ABSTRACT Objective: Contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely performed in children with central precocious puberty (CPP). We evaluated the value of a dedicated sellar MRI protocol without contrast enhancement in girls with CPP. Subjects and methods: This study included 261 girls diagnosed with CPP. We performed sellar MRI scanning without gadolinium enhancement of the hypothalamic-pituitary area (HPA) at the pituitary level, including additional T2-weighted imaging of whole-brain scans to check for other lesions. We evaluated the prevalence of intracranial lesions via this MR protocol. In addition,the correlation between the clinical parameters and morphology of the pituitary gland on the images was assessed. Results: Intracranial lesions were detected in 17 (6.5%) of the 261 girls. Of the 17 girls with abnormalities, 16 (94.1%) had findings in brain areas other than the HPA. The weight, height, Tanner stage of patients were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the group with greater pituitary height. Patient weight and height, Tanner stage of breast development, and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in those with a higher pituitary grade as determined on sellar MRI. Conclusion: A dedicated unenhanced sellar MRI protocol provides valuable information on brain lesions and pituitary morphology. We found a significantly low prevalence of brain lesions among girls with CPP. Analysis of the height or shape of the pituitary gland on sellar MRI revealed significant correlations with the weight, height, Tanner stage, and LH levels of the patients.

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the optimal duration of creep feeding that improves the growth performance and fecal score of piglets and the performance and estrus interval of sows. Sixteen sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) and their litters were used in this 24-day trial. Dietary treatments were: Treatment 1, in which creep feed was not provided; treatment 2, in which creep feed was provided at the 7th day of life (day 7 to weaning); treatment 3, in which creep feed was provided at the 14th day of life (day 14 to weaning); and treatment 4, in which creep feed was provided at the 21st day of life (day 21 to weaning). There was no difference in body weight or loss, backfat thickness or loss, or estrus interval among treatments in the sows. Piglets in treatment 2 had higher body weight (BW) than pigs of treatments 1, 3, and 4. In addition, piglets in treatment 3 had higher BW than those of treatments 1 and 4. From birth to weaning, piglets of treatments 2 and 3 had higher average daily gain than those of treatments 1 and 4. There was no difference in fecal score of piglets among treatments. Piglets fed creep feed initiated from the first week have higher BW and average daily gain at weaning compared with those initiated from the second and third weeks, indicating that a longer duration of creep feeding improves the growth performance of piglets.

ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of molasses as a substitute for corn in diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal noxious gas emission, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 120 [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 54.21±2.62 kg were used in this experiment. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 dietary treatments on the basis of BW and sex (10 replicate pens per treatment with four pigs per pen: two gilts and two barrows in each pen). The experiment was divided into two phases: 0-5 weeks and 6-10 weeks. Dietary treatments were as follows: control, basal diet; control + 2.5% cane molasses; and control + 5% cane molasses. No significant differences were observed in terms of growth performance, nutrient digestibility, red blood cells, and white blood cells in blood characteristics, fecal noxious gas emission, and meat quality in this study. However, blood lymphocytes were higher with control + 2.5% cane molasses than with control at the end of the 10th week. Molasses can be considered an alternative for corn at the level of 2.5% without any negative influence in finishing pigs.

OBJETIVO: Análise retrospectiva de 216 pacientes submetidos a descompressão foraminal cervical por abordagem transcorporal e revisão da técnica cirúrgica. MÉTODO: Duzentos e dezesseis pacientes com seguimento mínimo de 2 anos e média de 41,8 meses foram incluídos no estudo. Os prontuários desses pacientes foram revisados quanto a complicações, NDI (neck disability index) e EVA (escala visual analógica). Radiografias pré e pós-operatórias foram usadas para avaliar a altura discal. RESULTADOS: Ao final do seguimento, os pacientes obtiveram uma melhora clínica significativa com redução do NDI de 88,3% e de 86,5% e 68,3% da EVA para o membro superior e região cervical, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Uma redução de 8,8% da altura discal foi observada sem outras complicações associadas (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A descompressão radicular por abordagem transcorporal é uma alternativa que proporciona bons resultados clínicos, sem a necessidade de uma fusão e com poucas complicações.

OBJECTIVE: Retrospective analyses of 216 patients undergoing foraminal decompression with transcorporeal approach and review of the surgical technique. METHOD: 216 patients with minimum follow-up of 2 years and an average of 41.8 months were included in the study. The clinical records of these patients were reviewed for complications, NDI (neck disability index) and VAS (visual analogue scale). Pre and post-operative radiographs were used to evaluate the disc height. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up patients had significant clinical improvement with reduction of NDI of 88.3% and 86.5% and 68.3% of the VAS for neck and upper limb, respectively (p<0.05). A reduction of 8.8% of the disc height was observed without other complications associated (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Radicular decompression through a transcorporeal approach is an alternative that provides good clinical results without the need for a fusion and with few complications.

OBJETIVO: Análisis retrospectivo de 216 pacientes sometidos a descompresión foraminal cervical por abordaje transcorporal y revisión de la técnica quirúrgica. MÉTODO: Doscientos dieciséis pacientes con seguimiento mínimo de 2 años y promedio de 41,8 meses fueron incluidos en el estudio. Los prontuarios de esos pacientes fueron revisados cuanto a complicaciones, NDI (neck disability index) y EVA (escala visual analógica). Radiografias pre y postoperatorias fueron usadas para evaluar la altura discal. RESULTADOS: Al final del seguimiento, los pacientes obtuvieron una mejora clínica significativa con reducción del NDI de 88,3% y de 86,5% y 68,3% de la EVA para el miembro superior y región cervical, respectivamente (p < 0,05). Una reducción de 8,8% de la altura discal fue observada sin otras complicaciones asociadas (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: La descompresión radicular por abordaje transcorporal es una alternativa que proporciona buenos resultados clínicos, sin la necesidad de una fusión y con pocas complicaciones.

O avanço da discectomia endoscópica percutânea lombar e seu sucesso clínico levaram a abordagens minimamente invasivas para a coluna cervical. O objetivo da discectomia endoscópica percutânea cervical é o de descomprimir a raiz do nervo cervical por meio de uma visualização endoscópica direta, eliminando o fragmento herniado e diminuindo o núcleo pulposo, com o uso de fórceps e micro Hólmio: ítrio-alumínio-granada (Ho:YAG) laser. A discectomia endoscópica percutânea cervical com laser tem sido utilizada desde 1993 e é indicada nos pacientes com hérnia de disco, contida ou não, teste provocativo positivo e ausência de osteófito maior que 2 mm, independentemente do tamanho da hérnia. Os autores descreveram a técnica cirúrgica de discectomia endoscópica percutânea cervical e relataram 16 anos de experiência no tratamento endoscópico do disco cervical herniado.

The advancement of the percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PECD) and its clinical success have led to similar minimally invasive approaches to the cervical spine. The goal of PECD is the decompression of the cervical nerve root through a direct endoscopic visualization, removing the herniated mass and shrinking the nucleous pulposus with the use of microforceps and holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser. The senior author have performed PECD with cervical laser assisted endoscopy since 1993. The PECD is indicate to patients with constrained or unconstrained soft herniated cervical disc, positive provocative test, and no bony spur larger than 2 mm, regardless of the herniation size. The authors described the surgical technique of PECD and report their 16 years of experience in the endoscopic treatment of the herniated cervical disc.

El avance en la discectomía endoscópica percutánea lumbar y su triunfo clínico llevaron a abordajes mínimamente invasivos en la columna cervical. El objetivo de la discectomía endoscópica percutánea cervical es descomprimir la raíz del nervio cervical, por una visualización endoscópica directa, eliminando el fragmento herniado y disminuyendo el núcleo pulposo, con el uso de fórceps y micro Holmio: itrio-aluminio-granada (Ho:YAG) laser. La discectomía endoscópica percutánea cervical con laser ha sido utilizada desde 1993. Esta es indicada en pacientes con hernia discal contenida o no, test provocativo positivo, ausencia de osteofitos mayores que 2 mm, independientemente del tamaño de la hernia. Los autores describen la técnica quirúrgica de discectomía endoscópica percutánea cervical y relatan 16 años de experiencia en el tratamiento endoscópico de disco cervical herniado.