ABSTRACT Objective To compare inter-rater reliability, diagnostic accuracy, and extension of pulmonary involvement in children with suspected COVID-19 submitted to supine or supine and lateral decubitus computed tomography imaging. Methods Retrospective study carried out between March 2020 and March 2021 with patients submitted to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing and chest computed tomography. Patients were divided into two groups: supine or supine and lateral decubitus imaging. Standardized reporting systems of computed tomographic findings in COVID-19 and chest computed tomography score were used. Results One hundred and seventeen patients were enrolled. Moderate to substantial inter-rater reliability was observed for standardized reporting systems (weighted kappa, 0.553-0.764; p<0.001). Inter-rater reliability for the chest computed tomography score was substantial (weighted kappa, 0.620-0.670; p<0.001). Standardized reporting systems failed to predict COVID-19 in children, regardless of additional lateral decubitus imaging (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.491-0.608). Chest computed tomography scores assigned to lateral decubitus images were significantly lower. Conclusion Additional lateral decubitus imaging does not improve the accuracy of standardized reporting systems of computed tomographic findings in COVID-19 but may provide a more accurate estimation of lung involvement in uncooperative patients.

Resumen Introducción. Los sistemas de lechería especializada en Colombia, representan el sector más tecnificado de la producción bovina, pero presentan retos en torno a la rentabilidad y competitividad con el mercado de productos lácteos importados, que establece una desventaja para la producción local. Sin embargo, la crianza de machos y hembras de descarte, para producción de carne, puede ser una alternativa competitiva. Objetivo. Profundizar en el manejo de la alimentación durante la crianza de terneros provenientes de lecherías. Desarrollo. La crianza artificial consiste en el manejo, cuidado y alimentación de los terneros hasta el destete y su objetivo es lograr que los animales dependan menos nutricionalmente de la leche, a la menor edad posible, y puedan incorporar alimentos sólidos a la dieta. La a alimentación base de los terneros durante la crianza es: calostro, leche o lactoreemplazador, alimento concentrado, y forraje. Se debe asegurar la medición de la calidad de calostro y ofrecerlo en mayor proporción durante la primer hora posparto. La leche o lactoreemplazador se deberá dar máximo durante ocho semanas con tendencia a disminuir el periodo sin afectar el desarrollo de los terneros, ofreciendo un producto de calidad composicional y sanitaria. El concentrado y la fuente de forraje, podrá ser ofrecida desde las primeras semanas de vida, garantizando la calidad y retirando los sobrantes para evitar problemas gastrointestinales. Conclusión. La cría como etapa crítica requiere un manejo estratégico de la alimentación. El suministro de calostro de calidad en el momento indicado, es la base de toda la etapa de producción. La alimentación líquida es esencial para la adaptación fisiológica y enzimática del tracto gastrointestinal, mientras que el alimento sólido es fundamental para el desarrollo ruminal.

Abstract Introduction. The specialized dairy systems in Colombia represent the most technified sector of the cattle production, nevertheless it has challenges with profitability and competitiveness with the market of imported dairy products, which establishes a disadvantage for local production. However, the rearing of discarded calves for meat production, can be a competitive alternative. Objective. To deepen the management of feeding in the calves rearing stage from dairy farms. Development. Artificial breeding includes the management, care, and feeding of calves until weaning and its objective is to reduce the nutritionally dependent of milk, at the lowest age possible, and to be able to incorporate solid foods into the diet. The basic diet of the calves during rearing includes the colostrum, milk or milk replacer, concentrated feed, and forage. It must be ensured colostrum quality measurement and the offer of quality colostrum, in the first hours postpartum. Milk or milk replacer should be supplied for eight weeks maximum with a tendency to decrease the period without affecting the development of the calves, offering a product of compositional and sanitary quality. The concentrate feed and the forage source can be offered from the first weeks of birth, guaranteeing quality of the diet and removing the feed scraps to avoid gastrointestinal problems. Conclusion. Rearing as a critical stage requires strategic feeding management. The supply of quality colostrum at the right time is the basis of the entire production stage. Liquid diet is essential for the physiological and enzymatic adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract, while solid diet is essential for ruminal development.

ABSTRACT Objective Propose a pedestrian crosswalk safety rating (PCSR) for primary roads in Mexico City in order to rate crosswalk safety at intersections with a traffic light and then compare the PCSR with traffic accidents so as to empirically determine any association between the quality of the crosswalk and the traffic accident rate. Methods Identify criteria for the rating system through a state-of-the art review; weight the criteria to create a rating system through multicriterion analysis; design a stratified random sample of crosswalks (n = 490); and evaluate the data set. Results Through the PCSR, 91.3% of the crosswalks evaluated in Mexico City were found not to offer the conditions required to protect pedestrian safety; the “access” macro-criterion received the worst scores. The modelling shows that mixed land use and the length of the crosswalk are the most important variables in predicting traffic accidents. Conclusions The analysis was relatively successful in showing the relationship between some variables (criteria) of the PCSR and traffic accidents. In many cases, this shows theoretical coherence; in others, research questions are raised.

RESUMEN Objetivo Proponer un índice de seguridad de cruces peatonales (ISCP) sobre vialidades primarias en Ciudad de México para calificar los cruceros peatonales semaforizados, y contrastar el ISCP con hechos de tránsito para probar, en forma empírica, si hay alguna asociación entre la calidad de los cruceros y la siniestralidad. Métodos Identificación de los criterios del índice mediante una revisión del estado del arte, ponderación de los criterios para generar el ISCP mediante el método de análisis multicriterio, diseño de una muestra aleatoria estratificada de cruces peatonales (n = 490) y su evaluación. Resultados Relativo a la evaluación de los cruceros mediante el ISCP, destaca que 91,3% de los cruces evaluados en Ciudad de México no cuentan con las condiciones óptimas para resguardar la seguridad de los peatones, con el macrocriterio “Accesibilidad” como el peor calificado. En lo referente al modelaje, resalta que tanto la mezcla de usos del suelo como la distancia de cruce son las variables explicativas más importantes para predecir hechos de tránsito. Conclusiones El análisis mostró con relativo éxito la relación entre algunas de las variables (criterios) que conforman el ISCP con los hechos de tránsito. En muchos casos, esto muestra coherencia teórica. En otros, abre preguntas de investigación.

RESUMO Objetivo Propor um índice de segurança de travessia de pedestres (ISTP) para as principais vias públicas na Cidade do México para classificar as travessias de pedestres semaforizadas e comparar o ISTP com os dados de trânsito para comprovar empiricamente se existe associação entre a qualidade dos locais de travessia e a taxa de acidentes. Métodos Foram identificados os critérios do índice com uma revisão do conhecimento atual e os critérios para gerar o ISTP foram ponderados com uso do método de análise de decisão multicritério e delineamento e avaliação de uma amostra aleatória estratificada de travessias de pedestres (n = 490). Resultados Com respeito à avaliação das travessias com o uso do ISTP, verificou-se que 91,3% das travessias avaliadas na Cidade do México não têm condições ideais para resguardar a segurança dos pedestres, com o macrocritério “acessibilidade” com a pior qualificação. Quanto à modelagem, observou-se que a mescla de usos do solo e a distância da travessia são as variáveis explicativas mais importantes para predizer a ocorrência de acidentes de trânsito. Conclusões A análise demonstrou com relativo sucesso a relação entre algumas variáveis (critérios) que compõem o ISTP e acidentes de trânsito. Houve uma coerência teórica em muitos casos, porém em outros suscitou dúvidas a serem investigadas.

This research was carried out in Estado de México, to analyze the fulffllment of PROCAMPO's collateral objectives in a representative sample of producers obtained from the census of the program's beneficiaries. The methodology used was knowledge management in producers that own less than one hectare (smallholding traditional production system) and those with more than 20 hectares (commercial production system). We found evidence that the smallholding system is immersed in a transitional stage toward the commercial system, although with a progressive reduction in social, economic and ecologic profitability. Agriculture's contribution to the family economy represented only 14.8% of the total. Both groups of farmers have production costs of more than $4 000.00 per hectare; however, smallholders produce each kilo of corn at almost half its commercial value. We conclude that PROCAMPO does not fulfill its collateral objectives, and that it is necessary to include supports for public goods, with the goal of developing knowledge management.

Esta investigación se realizó en el Estado de México para analizar el cumplimiento de los objetivos colaterales de PROCAMPO, en una muestra representativa de productores obtenida del padrón de beneficiarios de dicho programa. La metodología utilizada fue la de gestión del conocimiento en productores que poseen menos de una hectárea (sistema de producción tradicional minifundista) y los de más de 20 hectáreas (sistema de producción comercial). Se encontró evidencia de que el sistema minifundista se encuentra en una etapa de transición hacia el comercial, aunque con una reducción paulatina en la rentabilidad social, económica y ecológica. El aporte de la agricultura a la economía familiar representó sólo 14.8% del total. Ambos grupos de agricultores tienen costos de producción de más de $4000.00 por hectárea; no obstante, los minifundistas producen cada kilo de maíz a casi la mitad de su valor comercial. Se concluye que el PROCAMPO no cumple con sus objetivos colaterales y es necesario incluirle apoyos para bienes públicos, con la finalidad de desarrollar la gestión del conocimiento.

Lesões malignas do esôfago, excluindo-se carcinomas escamocelulares e adenocarcinomas, são bastante incomuns. Os autores relatam um caso de carcinoma de células fusiformes de esôfago. É um tumor maligno raro caracterizado por volumosa massa lobulada no terço médio do esôfago, que causa relativamente pequena obstrução apesar do seu volume. Em seguida é apresentada revisão da literatura sobre o assunto.

Malignant lesions of the esophagus, other than epidermoids and adenocarcinomas, are remarkably uncommon. The authors report a case of a patient with a spindle cell carcinoma of the esophagus. This is a rare malignant tumor characterized by a large bulky lobulated mass in the middle third of the esophagus that causes relatively little obstruction in spite of its volume. A review of literature is presented.

O adenocarcinoma gástrico apresenta, freqüentemente, disseminação por extensão direta para órgãos vizinhos. Metástases para sítios distantes, como o pulmão, são menos freqüentes, sugerindo usualmente outras doenças. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o caso de um paciente de 47 anos de idade, cujos exames de imagem (radiografias simples e tomografia computadorizada de tórax) apresentaram características sugestivas de neoplasia pulmonar primária e com diagnóstico simultâneo de câncer gástrico evidenciado pela endoscopia digestiva alta. A biópsia, guiada por fibrobroncoscopia, da massa torácica confirmou o diagnóstico de metástase pulmonar de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Além da apresentação do caso, é feita uma revisão do padrão de disseminação do câncer gástrico.

Gastric cancer frequently presents intraperitoneal spread. Distant metastases are rare. The authors describe a case of a 47-year-old white man, long-term cigarette smoker, who had a right upper lobe mass seen on plain films and computed tomography of the chest. A gastric adenocarcinoma was concomitantly diagnosed by endoscopic examination. A bronchoscopy guided biopsy showed that the lung mass was in fact a metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma. In this article, the imaging findings of gastric cancer and the patterns of dissemination to other organs are reviewed.