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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

β-glucosidase from thermophilic fungus Thermoascus crustaceus: production and industrial potential
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GARBIN, ANDREZA P.

; GARCIA, NAYARA F.L.

; CAVALHEIRO, GABRIELA F.

; SILVESTRE, MARIA ALICE

; RODRIGUES, ANDRÉ

; PAZ, MARCELO F. DA

; FONSECA, GUSTAVO G.

; LEITE, RODRIGO S.R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2021, Volume 93 N. 1 elocation e20191349

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Microbial β-glucosidases can be used in several industrial processes, including production of biofuels, functional foods, juices, and beverages. In the present work, production of β-glucosidase by solid state cultivation of the fungus Thermoascus crustaceus in a low-cost cultivation medium (comprising agroindustrial residues) was evaluated. The highest production of β-glucosidase, about 415.1 U/g substrate (or 41.51 U/mL), was obtained by cultivating the fungus in wheat bran with 70% humidity, during 96 h at 40°C. The enzymatic activity was optimum at pH 4.5 and 65°C. β-Glucosidase maintained its catalytic activity when incubated at a pH range of 4.0-8.0 and temperature of 30-55°C. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by glucose; even when the substrate and glucose concentrations were equal, the inhibition was not reversed, suggesting a non-competitive inhibition. In the presence of up to 10% ethanol, β-glucosidase maintained its catalytic activity. In addition to β-glucosidase, the enzymatic extract showed activity of 36 U/g for endoglucanase, 256.2 U/g for xylanase, and 18.2 U/g for β-xylosidase. The results allow to conclude that the fungus T. crustaceus has considerable potential for production of β-glucosidase and xylanase when cultivated in agroindustrial residues, thereby reducing the cost of these biocatalysts.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120191349 566 downloads

Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Associated to the B Subunit of Escherichia coli Heat-labile Enterotoxin Expressed in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli Platforms
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Eslabão, Lívia Budziarek

; Conrad, Neida Lucia

; Albuquerque, Pedro Machado Medeiros de

; Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero

; Varela Junior, Antônio Sérgio

; Leite, Fábio Pereira Leivas

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2021, Volume 64 elocation e21210144

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the main targets for the development of immunocontraceptives vaccines. The aim of this study was to clone and express the recombinant GnRH fused to the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) molecule in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli platforms and evaluate their immunogenicity in mice. P. pastoris (pGnRH/LTB) and E. coli (eGnRH/LTB) platforms were able to express GnRH/LTB expected band with ~ 21 kDa. Both constructions were immunogenic in mice. Similar IgG kinetics was observed for both construction when it was used as ELISA antigen respectively, showing significant (p<0.05) IgG levels 5-fold higher than a commercial vaccine and 14-fold higher than the controls. The histological effects of pGnRH/LTB as well as eGnRH/LTB proteins demonstrated a significant effect on the gonads, characterized by atrophy of seminiferous tubules, absence of spermatogenesis and reduction of Leydig cells. Both constructions were able to induce antibodies that block the hormone effect, suggesting the potential of GnRH/LTB, independently of the P. pastoris or E. coli platform used, as a vaccine candidate for immunocontraception.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2021210144 1 downloads

Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil
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Brown, Amy Louise

; Sperandio, Marcelo

; Turssi, Cecília P.

; Leite, Rodrigo M. A.

; Berton, Victor Ferro

; Succi, Regina M.

; Larson, Heidi

; Napimoga, Marcelo Henrique

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2018, Volume 34 N. 9 elocation e00011618

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Apesar dos benefícios globais da imunização, a hesitação em vacinar é uma tendência crescente que tem sido associada ao ressurgimento das doenças imunopreveníveis. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a confiança nas vacinas e a hesitação em vacinar no Brasil, como parte de um projeto mais amplo para mapear a confiança em vacinas em nível global. Foram entrevistadas mil pessoas, direta ou virtualmente, usando um questionário geral sobre percepção em relação às vacinas e à vacinação. Foram utilizadas perguntas exploratórias adicionais no subconjunto de entrevistados que eram pais de crianças abaixo de cinco anos de idade. Essas perguntas produziram informações sobre o comportamento em relação à vacinação, opiniões sobre vacinação e serviços públicos de saúde e hesitação em vacinar. Os motivos da hesitação foram classificados em relação à confiança, conveniência e/ou acomodação, e a população também foi analisada conforme as características sociodemográficas. Os resultados mostraram que a confiança geral na imunização foi maior do que nos serviços de planejamento familiar, agentes comunitários de saúde e serviços de emergência. Setenta e seis pessoas relataram hesitação em vacinar. Os motivos mais frequentes da hesitação diziam respeito a confiança (41,4%), eficácia/segurança da vacina (25,5%) e preocupações com eventos adversos (23,6%). A análise sociodemográfica mostrou que a hesitação em vacinar estava associada ao estado civil, escolaridade e renda. Apesar da alta confiança geral na vacinação, uma clara tendência para níveis de confiança mais baixos esteve associada a níveis mais altos de hesitação, o que justifica o monitoramento permanente dessa tendência, em função da natureza dinâmica da hesitação em vacinar.

Despite the overall benefits of immunization, vaccine hesitancy has been a growing trend and has been associated with the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. The aim of this study was to assess vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil, as part of a wider project to map vaccine confidence globally. One thousand subjects were interviewed, either online or face-to-face, based on a general questionnaire regarding perceptions on vaccines and vaccination. Further exploratory questions were used with the subset of respondents who were parents of children aged under 5. Such questions extracted information regarding vaccination behavior, opinions on vaccination and government health services, and vaccine hesitancy. Reasons for hesitancy were classified as relating to confidence, convenience and/or complacency, and the population was also analyzed socio-demographically. The results showed that overall confidence in immunization was higher than confidence in family planning services, community health workers and emergency services. Seventy-six people reported hesitancy to vaccinate. The commonest reasons for hesitancy were issues with confidence (41.4%), efficacy/safety of the vaccine (25.5%) and concerns about adverse events (23.6%). The sociodemographic analysis revealed that vaccine hesitancy was associated with marital status, level of education and income. Despite overall vaccine confidence being high, a clear trend toward lower levels of confidence was associated with higher levels of hesitancy, which warrants on-going monitoring, due to the dynamic and changing nature of vaccine hesitancy.

A pesar de lo beneficios generales de la inmunización, la renuencia a la vacunación ha sido una tendencia en crecimiento que ha sido asociada con el resurgimiento de las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la confianza y renuencia a las vacunas en Brasil, como parte de un proyecto más amplio para mapear la confianza en las vacunas globalmente. Mil sujetos fueron entrevistados, bien en línea o cara-a-cara, mediante un cuestionario general respecto a sus percepciones sobre las vacunas y la vacunación. Se utilizaron otras preguntas exploratorias con el subconjunto de encuestados, que eran padres de niños con una edad inferior a los cinco años. Tales preguntas recabaron información respecto al comportamiento sobre la vacunación, opiniones sobre vacunación y servicios de salud gubernamentales, así como su renuencia a las vacunas. Las razones para esta última se clasificaron como aquellas relacionadas con la confianza, conveniencia y/o complacencia, y la población fue también analizada sociodemográficamente. Los resultados mostraron que la confianza general en inmunización fue más alta que la confianza en servicios de planificación familiar, trabajadores de salud comunitarios y servicios de emergencia. Setenta y seis personas informaron de renuencia a la vacunación. Las razones más comunes para la renuencia fueron temas relacionados con la confianza (41,4%), eficacia/seguridad de la vacuna (25,5%) y preocupaciones sobre efectos adversos (23,6%). El análisis sociodemográfico reveló que la renuencia a la vacunación estaba asociada con el estado civil, nivel de educación e ingresos. A pesar de que la confianza general en las vacunas es alta, existe una clara tendencia hacia niveles más bajos de confianza, que estaba asociada con altos niveles de renuencia, lo que garantiza una supervisión permanente, debido a la dinámica y naturaleza cambiante del rechazo a las vacunas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00011618 31 downloads

Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil
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Brown, Amy Louise

; Sperandio, Marcelo

; Turssi, Cecília P.

; Leite, Rodrigo M. A.

; Berton, Victor Ferro

; Succi, Regina M.

; Larson, Heidi

; Napimoga, Marcelo Henrique

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2018, Volume 34 N. 9 elocation e00011618

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00011618 10593 downloads

Proposal of an Integrated Health Care Network System for Patients with Congenital Heart Defects
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Pinto Júnior, Valdester Cavalcante

; Cavalcante, Rodrigo Cardoso

; Branco, Klébia Magalhães P. Castello

; Cavalcante, Candice Torres de Melo Bezerra

; Maia, Isabel Cristina Leite

; Souza, Nayana Maria Gomes de

; Penaforte, Kiarelle Lourenço

; Mejia, Juan Alberto Cosquillo

; Carvalho Junior, Waldemiro

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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jun 2016, Volume 31 N. 3 Pages 256 - 260

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The perspective of the integrated health system has a network of care with multiple integration dimensions among subsystems as nuclear representation, relating the clinical aspects and governance to the representations and collective values. The normative integration aims to ensure coherence between the system of representations and values of society simultaneously with the interfaces of clinical and functional integration. It builds a bridge with governance, which allows, through their skills, management of all system components, encouraging cooperation, communication and information, in order to ensure the population under their responsibility to access excellence services, exceeding their expectations. The integration of care consists of a durable coordination of clinical practices for those who suffer from health problems in order to ensure continuity and full range of the required professional services and organizations, coordinated in time and space, in accordance with the available knowledge. It is possible to establish the type of health equipment for each level of care for patients with congenital heart diseases. This strategy intends to offer timely care in appropriate moments and places, efficiently, operating cooperatively an interdependently, with ongoing exchange of its resources. Thus, situational integration establishes the system connection with the assessment environment that proposes to carry out value judgment, guided by an objective worldview, about an intervention or any of its components, in order to objectify the decision making.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1678-9741.20160056 1786 downloads

Molecular detection of Trypanosoma evansi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in procyonids (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in Eastern Amazon, Brazil
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Magalhães-Matos, Paulo Cesar

; Cunha-Santos, Rafaelle

; Sousa, Paulo Geovani Silva

; Sampaio-Júnior, Francisco Dantas

; Barros, Flávia de Nazaré Leite

; Mourão, Fábio Rodrigo Paixão

; Oliveira, Wanessa Batista Lima

; Gabriel, Áurea Martins

; Monteiro, Silvia Gonzalez

; Góes-Cavalcante, Gustavo

; Scofield, Alessandra

Ciência Rural

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apr 2016, Volume 46 N. 4 Pages 663 - 668

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar o diagnóstico da infecção natural por Trypanosoma evansi em procionídeos de vida livre e de cativeiro dos estados do Amapá e Pará, Brasil. Durante o período de fevereiro de 2012 a agosto de 2013, amostras de sangue total e esfregaços sanguíneos foram obtidos de 45 procionídeos de vida livre e de nove mantidos em cativeiro em mantenedores e Parques Zoobotânicos dos estados do Amapá e Pará. As amostras de sangue total foram coletadas e mantidas a -20ºC para pesquisa de DNA de T. evansi pela PCR utilizando-se os iniciadores RoTat 1.2 forward e RoTat 1.2 reverse. Os esfregaços sanguíneos também foram processados e examinados para a pesquisa de formas tripomastigotas do agente. DNA de T. evansi foi detectado em 18,52% (10/54) dos procionídeos, ocorrendo em mãos-peladas de cativeiro e quatis de vida livre e de cativeiro no estado do Pará. Não foram observadas formas tripomastigotas nos esfregaços sanguíneos. DNA de T. evansi foi detectado em P. cancrivorus e N. nasua no estado do Pará, sendo este o primeiro relato em P. cancrivorus.

ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to diagnose the natural infection of captive and free-living procyonids with Trypanosoma evansi in the states of Amapá and Pará, Brazil. From February 2012 to August 2013, whole blood samples and blood smears were obtained from 45 free-living procyonids and from nine procyonids kept in captivity in wild life refuges and zoobotanical parks in the states of Amapá and Pará. Whole blood samples were collected and kept at -20ºC for the detection of T. evansi DNA by PCR using the RoTat 1.2 forward and RoTat 1.2 reverse primers. In addition, the blood smears were processed and examined for the presence of trypomastigote forms of T. evansi. T. evansi DNA was detected in 18.52% (10/54) of the procyonids, namely, in captive crab-eating raccoons and captive and free-living coatis in Pará State. No trypomastigote forms were observed in the blood smears. DNA from T. evansi was detected in P. cancrivorus and N. nasua in Pará State, being this the first such report in P. cancrivorus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150679 3488 downloads

Consequences of the Additional Polymerization on Knoop Microhardness of Direct Composite Resin
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Carvalho, Rodrigo F

; Faria, Camila R

; Cruz, Fernando L. G

; Brigolini de Faria, Júlio César

; Leite, Fabíola P. P

International journal of odontostomatology

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2013, Volume 7 N. 1 Pages 93 - 98

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The following hypothesis was tested: direct composites additional polymerization improve the surface microhardness of direct composite resin Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE). We prepared 25 specimens (2x4 mm) with a stainless steel mold. Resin specimens were randomly assigned into 5 groups (n=5/per group): G1 - resin Filtek Z250 photoactivated 60 s; G2 - resin Filtek Z250 photoactivated 60 s + autoclave cycle to 134°C for 7 min at a pressure of 2.5 kg/cm3; G3 - resin Filtek Z250 photoactivated 60 s + oven at 125°C for 7 min; G4 - resin Filtek Z250 photoactivated 60 s + microwave for 3 min to the power of 450W; G5 - indirect resin Resilab photoactivated 60 s + supplementary furnace LUX GDS 4 min. The specimens were fabricated by a metal matrix, filled with resin in two increments and each increment polymerized according to their group. For polymerization of the last layer, we used a glass plate on a polyester strip. Then the specimens were evaluated for surface microhardness Knoop. Additional polymerization media resulted in significant differences among the groups (p<0.05) (One-way ANOVA and Dunnett test, p=0.05). The mean surface hardness Knoop (KHM) were as follows: G1: 51.71+1.73b; G2: 62.37+1.71a; G3: 50.61+1.30b; G4: 52.65+1.125b; G5: 60.15+2.02a; Conclude that the additional polymerization in autoclave increased the surface microhardness Knoop of composite resin evaluated. Hypothesis was partially confirmed.

La siguiente hipótesis fue probada: evaluar si la polimerización mejora aún más la dureza de la superficie de la resina compuesta directa Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE). Se prepararon 25 muestras (2x4mm) de un molde de acero inoxidable. Las muestras de resina fueron divididas al azar en 5 grupos (n = 5): G1-resina Filtek Z250 polimerizado durante 60 s; G2-polimerizado la resina Filtek Z250 durante 60 s y ciclo de autoclave 134°C durante 7 min. a una presión de 2,5 kg/ cm3; G3-resina Filtek Z250 polimerizado durante 60 s y cura para el horno a 125°C durante 7 min; G4-resina Filtek Z250 polimerizado por 60 s y curada durante 3 min. con una potencia de microondas de 450W; G5-resina indirecta (Resilab) polimerizado 60 s y curada horno LUX/GDS durante 4 min. Las muestras fueron fabricadas por una matriz metálica, rellena con resina en dos incrementos, y cada incremento de polimerizado de acuerdo a su grupo. Para la polimerización de la última capa se utilizó una placa de vidrio y una tira de poliéster. Luego se evaluó la microdureza Knoop de la superficie de las muestras. La polimerización adicional resultó en diferencias significativas entre los grupos (p <0,05) (One-way ANOVA y prueba de Dunnett, p = 0,05). La dureza media de la superficie (KHM) fue: G1: 51,71+1,73b, G2: 62,37+1,71a; G3: 50,61+1,30b, G4: 52,65+1,125b; G5: 60,15+2,02³. Se concluye que la polimerización adicional con autoclave aumentó la microdureza de la superficie de resina evaluada. La hipótesis fue confirmada parcialmente.

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Cells and mediators of inflammation (C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, platelets and neutrophils) in the acute and convalescent phases of uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection
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Lima-Junior, Josué da Costa

; Rodrigues-da-Silva, Rodrigo Nunes

; Pereira, Virgínia Araújo

; Storer, Fábio Luiz

; Perce-da-Silva, Daiana de Souza

; Fabrino, Daniela Leite

; Santos, Fátima

; Banic, Dalma Maria

; Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli de

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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dec 2012, Volume 107 N. 8 Pages 1035 - 1041

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The haematological changes and release of soluble mediators, particularly C-reactive protein (CRP) and nitric oxide (NO), during uncomplicated malaria have not been well studied, especially in Brazilian areas in which the disease is endemic. Therefore, the present study examined these factors in acute (day 0) and convalescent phase (day 15) patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Haematologic parameters were measured using automated cell counting, CRP levels were measured with ELISA and NO plasma levels were measured by the Griess reaction. Our data indicate that individuals with uncomplicated P. vivax and P. falciparum infection presented similar inflammatory profiles with respect to white blood cells, with high band cell production and a considerable degree of thrombocytopaenia during the acute phase of infection. Higher CRP levels were detected in acute P. vivax infection than in acute P. falciparum infection, while higher NO was detected in patients with acute and convalescent P. falciparum infections. Although changes in these mediators cannot predict malaria infection, the haematological aspects associated with malaria infection, especially the roles of platelets and band cells, need to be investigated further.

3229 downloads

10.

Bovine immunoprotection against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus with recombinant Bm86-Campo Grande antigen
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Cunha, Rodrigo Casquero

; Pérez de León, Adalberto Angel

; Leite, Fábio Pereira Leivas

; Pinto, Luciano da Silva

; Santos Júnior, Alceu Gonçalves dos

; Andreotti, Renato

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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sep 2012, Volume 21 N. 3 Pages 254 - 262

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é, sem dúvidas, o ectoparasito economicamente mais importante para o gado a nível mundial. A utilização inadequada de acaricidas tem impulsionado a evolução da resistência em populações de R. (B.) microplus. Vacinas contra o carrapato representam uma tecnologia que pode ser combinada com acaricidas em programas de controle integrado para diminuir o impacto de R. (B.) microplus. A forma recombinante da Bm86 da cepa Campo Grande (rBm86-CG) de R. (B.) microplus foi produzido utilizando o sistema de expressão em Pichia pastoris para testar sua capacidade de imunoproteção ao gado contra a infestação de carrapatos. A secreção de rBm86-CG em P. pastoris pelo bioprocesso, simplificou a purificação do antígeno. A resposta imune humoral específica foi detectada por ELISA em soros de bovinos vacinados. Resultados de "imunoblot" revelaram que anticorpos policlonais de bovinos vacinados reconheceram uma proteína em extratos de larvas com um peso molecular correspondente à Bm86. O antígeno rBm86-CG mostrou eficácia de 31% contra a amostra CG de R. (B.) microplus utilizada para infestar os bovinos vacinados. Pelos resultados obtidos, concluímos que a rBm86-CG é um antígeno que pode ser usado em uma vacina polivalente, como parte de um programa integrado para o controle de R. (B.) microplus no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.

The southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is no doubt the most economically important ectoparasite of cattle globally. The inappropriate use of chemical acaricides has driven the evolution of resistance in populations of R. (B.) microplus. Anti-tick vaccines represent a technology that can be combined with acaricides in integrated control programs to mitigate the impact of R. (B.) microplus. The recombinant form of Bm86 antigen from the Campo Grande (rBm86-CG) strain of R. (B.) microplus was produced using the Pichiapastoris expression system to test its ability to immunoprotect cattle against tick infestation. Secretion of rBm86-CG by P. pastoris through the bioprocess reported here simplified purification of the antigen. A specific humoral immune response was detected by ELISA in vaccinated cattle. Immunoblot results revealed that polyclonal antibodies from vaccinated cattle recognized a protein in larval extracts with a molecular weight corresponding to Bm86. The rBm86-CG antigen showed 31% efficacy against the Campo Grande strain of R. (B.) microplus infesting vaccinated cattle. The rBm86-CG is an antigen that could be used in a polyvalent vaccine as part of an integrated program for the control of R. (B.) microplus in the region that includes Mato Grosso do Sul.

3344 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

11.

Manejo do míldio e ferrugem em videira com indutores de resistência: produtividade e qualidade pós-colheita
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Gomes, Erbs C.S.

; Leite, Rodrigo P.

; Silva, Fábio J.A.

; Cavalcanti, Leonardo S.

; Nascimento, Luciana C.

; Silva, Silvanda M.

Tropical Plant Pathology

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oct 2011, Volume 36 N. 5 Pages 332 - 335

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O míldio e a ferrugem da videira estão entre as principais doenças dessa cultura no Brasil provocando grandes perdas em pré e pós-colheita. Trabalhos envolvendo diferentes aspectos da resistência induzida têm sido desenvolvidos com o intuito de promover a redução do uso de pesticidas no campo. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficácia da utilização de indutores de resistência no controle dessas doenças em videira 'Isabel', identificando alterações nos aspectos de produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Foram testados sete tratamentos: produto comercial à base de bioflavonóides cítricos (1,5 L ha-1), bioflavonóides cítricos + fosfito de potássio (1,5 L ha-1 + 130 g 100 L-1), fosfito de potássio (130 g 100 L-1), testemunha pulverizada com água (T), fungicida (metyran + pyraclostrobin) (2 kg ha-1), silicato de alumínio (1%) e Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1,5 L ha-1), quatro repetições de cinco plantas. Foram realizadas 13 pulverizações em intervalos semanais, iniciadas 17 dias após a poda. Os índices de doença foram determinados através das curvas de progresso das doenças segundo normas da produção integrada de frutas, sendo agrupados em quatro períodos (0 a 42 dias após a poda - DAP; 43 a 77 DAP; 78 a 129 DAP e 0 a 129 DAP). As características de produtividade e aspectos de qualidade foram avaliadas aos 126 DAP. Os tratamentos S. cerevisiae e fungicida promoveram os maiores índices de controle do míldio. Entretanto, o uso de S. cerevisiae resultou em queda de produtividade. Não houve efeito significativo dos indutores utilizados sobre a incidência de ferrugem.

Mildew and rust diseases are among the main diseases of the vine crop in Brazil causing great losses in pre- and post-harvest conditions. Studies involving different aspects of induced resistance have been developed with the aim of promoting the reduction of pesticides use in the field. In this research, the effect of elicitors on the control of mildew and rust in vine cultivar Isabel was evaluated. Seven treatments were tested: Citric bioflavonoids (1.5 L ha-1), citric bioflavonoids + potassium phosphite (1.5 L ha-1 + 130 g 100 L-1), potassium phosphite (130 g 100 L-1), control treatment was sprayed with water (T), fungicide (metyran + pyraclostrobin) (2 kg ha-1), aluminum silicate (1%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1.5 L ha-1), four replications and five plants per replication. The disease indexes were determined using progress curve of disease in grapevine according PIF (Integrated Fruits Production) for four periods (0 to 42 days post pruning - DAP, 43 to 77 DAP, 78 to 129 DAP and 0 to 129 DAP). The yield components and quality aspects were evaluated at 126 DAP. The use of S. cerevisiae and fungicide promoted the highest mildew control. However, the use of S. cerevisiae decreased the yield. No significant effects of the elicitors were observed on rust incidence.

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12.

Métodos de inoculação de Phakopsora euvitis Ono em Vitis labrusca L.
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Gomes, Erbs Cintra de Souza

; Nascimento, Luciana Cordeiro do

; Perez, Jane Oliveira

; Leite, Rodrigo Pereira

; Silva, Fábio Júnior Araújo

Ciência Rural

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apr 2010, Volume 40 N. 4 Pages 983 - 985

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A ferrugem é uma das principais doenças da videira, com ocorrência registrada em diversas regiões produtoras. Neste trabalho, foram avaliados três métodos de inoculação de Phakopsora euvitis em mudas de videira 'Isabel' com o objetivo de selecionar um método para determinação da patogenicidade. Mudas oriundas de bacelos de videira foram inoculadas com esporos de P. euvitis e mantidas sob temperatura entre 25±4°C e UR 85±10% durante 13 dias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 10 repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por: T1 - pincelamento de esporos; T2 - pulverização com suspensão de esporos com 2,7x10³ esporos mL-1; T3 - discos de folhas de videira com sintomas afixados em cinco folhas por planta; e T4 - Testemunha. O método do pincelamento de esporos foi o mais eficiente, com início dos sintomas a partir do quinto dia e, após 13 dias, 100% das folhas apresentavam sinais do patógeno.

Rust is one of the most important diseases in grapevine, with occurrence recorded in many production areas. In this research it was evaluated three methods of Phakopsora euvitis inoculation on grapevine seedlings cv. 'Isabel' with the objective of selecting an inoculation method for rapid pathogenicity determination. Grapevine seedlings were inoculated with P. euvitis and maintained under conditions of 25±4C and UR 85±10% for 13 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 10 replications. The treatments were: T1 - brush of pathogen spores; T2 - spores suspension spraying (2.7x10³ spores mL-1); T3 - disks of grapevine leaves with symptoms stuck in five leaves per plant and T4 - control. The spore brushing method was the most efficient, showing early symptoms at five days, and 100% of the leaves showing pathogen symptoms 13 days after treatment.

2292 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Genes e epilepsia II: expressão gênica diferencial
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Romcy-Pereira, Rodrigo N.

; Gitaí, Daniel L. G.

; Gitaí, Lívia L. G.

; Leite, João P.

; Garcia-Cairasco, Norberto

; Paçó-Larson, Maria Luisa

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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oct 2008, Volume 54 N. 5 Pages 461 - 466

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Nesta revisão, introduzimos abordagens investigativas, assim como discutimos os principais achados de expressão gênica diferencial em tecido epiléptico humano e em modelos experimentais. As alterações observadas no cérebro de indivíduos epilépticos sugerem que eventos moleculares específicos refletem diferentes expressões do quadro fisiopatológico. É possível que diferentes combinações da expressão de genes associados à morte celular, metabolismo de radicais livres, transmissão sináptica, resposta imune e de neurotrofinas reflitam propriedades características de diferentes populações neuronais e gliais, que determinam as distintas respostas de cada área cerebral. A compreensão dessas particularidades moleculares será muito importante para o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de intervenção visando reduzir neurotoxicidade e disfunções sinápticas que ocorrem durante a epileptogênese e a fase crônica em pacientes epilépticos.

We introduce some investigative appnacher and findings on differential gene expression in human epileptic time as well as in animal models of epilepsy. Molecular alterations observed in the epileptic brain suggest that they may disclose different psychopathological stages. It is possible that different gene expression combinations involved in cell death, reactive oxygen metabolism, synaptic transmission and immune response and of neurotrophins reflect distinct functional properties of different neuronal and glial populations, which determine specific brain region responses. Understanding the molecular patterns of gene expression following epileptogenic insults will be of great importance for the development of treatments aiming to reduce neurotoxicity and subtle synaptic dyfunctions present in the early stages as well as during the chronic phase of epilepsy.

4330 downloads

14.

Genes e epilepsia I: epilepsia e alterações genéticas
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Gitaí, Daniel L. G.

; Romcy-Pereira, Rodrigo N.

; Gitaí, Lívia L. G.

; Leite, João P.

; Garcia-Cairasco, Norberto

; Paço-Larson, Maria Luisa

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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jun 2008, Volume 54 N. 3 Pages 272 - 278

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

INTRODUÇÃO: Epilepsia é uma desordem neurológica caracterizada por crises espontâneas e recorrentes, que afeta de 2% a 3 % da população mundial. As crises epilépticas refletem atividade elétrica anormal e paroxística, preferencialmente em uma ou várias áreas do córtex cerebral, que podem ser causadas por inúmeras patologias estruturais ou neuroquímicas. Dentre os importantes estudos das últimas décadas no campo da epileptologia, destaca-se a identificação de genes associados a certos tipos de epilepsia. OBJETIVO: Nesta revisão, descrevemos as principais alterações genéticas associadas ao processo epileptogênico, discutindo as mais recentes descobertas e suas contribuições para a compreensão das bases genéticas das epilepsias idiopáticas monogênicas (EIM) e das epilepsias geneticamente complexas. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Estudos de ligação e associação mostram que alterações em genes que codificam canais iônicos são as principais causas genéticas das epilepsias idiopáticas monogênicas e de predisposição nas epilepsias geneticamente complexas. Além disso, as síndromes nas quais a epilepsia é um aspecto importante do quadro clínico podem ser provocadas por genes envolvidos em diferentes vias celulares, tais como: migração neuronal, metabolismo de glicogênio e cadeia respiratória. Portanto, acredita-se que diferentes categorias de genes possam atuar na determinação do traço epiléptico. A identificação de tais famílias de genes não apenas nos ajudará a entender as vias moleculares associadas à hiperexcitabilidade neuronal e ao processo epileptogênico, mas também poderá conduzir ao desenvolvimento de novas e mais precisas estratégias de tratamento da epilepsia.

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous and recurrent seizures with an estimated prevalence of 2-3 % in the world population. Epileptic seizures are the result of paroxystic and hypersynchronous electrical activity, preferentially in cortical areas, caused by panoply of structural and neurochemical dysfunctions. Recent advances in the field have focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in the epileptogenic process. OBJECTIVES: In the present review, we describe the main genetic alterations associated to the process of epileptogenesis and discuss the new findings that are shedding light on the molecular substrates of monogenic idiopathic epilepsies (MIE) and on genetically complex epilepsies (GCE). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Linkage and association studies have shown that mutations in ion channel genes are the main causes of MIE and of predisposition for GCE. Moreover, mutations in genes involved in neuronal migration, glycogen metabolism and respiratory chain are associated to other syndromes involving seizures. Therefore, different gene classes contribute to the epileptic trait. The identification of epilepsy-related gene families can help us understand the molecular mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability and recognize markers of early diagnosis as well as new treatments for these epilepsies.

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15.

Penicillium expansum versus antagonist yeasts and patulin degradation in vitro
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Coelho, Alexandre Rodrigo

; Celli, Marcos Giovani

; Ono, Elisabete Yurie Sataque

; Wosiacki, Gilvan

; Hoffmann, Fernando Leite

; Pagnocca, Fernando Carlos

; Hirooka, Elisa Yoko

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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jul 2007, Volume 50 N. 4 Pages 725 - 733

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Considerando o antagonismo e degradação de patulina detectados em Pichia membranifaciens e Sporobolomyces roseus no estudo preliminar, este trabalho avaliou o efeito antagônico de Pichia ohmeri 158 no desenvolvimento de Penicillium expansum e a degradação de patulina "in vitro". O sobrenadante do cultivo de P. ohmeri 158 inibiu 66,17% do desenvolvimento micelial, indicando antibiose relacionada ao fator killer. A concentração inicial de patulina (223 µg) na presença de células íntegras de P. ohmeri foi reduzida em mais de 83% após dois dias de incubação a 25ºC e superior a 99% após 5 dias, com níveis indetectáveis no 15º dia. O decréscimo do pH 4,0 inicial para pH 3,3 sugeriu que a eliminação de patulina é um processo ativo e uma conseqüência do metabolismo da levedura. Os resultados obtidos concluem que P. ohmeri 158 é uma alternativa promissora na inibição do desenvolvimento de P. expansum e na degradação de patulina.

Taking into account the preliminary antagonistic/biodegradation property showed by Pichia membranifaciens and Sporobolomyces roseus, which decreased the initial patulin concentration of 588.4 to 290.0 µg/mL, ability of P. ohmeri 158 in biocontrol against Penicillium expansum and patulin decrease in vitro was performed. The culture supernatant of P. ohmeri 158 was effective against 66.17% micelial growth, indicating antibiosis related with the killer phenomenon. The initial patulin concentration of 223 µg in the presence of P. ohmeri 158 cells was decreased over 83% of the original concentration, when incubated at 25ºC/2 days and > 99% after 5 days incubation time, with undetectable patulin level after 15 days. The initial pH 4.0 decreased to pH 3.3 along 15 days experiment, suggesting that patulin decrease was an active process and a consequence of yeast metabolism. The results suggested that P. ohmeri 158 could be a promising alternative for the inhibition of P. expansum growth and patulin degradation.

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