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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Scientific diving in Brazil: history, present and perspectives
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Leite, Tatiana S.

; Pinheiro, Igor E.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Bertoncini, Áthila A.

; Cima, Oswaldo M. Del

; Demetrescu, Irene E.

; Francini-Filho, Ronaldo B.

; Kikuchi, Ruy K.P

; Machado, Arthur A.

; Maia-Nogueira, Rodrigo

; Martins, Flavio L.

; Mendes, Liana F.

; Rambelli, Gilson

; Sampaio, Claudio L.S.

; Segal, Barbara

; Aguiar, Aline A.

; Auler, Augusto S.

; Barroco-Neto, José

; Bonaldo, Roberta M.

; Buchmann, Francisco S.

; Calippo, Flavio

; Cesar, Augusto

; Gama, Matheus A.C.

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia

; Leão, Zelinda M.A.N.

; Lessa, Guilherme C.

; Menegola, Carla

; Pinheiro, Hudson T.

; Rocha, Luiz A.

; Sabino, José

; Seoane, José C.S.

; Sestokas, Julia

; Tiago, Cláudio C.

; Wegner, Ewerton

; Lotufo, Tito

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23045

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Scientific diving (SD) is defined as any diving activity that applies scientific procedures to produce subsidies for studies and technical works in underwater environments. The first report of an underwater scientific study in Brazil dates to the 19th century, in the Abrolhos reefs. Currently, in Brazil, scientific diving has been performed in various areas, from shallow coastal regions to remote and sometimes hard-to-reach places, such as oceanic islands, flooded caves, and icy areas like Antarctica. However, the regulation of SD in Brazil still lacks more concrete actions towards an effective and efficient self-regulation that offers physical safety to practitioners and institutional safeguards for organizations that use it in their research projects. Thus, this article aims to contribute to a better understanding of this critical issue in Brazil and to serve as a reference and incentive for the training of professionals and the development of these activities in the country. It includes: 1) a historical review of SD; 2) a diagnosis of the training and application of SD in Brazil; 3) the evolution of marine sciences in Brazil from the perspective of SD; 4) a review of the use of environmental assessment and underwater conservation techniques in oceans and internal waters; 5) an analysis of the evolution of scientific diver training in Brazil, including a diagnosis on training; 6) the history and updates of the rules, regulations, and safety of SD. Given all the potential of diving combined with specific techniques for research, monitoring, and marine and limnic science in Brazil, we aim to understand the evolution of scientific diving teaching and to outline perspectives in the country, as it is crucial for the training of qualified scientists capable of performing these underwater tasks. Finally, we present future plans for the development of this activity in Brazil from the point of view of research and the labor market.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23036tsl

AN ADAPTED UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLING
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D. Neto, José C.

; Resque, Ian S.

; Avelino, Rodrigo A.

; Santos, Vagner B. dos

; Leite, Lucas S.

; Cesar, Lucas O.

; Belo, Paulo H. da Silva

; Albuquerque, Jones

; Lima Filho, José L. de

Química Nova

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jun 2022, Volume 45 N. 6 Pages 734 - 741

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this work an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was adapted to be used as an environmental tool to collect water samples of sea, estuary, and mangrove for further analysis by gas chromatography with a mass detector (GC-MS). The sampling automated system was based on a microcontroller, a solenoid valve, and a peristaltic mini-pump that was coupled to a quadcopter UAV. The apparatus was properly calibrated to acquire 100 mL of environmental water at 4.6 min. After, the concentration of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o, m, p-xylenes) was analyzed in laboratory using GC-MS and the BTEX concentration ranged from 0.3 to 5.0 µg L-1 with a recovery from 83.9 to 118% with a relative standard deviation lower than 7.0%. Tests of cross-contamination were performed by simultaneous sampling and laboratory blank was carried out and no contamination was found for BTEX analysis. Based on the results, the adapted UAV presented a very useful ability to collect samples in difficult access areas such as mangroves, points between rocks, corals reefs, without health risk and without impacting the fragile ecosystem being an interesting tool for environmental purposes.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170892

“Half-Sandwich”/RuII Anticancer Complexes Containing Triphenylphosphine and p-Substituted Benzoic Acids
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Honorato, João

; Oliveira, Katia M.

; Leite, Celisnolia M.

; Colina-Vegas, Legna

; Nóbrega, Joaquim A.

; Castellano, Eduardo E.

; Ellena, Javier

; Correa, Rodrigo S.

; Batista, Alzir A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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nov 2020, Volume 31 N. 11 Pages 2237 - 2249

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Mononuclear and binuclear RuII/arene/triphenylphosphine complexes with p-substituted benzoic acid derivatives were prepared and characterized. These monocationic complexes of type [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(PPh3)L] (L = benzoic acid (1), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), p-nitrobenzoic acid (3) and terephthalic acid (4)) were characterized using various techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and the crystal structure of 1, 3 and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated, in vitro, against tumorigenic [MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 (breast), A549 (lung) and DU-145 (prostate)] and non-tumorigenic [MCF-10A (breast), MRC-5 (lung) and PNT-2 (prostate)] cells. The binuclear complex (4) was inactive due to its low solubility. Complexes 1, 2 and 3 showed similar cytotoxicity, however, complex 1 presented better selectivity index against MDA-MB-231 than compounds 2 and 3. Cellular ruthenium absorption was explored by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyzing the whole cells and the culture medium. Complementary studies showed that complex 1 inhibited colony formation, induced morphology changes in cells and promoted cell cycle arrest in the Sub-G1 phase for the MDA-MB-231 cells.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200076 409 downloads

The Role of Quantitative Aortographic Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation by Videodensitometry in the Guidance of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
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Miyazaki, Yosuke

; Modolo, Rodrigo

; Abdelghani, Mohammad

; Tateishi, Hiroki

; Cavalcante, Rafael

; Collet, Carlos

; Asano, Taku

; Katagiri, Yuki

; Tenekecioglu, Erhan

; Sarmento-Leite, Rogério

; Mangione, José A.

; Abizaid, Alexandre

; Soliman, Osama I.I.

; Onuma, Yoshinobu

; Serruys, Patrick W.

; Lemos, Pedro A.

; Brito Jr., Fabio S. de

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2018, Volume 111 N. 2 Pages 193 - 202

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: A pós-dilatação com balão (PDB) é normalmente necessária para otimização do implante da válvula cardíaca transcateter (THV), uma vez que o “escape” ou leak paravalvar (PVL) após implante de valva aórtica transcateter está associada com desfecho ruim e mortalidade. A avaliação quantitativa da gravidade do PVL antes e após a PDB é mandatória para se avaliar adequadamente o PVL e, assim, melhorar os resultados e os desfechos do implante. Objetivo: Investigar uma avalição angiográfica quantitativa da regurgitação aórtica (RA) por videodensitometria (VD-RA) antes e após a PDB. Métodos: Resultados da VD-RA antes e após a PDB foram analisados em 61 casos. Resultados Houve diminuição significativa da VD-RA de 24,0(18,0-30,5)% para 12,0(5,5-19,0)% (p < 0,001; p < 0,05 bilateral foi definido como significância estatística). O delta relativo de VD-RA após a PDB variou de -100% (melhora) a +40% (piora) e o valor mediano foi -46,2%. As frequências de melhora, ausência de mudança, e piora foram 70% (n = 43), 25% (n = 15) e 5% (n = 3), respectivamente. Observou-se RA significativo (VD-RA > 17%) em 47 pacientes (77%) antes e em 19 pacientes (31%) após a PDB. Conclusões: A VD-RA após o implante de THV possibilita a avaliação quantitativa da regurgitação pós-TAVI, e pode auxiliar na tomada de decisão quanto à realização ou não da PDB, bem como na avaliação de sua eficácia.

Abstract Background: Balloon post-dilatation (BPD) is often needed for optimizing transcatheter heart valve (THV) implantation, since paravalvular leak (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with poor outcome and mortality. Quantitative assessment of PVL severity before and after BPD is mandatory to properly assess PVL, thus improving implantation results and outcomes. Objective: To investigate a quantitative angiographic assessment of aortic regurgitation (AR) by videodensitometry before and after BPD. Methods: Videodensitometric-AR assessments (VD-AR) before and after BPD were analysed in 61 cases. Results: VD-AR decreased significantly from 24.0[18.0-30.5]% to 12.0[5.5-19.0]% (p < 0.001, a two-tailed p < 0.05 defined the statistical significance). The relative delta of VD-AR after BPD ranged from -100% (improvement) to +40% (deterioration) and its median value was -46.2%. The frequency of improvement, no change, and deterioration were 70% (n = 43), 25% (n = 15) and 5% (n = 3), respectively. Significant AR (VD-AR > 17%) was observed in 47 patients (77%) before and in 19 patients (31%) after BPD. Conclusions: VD-AR after THV implantation provides a quantitative assessment of post-TAVI regurgitation and can help in the decision-making process on performing BPD and in determining its efficacy.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20180139 1210 downloads

Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cytotoxicity Activities of Ruthenium(II)/ Bipyridine/Diphosphine/Pyrimidine-2-thiolate Complexes: The Role of the Non- Coordinated N-Atom
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Lima, Benedicto A. V.

; Corrêa, Rodrigo S.

; Graminha, Angelica E.

; Kuznetsov, Aleksey

; Ellena, Javier

; Pavan, Fernando R.

; Leite, Clarice Q. F.

; Batista, Alzir A.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jan 2016, Volume 27 N. 1 Pages 30 - 40

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The [Ru(Spym)(bipy)(P–P)]PF6, [Spym = pyrimidine-2-thiolate anion; P–P = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical and elemental analysis, and by X-ray crystallography. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the complex concentration causing 50% tumor cell growth inhibition (IC50) against breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, were determined. All three compounds gave promising values in both tests. It is interesting to mention that all three complexes display MICs against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis showing higher activity than cycloserine, a second line drug used in the treatment of the illness. The complexes interact weakly with the DNA.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150237 1791 downloads

Desempenho dos modelos CLIGEN, LARS-WG e PGECLIMA_R na simulação de séries diárias de temperatura máxima do ar para localidades do estado do Paraná
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Virgens Filho, Jorim S. das

; Oliveira, Rafael B. de

; Leite, Maysa de L.

; Tsukahara, Rodrigo Y.

Engenharia Agrícola

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jun 2013, Volume 33 N. 3 Pages 538 - 547

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho dos modelos CLIGEN, LARS-WG e PGECLIMA_R na simulação de séries diárias de temperatura máxima do ar para localidades do Estado do Paraná. Foram utilizadas séries históricas de temperatura máxima do ar das localidades de Campo Mourão, Castro, Curitiba, Ivaí, Londrina, Maringá e Paranaguá. Foram geradas cinco séries de temperatura máxima do ar para cada modelo, nas localidades avaliadas, que foram confrontadas com as respectivas séries históricas. O processo de validação foi composto de análises estatísticas através de testes de significância (sobre as médias mensais (teste t), sobre a variância das médias mensais (teste F), sobre a forma das distribuições de frequência (teste K-S)), de gráficos de tendência anual, de tabelas com os índices "r" de Pearson, "d" de Willmott e “c” de Camargo-Sentelhas. Na simulação de temperatura máxima do ar, os modelos PGECLIMA_R e LARS-WG não diferiram em desempenho, obtendo poucas rejeições e bons resultados nos índices “c”, “d” e “r”. No entanto, o CLIGEN obteve resultado abaixo do esperado, superestimando as temperaturas máximas do ar em dias úmidos e, subestimando-as em dias secos, nas localidades avaliadas.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the models CLIGEN, LARS-WG and PGECLIMA_R in the simulation of daily series of maximum air temperature for localities in the state of Parana, Brazil. It was used time series of maximum air temperature in the localities of Campo Mourão, Castro, Curitiba, Ivaí, Londrina, Maringa and Paranaguá. The validation process consisted of statistical analysis using significance tests (on the monthly average (t test), on the variance of monthly average (F test), on the shape of frequency distributions (K-S test)), of annual trend graphics, of tables with the "r" index of Pearson, "d" index of Willmott and "c" index of Camargo-Sentelhas. In the simulation of maximum air temperature the PGECLIMA_R and LARS-WG generators were not different in performance, obtaining fewer rejections and good results for the "c", "d" and "r" indexes. However CLIGEN obtained the worst results, overestimating the maximum temperatures on wet days and underestimating them on dry days in the localities evaluated in the state of Parana.

1788 downloads

An alternative method for thermal cycling test: effect on the marginal microleakage and bond strength of dental polymer bonded to dentin
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Consani, Simonides

; Sinhoreti, Mário Alexandre Coelho

; Correr-Sobrinho, Lourenço

; Leite, Rodrigo Suiett Braga

; Bortoletto, Karen Juliana

Materials Research

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dec 2012, Volume 15 N. 6 Pages 1045 - 1049

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study evaluated an alternative method for thermal cycling test on the microleakage and bond strength of the polymer-dentin bond. For the microleakage test the cavities were restored with a TEGDMA+UDMA+bis-EMA composite polymer light cured for 20 s. Samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 2 h and sectioned. Microleakage scores were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test. For the shear bond strength test the adhesive was applied to dentin, photoactivated for 10 s and the composite polymer incrementally photoactivated. Samples were submitted to shear bond strength test in a machine with a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test. Studied groups were: 1 - without thermocycling; 2 - thermocycled at 5 ºC and 55 ºC with intermediate bath at 37 ºC; 3 - thermocycled at 5 ºC and 37 ºC; 4 - thermocycled at 37 ºC and 55 ºC; 5 - thermocycled at 5 ºC and 55 ºC (traditional test). Cold baths promoted greater microleakage when compared to control and hot bath, whereas control and hot bath were similar. Cold baths presented significant lower shear bond strength than those submitted to hot bath and control. It was concluded that the alternative method for thermal cycling test showed that cold temperatures increased the microleakage and decreased the bond strength of the polymeric adhesive.

3854 downloads

Genetic variability of a population of Aedes aegypti from Paraná, Brazil, using the mitochondrial ND4 gene
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Twerdochlib, Adriana L.

; Bonna, Ana C. Dalla

; Leite, Selene S.

; Chitolina, Rodrigo F.

; Westphal, Betina

; Navarro-Silva, Mario A.

Revista Brasileira de Entomologia

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jun 2012, Volume 56 N. 2 Pages 249 - 256

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Variabilidade genética de uma população de Aedes aegypti do Paraná, Brasil, usando o gene mitocondrial ND4. Para analisar a variabilidade genética de populações de Aedes aegypti, 156 amostras foram coletadas em dez cidades do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foi examinada a distribuição dos 311 pares de base do gene que codifica a subunidade 4 da enzima NADH desidrogenase. Pela amplificação e o sequenciamento deste fragmento foram identificados 8 haplótipos distintos. Os valores de diversidade genética foram altos (h = 0.702; p = 0.01556). A análise de AMOVA indicou que a maior variação ocorreu dentro das populações com um valor de FST de 0.32996 altamente significativo. Valores de FST foram significativos na maior das comparações entre as cidades. O isolamento por distância não foi significativo (r = -0.1216 e p = 0.755), indicando que a distância genética não está relacionada a distância geográfica. A análise de Neighbor-joining mostrou dois grupos genéticos distintos dentro do estado do Paraná, grupo I e grupo II. O polimorfismo de DNA e os dados de AMOVA indicam decréscimo de fluxo gênico no estado do Paraná, o que pode resultar em aumento da competência vetorial da população.

Genetic variability of a population of Aedes aegypti from Paraná, Brazil, using the mitochondrial ND4 gene. To analyze the genetic variability of populations of Aedes aegypti, 156 samples were collected from 10 municipalities in the state of Paraná, Brazil. A 311 base pairs (bp) region of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) mitochondrial gene was examined. An analysis of this fragment identified eight distinct haplotypes. The mean genetic diversity was high (h = 0.702; p = 0.01556). AMOVA analysis indicated that most of the variation (67%) occurred within populations and the F ST value (0.32996) was highly significant. F ST values were significant in most comparisons among cities. The isolation by distance was not significant (r = -0.1216 and p = 0, 7550), indicating that genetic distance is not related to geographic distance. Neighbor-joining analysis showed two genetically distinct groups within Paraná. The DNA polymorphism and AMOVA data indicate a decreased gene flow in populations from Paraná, which can result in increased vectorial competence.

3465 downloads

10.

Stents farmacológicos liberadores de Everolimus XienceTM V no tratamento de pacientes com lesões coronárias complexas na prática diária: resultados iniciais do registro brasileiro BRAVO
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Abreu-Silva, Erlon O. de

; Costa, Ricardo A.

; Abizaid, Andréa S.

; Perin, Marco

; Cardoso, Rodrigo F.

; Prudente, Maurício L.

; Castello Jr., Hélio J.

; Mangione, José A.

; Medeiros, César R.

; Salvadori, Décio

; Ferreira, Antônio C. N.

; Caramori, Paulo

; Duda, Norberto T.

; Sarmento-Leite, Rogério

; Souza Filho, Newton Stadler de

; Sousa, J. Eduardo

; Wainstein, Marco V.

; Arruda, José Airton de

; Mattos, Luiz Alberto

; Abizaid, Alexandre

Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva

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dec 2011, Volume 19 N. 4 Pages 357 - 366

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

INTRODUÇÃO: A eficácia e a segurança do stent farmacológico (SF) de segunda geração liberador de everolimus XienceTM V (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, Estados Unidos) já foram estabelecidas no tratamento de pacientes selecionados com lesões coronárias. No entanto, o impacto do stent XienceTM V em populações da prática clínica com lesões complexas ainda não está totalmente definido. MÉTODOS: O Registro BRAVO foi um estudo prospectivo, não-randomizado, multicêntrico, que avaliou os resultados clínicos tardios de pacientes minimamente selecionados tratados com o SF XienceTM V na prática diária brasileira. No total, foram incluídos 535 pacientes em 25 centros clínicos entre setembro de 2008 e setembro de 2010. Eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM) foram definidos como morte cardíaca, infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e revascularização do vaso-alvo (RVA). RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes era de 62,7 ± 11,1 anos, 40% dos quais tinham diabetes, 24,9% apresentavam IAM prévio e 41,9% apresentaram-se com síndrome coronária aguda. Cerca de dois terços dos pacientes tinham lesões tipo B2/C e 46,1% trataram a artéria descendente anterior. Implante de múltiplos stents ocorreu em 13,8% dos casos, e o sucesso angiográfico foi > 99%. Na fase intra-hospitalar, a taxa de IAM periprocedimento foi de 1,9%. Já no seguimento de 6 meses, as taxas cumulativas de óbito cardíaco, IAM e RVA foram de 1,1%, 2,2% e 1,3%, respectivamente (taxa de ECAM de 4,3%). Com relação à trombose de stent (definida de acordo com os critérios do Academic Research Consortium ARC), foram reportados 4 casos até 6 meses, representando taxa de evento de 0,75% (0,4% definitiva/provável). CONCLUSÕES: Neste Registro, que incluiu pacientes e lesões complexos tratados em múltiplos centros nacionais, o SF de segunda geração XienceTM V demonstrou excelentes resultados imediatos e efetividade clínica e segurança sustentadas até o seguimento a médio prazo (6 meses). Os resultados do seguimento a longo prazo são aguardados.

BACKGROUND: The XienceTM V everolimus-eluting stent (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, USA), a second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) has demonstrated sustained efficacy and safety in the treatment of selected patients with coronary lesions. However, the impact of the XienceTM V stent in populations from daily clinical practice with complex lesions has not yet been fully determined. METHODS: The BRAVO Registry was a prospective, non-randomized, multicenter study that evaluated the late clinical outcomes of minimally selected patients treated with XienceTM V DES in the Brazilian daily clinical practice. Overall, 535 patients were included in 25 clinical sites between September/2008 and September/2010. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Mean age was 62.7 + 11.1 years, 40% had diabetes, 24.9% had a previous AMI and 41.9% presented with acute coronary syndrome. About two thirds of the patients had type B2/C lesions and 46.1% treated the left anterior descending artery. Multiple stenting procedures were performed in 13.8% of cases and angiographic success was > 99%. During hospitalization, periprocedural AMI rate was 1.9%. At the 6-month follow-up, cumulative rates of cardiac death, AMI and TVR were 1.1%, 2.2% and 1.3%, respectively (MACE rate: 4.3%). There were 4 cases of stent thrombosis (defined according to the Academic Research Consortium ARC) reported within 6 months, representing an event rate of 0.75% (0.4% definite/probable). CONCLUSIONS: In this Registry including complex patients and lesions treated at multiple sites in Brazil, the XienceTM V second generation DES demonstrated excellent immediate results and sustained clinical efficacy and safety at mid-term follow-up (6 months). Long-term results are expected.

1721 downloads

11.

Thermal effect on the microwave assisted biodiesel synthesis catalyzed by lipases
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Costa, Ingrid C. R.

; Leite, Selma G. F.

; Leal, Ivana C. R.

; Miranda, Leandro S. M.

; Souza, Rodrigo O. M. A. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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oct 2011, Volume 22 N. 10 Pages 1993 - 1998

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A reação de esterificação catalisada por lípases foi investigada através da utilização de irradiação de microondas e aquecimento convencional com a finalidade de avaliar a presença de efeitos não térmicos de microondas na síntese de biodisel. Todas as reações foram conduzidas em equipamentos dedicados a síntese orgânica como Monowave 300 e CEM Discover, a 40 ºC e com controle interno da temperatura reacional através do uso de sondas de fibra ótica. Os experimentos sob aquecimento convencional foram realizados em reator automatizado EasyMaxTM (Mettler-Toledo) que também permite o controle da temperatura interna do meio reacional. Os resultados obtidos mostram que não há diferença entre a reação conduzida sob irradiação de microondas e aquecimento convencional, diferentemente do apontado em alguns relatos da literatura.

The esterification reaction mediated by lipases was investigated applying both microwave irradiation and conventional heating in order to evaluate the existence of nonthermal microwave effects on the biodiesel synthesis. All transformations were conducted at 40ºC in both Monowave 300 and CEM Discover instruments that allowed accurate internal reaction temperature measurements with use of fiber-optic probes. The conventional heating experiment was performed in an EasyMaxTM reactor (Mettler-Toledo), which also allowed accurate measurement of the internal temperature. The results revealed no difference on the reaction time or yield, differently than indicated by some results in the literature.

2581 downloads

12.

Manejo do míldio e ferrugem em videira com indutores de resistência: produtividade e qualidade pós-colheita
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Gomes, Erbs C.S.

; Leite, Rodrigo P.

; Silva, Fábio J.A.

; Cavalcanti, Leonardo S.

; Nascimento, Luciana C.

; Silva, Silvanda M.

Tropical Plant Pathology

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oct 2011, Volume 36 N. 5 Pages 332 - 335

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O míldio e a ferrugem da videira estão entre as principais doenças dessa cultura no Brasil provocando grandes perdas em pré e pós-colheita. Trabalhos envolvendo diferentes aspectos da resistência induzida têm sido desenvolvidos com o intuito de promover a redução do uso de pesticidas no campo. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a eficácia da utilização de indutores de resistência no controle dessas doenças em videira 'Isabel', identificando alterações nos aspectos de produtividade e qualidade dos frutos. Foram testados sete tratamentos: produto comercial à base de bioflavonóides cítricos (1,5 L ha-1), bioflavonóides cítricos + fosfito de potássio (1,5 L ha-1 + 130 g 100 L-1), fosfito de potássio (130 g 100 L-1), testemunha pulverizada com água (T), fungicida (metyran + pyraclostrobin) (2 kg ha-1), silicato de alumínio (1%) e Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1,5 L ha-1), quatro repetições de cinco plantas. Foram realizadas 13 pulverizações em intervalos semanais, iniciadas 17 dias após a poda. Os índices de doença foram determinados através das curvas de progresso das doenças segundo normas da produção integrada de frutas, sendo agrupados em quatro períodos (0 a 42 dias após a poda - DAP; 43 a 77 DAP; 78 a 129 DAP e 0 a 129 DAP). As características de produtividade e aspectos de qualidade foram avaliadas aos 126 DAP. Os tratamentos S. cerevisiae e fungicida promoveram os maiores índices de controle do míldio. Entretanto, o uso de S. cerevisiae resultou em queda de produtividade. Não houve efeito significativo dos indutores utilizados sobre a incidência de ferrugem.

Mildew and rust diseases are among the main diseases of the vine crop in Brazil causing great losses in pre- and post-harvest conditions. Studies involving different aspects of induced resistance have been developed with the aim of promoting the reduction of pesticides use in the field. In this research, the effect of elicitors on the control of mildew and rust in vine cultivar Isabel was evaluated. Seven treatments were tested: Citric bioflavonoids (1.5 L ha-1), citric bioflavonoids + potassium phosphite (1.5 L ha-1 + 130 g 100 L-1), potassium phosphite (130 g 100 L-1), control treatment was sprayed with water (T), fungicide (metyran + pyraclostrobin) (2 kg ha-1), aluminum silicate (1%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1.5 L ha-1), four replications and five plants per replication. The disease indexes were determined using progress curve of disease in grapevine according PIF (Integrated Fruits Production) for four periods (0 to 42 days post pruning - DAP, 43 to 77 DAP, 78 to 129 DAP and 0 to 129 DAP). The yield components and quality aspects were evaluated at 126 DAP. The use of S. cerevisiae and fungicide promoted the highest mildew control. However, the use of S. cerevisiae decreased the yield. No significant effects of the elicitors were observed on rust incidence.

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13.

Efeitos da suplementação de fibras solúveis sobre as células do sistema imune após exercício exaustivo em ratos treinados
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Donatto, Felipe F.

; Prestes, Jonato

; Ferreira, Clílton K.O.

; Dias, Rodrigo

; Frollini, Anelena B.

; Leite, Gerson S.

; Urtado, Christiano B.

; Verlengia, Rozangela

; Palanch, Adriane C.

; Perez, Sérgio E.A.

; Cavaglieri, Cláudia R.

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

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dec 2008, Volume 14 N. 6 Pages 528 - 532

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A intensidade, volume, modalidade de exercício, assim como o nível de aptidão e fatores nutricionais podem alterar a reposta imunológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação crônica de farelo de aveia (fonte de fibras solúveis) sobre as células do sistema imunológico em ratos treinados, frente a um teste de exaustão. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, ± dois meses, peso ± 200g, divididos em três grupos (n = 9, cada um): 1) controle sedentário (C); 2) treinado oito semanas submetido ao teste de exaustão (EX); e 3) treinado oito semanas submetido ao teste de exaustão com suplementação de 30% de farelo de aveia (EXA). O treinamento consistiu de 60 minutos de natação diários, cinco dias por semana durante oito semanas. As análises realizadas foram: contagem total de leucócitos, linfócitos dos linfonodos mesentéricos, macrófagos peritoneais e capacidade fagocitária de macrófagos peritoneais. Aplicou-se o teste estatístico ANOVA two way, seguido do post hoc de Tukey com p < 0,05. O grupo EX apresentou leucocitose quando comparado com o controle, o que não ocorreu no grupo EXA, porém, na comparação entre os grupos exercitados EXA, mostrou menor leucocitose em relação a EX. Não houve alteração significativa nos linfócitos teciduais em nenhum dos grupos exercitados. Tanto o número de macrófagos peritoneais como a capacidade fagocitária desta célula foram maiores nos grupos exercitados. Porém, no grupo suplementado a capacidade fagocitária foi maior em relação ao grupo exaustão sem farelo de aveia. A suplementação de fibras solúveis demonstrou resultados benéficos com relação às alterações imunológicas induzidas pelo exercício extenuante, além de aumentar a capacidade fagocitária de macrófagos peritoniais em ratos treinados durante oito semanas submetidos ao teste de exaustão.

Exercise modality, volume, intensity, as well as physical fitness and nutritional factors may modulate the immune response. The purpose of this investigation was to verify the effects of chronic oat bran supplementation on immune cells in trained rats submitted to an extenuating test. Wistar rats (two months old), +200g weight, divided into three groups (n = 9, per group) were used: 1) a sedentary control (C) 2) trained for eight weeks submitted to an exhaustion test (EX), and 3) trained for eight weeks submitted to an exhaustion test with 30% oat bran supplementation (EXA). Training consisted of 60 daily minutes of swimming, five days a week, during eight weeks. The analyses conducted were: total leukocytes, lymphocytes from lymph nodes, peritoneal macrophages and peritoneal macrophages phagocytic capacity. Statistical analyses were done by the two-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). EX group presented leukocytosis when compared to control; however, EXA group did not. In exercised group, comparison with EXA has shown lower leukocytosis in relation to EX. No significant alteration was observed for tissue lymphocytes in any of the exercised groups. The number of peritoneal macrophages as well as phagocytic capacity of this cell was higher in exercised groups. In oat bran supplemented group the phagocytic capacity was higher as compared to exhaustion group without oat bran. Soluble fibers supplementation has shown benefic results with regard to immune alterations induced by exhaustive exercise, and increased peritoneal macrophages phagocytic capacity in rats trained for eight weeks submitted to an exhaustion test.

5248 downloads

14.

Síntese, avaliação biológica e modelagem molecular de arilfuranos como inibidores da enzima tripanotiona redutase
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Oliveira, Renata B. de

; Zani, Carlos L.

; Ferreira, Rafaela S.

; Leite, Rodrigo S.

; Alves, Tânia M. A.

; Silva, Thaís H. A. da

; Romanha, Alvaro J.

Química Nova

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2008, Volume 31 N. 2 Pages 261 - 267

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes a severe disease (Chagas'disease) in Central and South America. The currently available chemotherapeutic agents against this disease are still inadequate. The enzyme trypanothione reductase (TR) is considered a validated molecular target for the development of new drugs against this parasite. In this regard, a series of arylfurans based on 2,5-bis-(4-acetamidophenyl)furan was synthesized and tested for their in vitro inhibitory activity against TR. Molecular modeling studies of putative enzyme-inhibitor complexes revealed a possible mechanism of interaction. From synthesized compounds, a benzylaminofuran derivative was found to be more active than the lead compound.

4820 downloads

15.

Eucalyptus ESTs involved in the production of 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a regulatory enzyme of abscisic acid production
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Guerrini, Iraê A.

; Trigueiro, Rodrigo M.

; Leite, Regina M.

; Wilcken, Carlos F.

; Velini, Edivaldo D.

; Mori, Edson S.

; Furtado, Edson L.

; Marino, Celso L.

; Maia, Ivan G.

Genetics and Molecular Biology

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2005, Volume 28 N. 3 Pages 640 - 643

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates stress responses in plants, and genomic tools can help us to understand the mechanisms involved in that process. FAPESP, a Brazilian research foundation, in association with four private forestry companies, has established the FORESTs database (<A HREF="https://forests.esalq.usp.br">https://forests.esalq.usp.br</A>). A search was carried out in the Eucalyptus expressed sequence tag database to find ESTs involved with 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), the regulatory enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, using the basic local BLAST alignment tool. We found four clusters (EGEZLV2206B11.g, EGJMWD2252H08.g, EGBFRT3107F10.g, and EGEQFB1200H10.g), which represent similar sequences of the gene that produces NCED. Data showed that the EGBFRT3107F10.g cluster was similar to the maize (Zea mays) NCED enzyme, while EGEZLV2206B11.g and EGJMWD2252H08.g clusters were similar to the avocado (Persea americana) NCED enzyme. All Eucalyptus clusters were expressed in several tissues, especially in flower buds, where ABA has a special participation during the floral development process.

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