basal diet + Allzyme® SSF (reformulated to 90 kcal ME/ kg); T4: basal diet + Allzyme® SSF (reformulated to 60 kcal ME/kg); T5: basal diet + Allzyme® SSF (reformulated to 30 kcal EM/kg) and T6: basal diet + Allzyme® SSF (on top). Dietary treatments were a corn-soybean meal diet, with the inclusion of do Allzyme® SSF (150 g/t). Evaluated variables were feed intake (CR), daily egg production (PDOV), feed conversion (CADZ, feed/dozen eggs), body weight (PC), body weight variation (PVPC), egg weight (POV), specific gravity (GE), egg yolk colour (CG), Haugh units (UH), albumen weight (PCL), Yolk weight (PG), shell weight (PCS), shell thickness (ECS) and bone strength (RO). Data were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey test to separate the means (5%) and simple and multiple contrasts analysis. Birds fed T6 showed lower egg weight and albumen weight. The remaining variables were not affected by dietary treatments. These results indicate that adding Allzyme® SSF on top of a diet brings about a reduction in consumption, without affecting egg production and bone strength.

Durante 280 dias, divididos em 10 ciclos produtivos, utilizando 384 poedeiras Hisex Brown, desenvolveu-se um estudo objetivando-se avaliar a contribuição de um complexo enzimático (Allzyme® SSF) com diferentes níveis de valorização energética na dieta sobre o desempenho produtivo, a qualidade dos ovos e a resistência óssea. O delineamento utilizado foi o completamente casualizado, sendo os seguintes tratamentos: T1: dieta basal (controle); T2: dieta basal + Allzyme® SSF (valorizado em 120 kcal EM/ kg); T3: dieta basal + Allzyme® SSF (valorizado em 90 kcal EM/kg); T4: dieta basal + Allzyme® SSF (valorizado em 60 kcal EM/kg); T5: dieta basal + Allzyme® SSF (valorizado em 30 kcal EM/kg) e T6: dieta basal + Allzyme® SSF (sem valorização energética - on top). Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas a base de milho e farelo de soja, com a inclusão do Allzyme® SSF na matriz nutricional das dietas (150 g/t). Foram avaliadas as variáveis de desempenho consumo de ração (CR), produção diária de ovos (PDOV), conversão alimentar por dúzia (CADZ), peso corporal (PC) e variação do peso corporal (VPC); as variáveis de qualidade dos ovos peso dos ovos (POV), gravidade específica (GE), coloração da gema (CG), unidade Haugh (UH), peso da clara (PCL), peso da gema (PG), peso da casca (PCS) e espessura da casca (ECS); e, a resistência óssea (RO). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando análise de variância a 5% de probabilidade e teste Tukey, e análise de contrastes simples e múltiplo. Observou-se um menor CR nas aves do T6, que tiveram também diminuídos o POV e PCL. As demais variáveis não sofreram efeito dos trata-mentos. Concluiu-se que o Allzyme® SSF quando adicionado on top propiciou redução no consumo, mas manteve a produção e a resistência óssea.

293 downloads

12.

Precipitação sazonal sobre a Amazônia oriental no período chuvoso: observações e simulações regionais com o RegCM3
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Souza, Everaldo B. de

; Lopes, Marcio N.G.

; Rocha, Edson J.P. da

; Souza, J. Ricardo S. de

; Cunha, Alan C. da

; Silva, Renato R. da

; Ferreira, Douglas B.S.

; Santos, Daniel M.

; Carmo, Alexandre M.C. do

; Sousa, J. Raimundo A. de

; Guimarães, Paulo L.

; Mota, M. Aurora S. da

; Makino, Midori

; Senna, Renato C.

; Sousa, Adriano M.L.

; Mota, Galdino V.

; Kuhn, Paulo A.F.

; Souza, Paulo F. de S.

; Vitorino, M. Isabel

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia

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jun 2009, Volume 24 N. 2 Pages 111 - 124

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente trabalho apresenta uma contribuição aos estudos de modelagem climática com ênfase na variabilidade pluviométrica sazonal da Amazônia oriental, durante as estações de verão e outono (DJF e MAM). Baseado nos resultados das simulações regionais do RegCM3 para um período de 26 anos (1982/83 a 2007/08) e usando domínio em alta resolução espacial (30 Km) e dois diferentes esquemas de convecção (Grell e MIT), foi investigado o desempenho do modelo em simular a distribuição regional de precipitação sazonal na Amazônia oriental, com referência a um novo conjunto de dados observacional compilado com informações de uma ampla rede integrada de estações pluviométricas. As análises quantitativas evidenciaram que o RegCM3 apresenta erros sistemáticos, sobretudo aqueles relacionados com viés seco no Amapá e norte/nordeste do Pará usando ambos os esquemas Grell e MIT, os quais apontam que o modelo não reproduz as características da ZCIT sobre o Atlântico equatorial. As simulações usando MIT, também apresentaram viés úmido no sudoeste/sul/sudeste do Pará e norte do Tocantins. Além disso, através da técnica de composições, também foi investigado o desempenho do RegCM3 em reproduzir os padrões espaciais anômalos de precipitação sazonal em associação aos episódios ENOS, e as fases do gradiente térmico sobre o Atlântico intertropical. Os resultados demonstraram que o modelo conseguiu representar realisticamente bem o padrão espacial das anomalias pluviométricas acima (abaixo) do normal em grande parte da Amazônia oriental, durante os conhecidos cenários favoráveis, i.e., condições de La Niña e gradiente de aTSM para o Atlântico sul (desfavoráveis, i.e., El Niño e gradiente de aTSM para o Atlântico norte).

This paper presents a contribution on the climate modelling studies with emphasis on seasonal rainfall variability in eastern Amazonia, during the austral summer and autumn seasons (DJF and MAM). Based on RegCM3 regional climate simulations for a 26 years period (1982/83 to 2007/08) using high resolution domain scale (30 km) and two different convection schemes (Grell and MIT), it was investigated the model performance to simulate the regional pluviometric distribution in eastern Amazon, with reference to a new observational data base containing regional aspects extracted from a dense rain gauge station network. The quantitative analysis showed that RegCM3 presents systematic errors, especially those related to the dry bias in the Amapá and north/northeast of Pará using both schemes Grell and MIT, which indicate that the model does not reproduce ITCZ characteristics over equatorial Atlantic. The simulations using MIT also indicated wet bias in the southwest/south/southeast of Pará and north of Tocantins. Moreover, through composites technique, it was also investigated RegCM3 response to reproduce the anomalous spatial rainfall patterns in association with ENSO episodes and interhemispheric SSTa gradient phases across the intertropical Atlantic. The results showed that the model represented realistically well the spatial pattern related to the rainfall anomalies above (below) than normal in most of eastern Amazonia, during the known favourable scenarios, i.e., La Niña and south Atlantic SSTa gradient (unfavourable, i.e., El Niño and north Atlantic SSTa gradient).

7631 downloads

13.

A partial skull of Paranthropus robustus from Cooper's Cave, South Africa
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Steininger, Christine

; Berger, Lee R.

; Kuhn, Brian F.

South African Journal of Science

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apr 2008, Volume 104 N. 3-4 Pages 143 - 146

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

A partial hominin skull (COB 101) was identified in the fossil collections of the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, attributed to the Cooper's Cave site in South Africa. The find represents the most complete hominin specimen recovered from localities at this site to date. COB 101 comprises the supraorbital, zygomatic, infraorbital and nasoalveolar regions of the right side, and the right upper third premolar. The specimen has undergone post-depositional distortion that resulted in the flattening of the facial structures. Here we describe and compare COB 101 with other hominin material from Africa and find that this specimen shares numerous diagnostic features with Paranthropus robustus. The discovery of COB 101 augments the number of specimens attributed to this species from other South African sites and other Cooper's Cave localities.

2360 downloads

14.

Expression of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 coat protein gene in Escherichia coli and production of polyclonal antibodies
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Fajardo, Thor V.M.

; Barros, Danielle R.

; Nickel, Osmar

; Kuhn, Gilmar B.

; Zerbini, F. Murilo

Fitopatologia Brasileira

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dec 2007, Volume 32 N. 6 Pages 496 - 500

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), a principal espécie viral do complexo do enrolamento da folha da videira (Vitis spp.), causa reduções no rendimento e na qualidade da uva. O gene da proteína capsidial foi amplificado via RT-PCR a partir de RNA total, extraído de folhas de videira infectadas. O fragmento amplificado foi clonado e completamente seqüenciado. Em seguida, o fragmento foi subclonado no vetor de expressão pRSET-C. O plasmídeo recombinante foi utilizado para a expressão da proteína capsidial em Escherichia coli BL21:DE3. A proteína capsidial, ligada a uma cauda de 6-His, foi purificada por cromatografia de afinidade em coluna de Ni-NTA. A identidade da proteína purificada foi confirmada em SDS-PAGE e Western blot e, após quantificação, foi utilizada para imunizar coelhos. O anti-soro mostrou-se sensível e específico para a detecção do GLRaV-3 em extratos de videira por Western blot e DAS-ELISA, não tendo sido observadas reações inespecíficas ou heterólogas contra outros vírus sorologicamente não relacionados.

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), the main viral species of the grapevine leafroll complex, causes yield and quality reduction in grapes (Vitis spp.). The coat protein gene was RT-PCR-amplified from total RNA extracted from infected grapevine leaves and the amplified fragment was cloned and completely sequenced. The fragment was subsequently subcloned into the pRSET-C expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform Escherichia coli BL21:DE3 and express the capsid protein. The coat protein, fused to a 6 His-tag, was purified by affinity chromatography using an Ni-NTA resin. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The in vitro-expressed protein was quantified and used for rabbit immunizations. The antiserum was shown to be sensitive and specific for the detection of GLRaV-3 in grapevine extracts in Western blot and DAS-ELISA assays, with no unspecific or heterologous reactions against other non-serologically related viruses being observed.

3382 downloads

15.

Avaliação do Risco de Parto Prematuro: Teste da Fibronectina Fetal e Medida do Colo Uterino
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Oliveira, Tenilson Amaral

; Carvalho, Carla Muniz Pinto de

; Souza, Eduardo de

; Santos, Jorge F. Kuhn dos

; Guaré, Sandra de Oliveira

; Mariani-Neto, Corintio

; Camano, Luiz

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

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dec 2000, Volume 22 N. 10 Pages 633 - 639

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivo: avaliar o risco de parto prematuro em gestantes com antecedentes de parto pré-termo espontâneo por meio do teste da fibronectina fetal e da medida do colo uterino pela ultra-sonografia transvaginal. Métodos: foram relacionadas 107 gestantes na 24ª, 28ª e 32ª semana de gestação para realização do teste da fibronectina fetal no conteúdo cérvico- vaginal. No mesmo período, o comprimento do colo uterino foi medido, entre o orifício interno e externo, pela ultra-sonografia transvaginal. Consideramos o colo curto quando a medida da cérvice foi menor ou igual ao ponto de corte estabelecido pela curva ROC ("receiver-operating characteristic") para predição do parto prematuro. Comparamos o resultado dos exames com a ocorrência do parto antes de 34 e 37 semanas de gestação. Resultados: a incidência do parto prematuro foi de 37,4% (40/107). O melhor ponto de corte do comprimento do colo uterino indicado pela curva ROC para maximizar sensibilidade e especificidade foi 30 mm para 24 e 28 semanas de gestação e 25 mm para 32 semanas. O teste positivo da fibronectina fetal teve um risco relativo (RR) significante apenas na 28ª semana (RR: 1,77; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%: 1,10-2,84) para a ocorrência do parto antes de 37 semanas. O colo curto mostrou um RR significativo para ocorrência do parto antes de 37 semanas, na 24ª, 28ª e 32ª semana. O RR foi mais elevado quando o colo curto esteve presente na 24ª semana para ocorrência do parto antes de 34 semanas (RR: 4,42; IC 95%: 1,25-15,56). Conclusão: em pacientes com antecedentes de prematuridade espontânea, a medida do comprimento do colo uterino por meio da ultra-sonografia transvaginal é melhor que o teste da fibronectina fetal para avaliar o risco de parto prematuro.

Purpose: to evaluate the risk of preterm delivery using the fetal fibronectin test and the measurement of the cervix by transvaginal ultrasonography in pregnant women with previous preterm delivery. Methods: one hundred and seven women were enrolled in the study at 24th, 28thand 32ndweek to detect the presence of fetal fibronectin by immediate-reading membrane test and to perform vaginal ultrasonography to measure the length of the cervix between the internal and external cervical os. The cervix was considered to be short when the cervical length was at or below the cutoff set by the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for prediction of preterm delivery. Sonographic cervical length and fetal fibronectin were compared to assess the risk of preterm birth before 34 and 37 weeks. Results: the spontaneous preterm delivery rate was 37.4% (40/107). The analysis made by the ROC curve indicated 30 mm as the best cutoff to maximize sensitivity and specificity at 24 and 28 weeks and 25 mm at 32 weeks of gestation. The positive test of fetal fibronectin had a significant relative risk (RR: 1.77; 95% confidence interval (IC): 1.10-2.84) to predict delivery before 37 weeks, when compared with a negative test, only at 28 weeks. The presence of short cervix at 24, 28 and 32 weeks showed a significative RR for birth before 37 weeks. The highest RR occurred with a short cervix at 24 weeks (RR: 4.42; 95% CI: 1.25-15.56). Conclusion: we concluded that the measurement of uterine cervix by vaginal ultrasonography is better than the fetal fibronectin test for evaluating the risk of preterm delivery in women with previous preterm delivery.

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