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Knowledge, attitude, perception and education on contact lenses for refractive errors in Kenya
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Timothy, Chikasirimobi G.

; van Staden, Diane W.

; Chepkeitany, Harun C.

; Osuagwu, Levi U.

; Shaviya, Nathan

African Vision and Eye Health

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2023, Volume 82 N. 1 Pages 1 - 8

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Globally, contact lenses are an important part of the management process for refractive errors. Contact lenses are accepted widely in developed countries, but they are currently less used in developing countries like Kenya AIM: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) (both pre- and post-education) to contact lens uptake specifically for correction of refractive errors by patients attending a Kenyan University Eye Clinic SETTING: Academic Vision Centre, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya METHODS: A quasi-experimental cross-sectional study was performed by reviewing all records from February 2014 to March 2020; 360 records were purposively selected. Thereafter, a structured questionnaire with educative content on contact lenses was administered by phone and online to determine KAP. Responses were collected over a period of one month. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions were categorised and scored, and descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used for data analysis RESULTS: More women (58.3%) and mostly students (59.2%) participated, with ages from 16 to 38 years (mean age and standard deviation of 22.85 ± 4.32). Overall, there was poor knowledge of contact lenses for refractive errors (96.7%). Attitudes to contact lenses were unfavourable, both pre- and post-education (94.7% and 92.8%). Perceptions of contact lens uptake were negative pre-education (92.5%) but positive post-education (95.3% CONCLUSION: Education changed perceptions of contact lens usage for refractive errors correction, but even with some focused education, negative attitudes and poor knowledge regarding contact lenses persisted in the sample. Practitioners should inform patients about contact lenses as a possibility for refractive error management, and institutions training eye care providers should consolidate their clinical teaching regarding contact lenses CONTRIBUTION: This study showed that the more people with refractive errors are knowledgeable about contact lenses, the more uptake of contact lenses will happen, optometrists and ophthalmologists should educate people more on contact lenses

https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v82i1.738

Emotional, hyperactivity and inattention problems in adolescents with immunocompromising chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Campos, Reinan T.

; Lindoso, Livia

; Sousa, Renan A. de

; Helito, Alberto C.

; Ihara, Bianca P.

; Strabelli, Claudia A.A.

; Paradelas, Levi M.V.

; Carneiro, Beatriz O.L.

; Cardoso, Maria Paula R.

; Souza, Jean Paulo V. de

; Freire, Marianna R. de M.

; Astley, Camilla

; Laurentino, Moisés F.

; Buscatti, Izabel M.

; Kozu, Katia

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Sallum, Adriana M.E.

; Ferreira, Juliana CO.

; Simon, Juliana R.

; Viana, Vivianne S.L.

; Queiroz, Ligia B.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Watanabe, Andréia

; Grangeiro, Patricia M.

; Casella, Caio B.

; Farhat, Sylvia C.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Campos, Lucia Maria A.

; Silva, Clovis A.

Clinics

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2023, Volume 78 elocation 100167

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: To assess factors associated with emotional changes and Hyperactivity/Inattention (HI) motivated by COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with immunocompromising diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 343 adolescents with immunocompromising diseases and 108 healthy adolescents. Online questionnaires were answered including socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and validated surveys: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0). Results: The frequencies of abnormal emotional SDQ scores from adolescents with chronic diseases were similar to those of healthy subjects (110/343 [32%] vs. 38/108 [35%], p = 0.548), as well as abnormal hyperactivity/inattention SDQ scores (79/343 [23%] vs. 29/108 [27%], p = 0.417). Logistic regression analysis of independent variables associated with abnormal emotional scores from adolescents with chronic diseases showed: female sex (Odds Ratio [OR = 3.76]; 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 2.00–7.05; p < 0.001), poor sleep quality (OR = 2.05; 95% CI 1.08–3.88; p = 0.028) and intrafamilial violence during pandemic (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.12–4.19; p = 0.021) as independently associated with abnormal emotional scores, whereas total PedsQL score was inversely associated with abnormal emotional scores (OR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93–0.96; p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis associated with abnormal HI scores from patients evidenced that total PedsQL score (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–0.99; p = 0.010], changes in medical appointments during the pandemic (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.19–0.79; p = 0.021), and reliable COVID-19 information (OR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.16–0.77; p = 0.026) remained inversely associated with abnormal HI scores. Conclusion: The present study showed emotional and HI disturbances in adolescents with chronic immunosuppressive diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reinforces the need to promptly implement a longitudinal program to protect the mental health of adolescents with and without chronic illnesses during future pandemics.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100167

Revisitando o Experimento de Eratóstenes: medida do raio de Terra
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Azevedo, Levi O. A.

; Ribeiro, Orlando S.

; Costa, Natanael C.

; Sinnecker, Elis H. C. P.

; Gandelman, Miriam

Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física

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2022, Volume 44 elocation e20210354

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste trabalho, medimos o raio da Terra reproduzindo o histórico experimento de Eratóstenes, realizado por volta de 240 a.C., nas antigas cidades de Siena e Alexandria. Aqui, obtemos as medidas nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro-RJ e Teresina-PI, cidades cujas coordenadas de longitude são muito próximas. Utilizando equipamentos simples, como fios de prumo e cartolinas, medimos, de forma simultânea, a inclinação dos raios solares sobre a superfície da Terra quando o Sol está no ponto mais alto do céu. Através de dados de satélites – para a determinação da distância (latitude) entre as cidades – e pelas medidas obtidas para a diferença dos ângulos em cada cidade, estimamos o raio médio volumétrico da Terra com um erro de 0 , 5% em relação aos valores da literatura. Ademais, a partir da diferença do horário em que o Sol fica no ponto mais alto do céu nos locais de medida, estimamos a velocidade angular de rotação da Terra em torno do seu próprio eixo. Com isso, apresentamos (de forma didática e simples) como obter a curvatura média do planeta, assumindo uma superfície de forma aproximadamente esférica, além da sua velocidade de rotação.

In this work, we measure the volumetric mean radius of the Earth, reproducing the historical experiment of Eratosthenes, carried out around 240 BC, in the ancient cities of Siena and Alexandria. Here, we perform measurements in the cities of Rio de Janeiro-RJ-Brazil and Teresina-PI-Brazil, whose longitude coordinates are close. Using simple equipment, such as plumb lines and rulers, we simultaneously measure the height of an object and its shadow’s length at midday, when the Sun is at its highest elevation, in order to obtain the shadow angle. After determining the distance (latitude) between cities from satellite data, we use the measured shadow angles to estimate the volume mean radius of the Earth, from basic trigonometric arguments, finding a result whose error is 0.5% with respect to the literature. Furthermore, from the difference of time in which the Sun is at the highest point in the sky in each location, we also estimate the Earth’s angular velocity. In summary, we pedagogically present how to obtain the mean curvature of the planet, assuming an approximately spherical surface, in addition to its angular velocity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-rbef-2021-0354

Ressonância e aderência no Memorial Machadinha
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CARNEIRO, LEVI ALVES FIRME

; BORGES, LUIZ CARLOS

Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material

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2022, Volume 30 elocation e15

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este trabalho analisa as relações sociais dos sujeitos da comunidade quilombola da Machadinha e a cultura por ela e nela preservada. Uma interação patrimônio-sociedade em constante transformação no espaço e no tempo, em que o presente comunitário está permanentemente interligado ao passado e à memória da antiga fazenda Machadinha, engenho de cana de açúcar previamente existente na região. Nosso foco será o estudo da mudança de narrativas percebida e a consequente reformulação da exposição de longa duração do Memorial Machadinha, que se seguiu à mudança em sua gestão. O Memorial se propõe ser um aparato cultural com ênfase na memória e história do quilombo. Buscaremos evidenciar as especificidades presentes nas relações entre a população e o poder público local, bem como no patrimônio cultural da comunidade, analisando-as a partir dos conceitos de “ressonância”, cunhado por Stephen Greenblatt, e de “aderência”, cunhado por Luiz C. Borges e Marcio D’Olne Campos.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the relations between the social actors who live in the Machadinha quilombola community and the culture preserved there. A heritage-society interaction in constant change throughout space and time, in which the community is permanently linked to the past and memory of the ancient farm, former sugar cane mill located in the region. This study focuses on the change in perceived narratives and the consequent reformulation of the permanent exhibition at the Machadinha Memorial, following its management change. The Memorial aims to be a cultural apparatus that emphasizes the memory and history of the quilombo. The text highlights the specificities of the relations between the population and the local public authorities, as well as the cultural heritage of the community, analyzing them based on Stephen Greenblatt’s concept of “resonance” and Luiz C. Borges and Marcio D’Olne Campos’ “adherence”.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02672022v30e15

Co-occurrence patterns between false coral snake Atractus latifrons (Günther, 1868) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) and venomous coral snakes from the Amazon
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ALMEIDA, PAULA CAROLINA R. DE

; FEITOSA, DARLAN T.

; TERRIBILE, LEVI CARINA

; FREITAS-OLIVEIRA, RONIEL

; PRUDENTE, ANA LÚCIA C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20210991

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Batesian mimicry may result in remarkable cases of phenotypic convergence that represent classic examples of evolution through natural selection. The existence of mimicry systems among coral snakes, however, remains controversial because of contradictions between the predictions of mimetic theory and the empirical patterns of co-occurrence and species abundance. Here, we analyze the geographic distribution of coral snake species of the genus Micrurus and populations of the false coral snake Atractus latifrons in Amazonia, and perform ecological niche modeling (ENM) analyzes to generate potential geographic distributions of species of Micrurus and A. latifrons, identify patterns of co-occurrence and assess whether the distribution of A. latifrons coincides with the distribution of Micrurus species, which could suggest the existence of a possible mimetic relationship between the species. We identified six Micrurus species that may represent mimetic models for A. latifrons. The results of the co-occurrence analysis corroborates the results from ENM, indicating that chromatic patterns of A. latifrons and their respective model species are aggregated. Our study suggests that all color patterns of A. latifrons – including the tricolor monads, and the more common tricolor dyads and tricolor tetrads – may benefit from the resemblance with other Micrurus species as perfect and imperfect mimics.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220210991

Ultrasensitive molecular tests for Plasmodium detection: applicability in control and elimination programs and reference laboratories
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Aschar, Mariana

; Sanchez, Maria Carmen A.

; Costa-Nascimento, Maria de Jesus

; Farinas, Maria de Lourdes R. N.

; Hristov, Angélica D.

; Lima, Giselle F. M. C.

; Inoue, Juliana

; Levi, José E.

; Di Santi, Silvia M.

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2022, Volume 46 elocation e11

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objectivo. Avaliar ferramentas moleculares para detectar parasitemia de baixo nível e as cinco espécies de Plasmodium que infectam humanos, para utilização em programas de controlo e eliminação e em laboratórios de referência. Métodos. Avaliámos 145 amostras de sangue de doentes que testaram positivo por reacção em cadeia da polimerase aninhada (nPCR), de indivíduos assintomáticos, e do Programa Global de Paludismo da Organização Mundial de Saúde/Serviço Nacional de Avaliação da Qualidade Externa do Reino Unido. As amostras foram ensaiadas utilizando o RealStar® Malaria PCR Kit 1.0 (alt-Gen; altona Diagnostics) e o RealStar® Malaria Screen & Type PCR Kit (alt-S&T; altona Diagnostics). Os resultados dos testes moleculares foram comparados com os resultados da PCR quantitativa (qPCR), nPCR e exame da gota espessa. Resultados. Os níveis de parasitemia variaram de 1 a 518 000 parasitas/µL, dependendo da espécie. Em comparação com a nPCR, alt-S&T tinha uma sensibilidade de 100%, excepto na identificação de P. falciparum, para a qual a sensibilidade era de 93,94%. Todas as amostras positivas por alt-Gen foram também positivas por nPCR. Ao comparar alt-Gen com qPCR, a sensibilidade foi de 100% para P. vivax, P. malariae e P. falciparum. Para todas as espécies Plasmodium, a correlação entre os valores limiares de ciclo de alt-S&T e alt-Gen comparados com qPCR foi significativa (P < 0,0001, teste de Spearman), com r = 0,8621 para alt-S&T e r = 0,9371 para alt-Gen. Quando todas as espécies de Plasmodium foram consideradas, houve uma correlação negativa entre o nível de parasitemia e os valores limiares do ciclo de PCR em tempo real (P < 0,0001). Neste estudo, apenas 2 de 28 amostras de indivíduos assintomáticos foram positivas por exame da gota espessa; no entanto, todas estas 28 amostras foram positivas por alt-S&T. Conclusões. Os ensaios alt-Gen e alt-S&T são adequados para a detecção de infecções submicroscópicas para fins epidemiológicos distintos, tais como para utilização em inquéritos e laboratórios de referência e o rastreio em bancos de sangue, o que contribuirá para os esforços globais de eliminação da malária.

ABSTRACT Objective. To evaluate molecular tools to detect low-level parasitemia and the five species of Plasmodium that infect humans for use in control and elimination programs, and in reference laboratories. Methods. We evaluated 145 blood samples from patients who tested positive by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), from asymptomatic individuals and from the WHO Global Malaria Programme/United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service. Samples were assayed using the genus-specific RealStar® Malaria PCR Kit 1.0 (alt-Gen; altona Diagnostics) and the RealStar® Malaria Screen & Type PCR Kit (alt-S&T; altona Diagnostics). The results from the molecular tests were compared with those from quantitative PCR (qPCR), nPCR and thick blood smear. Results. The levels of parasitemia ranged from 1 to 518 000 parasites/µL, depending on the species. Compared with nPCR, alt-S&T had a sensitivity of 100%, except for identifying P. falciparum, for which the sensitivity was 93.94%. All samples positive by alt-Gen were also positive by nPCR. When comparing alt-Gen to qPCR, the sensitivity was 100% for P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. For all Plasmodium species, the correlation between cycle threshold values of alt-S&T and alt-Gen compared with qPCR was significant (P < 0.0001, Spearman’s test), with r = 0.8621 for alt-S&T and r = 0.9371 for alt-Gen. When all Plasmodium species were considered, there was a negative correlation between the level of parasitemia and real-time PCR cycle threshold values (P < 0.0001). In this study, only 2 of 28 samples from asymptomatic individuals were positive by thick blood smear; however, all 28 of these samples were positive by alt-S&T. Conclusions. The alt-Gen and alt-S&T assays are suitable for detecting submicroscopic infections for distinct epidemiological purposes, such as for use in surveys and reference laboratories, and screening in blood banks, which will contribute to global efforts to eliminate malaria.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar herramientas moleculares para detectar bajos niveles de parasitemia y las cinco especies de Plasmodium que infectan a los seres humanos, a fin de emplearlas en los programas de control y eliminación y en los laboratorios de referencia. Métodos. Se evaluaron 145 muestras de sangre de pacientes positivos por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa anidada (nPCR), de individuos asintomáticos y de muestras del Programa Mundial de Malaria de la Organización Mundial de la Salud/Servicio Nacional de Evaluación Externa de Calidad del Reino Unido. Las muestras se analizaron con el kit de PCR RealStar® Malaria 1.0 (alt-Gen; altona Diagnostics), específico para cada género, y con el kit de PCR RealStar® Malaria Screen & Type (alt-S&T; altona Diagnostics). Se compararon los resultados de las pruebas moleculares con los de la PCR cuantitativa (qPCR), la nPCR y el frotis de gota gruesa. Resultados. Los niveles de parasitemia oscilaron entre 1 y 518 000 parásitos/µl, según la especie. En comparación con la nPCR, la prueba alt-S&T tuvo una sensibilidad del 100%, excepto para la identificación de P. falciparum, para el cual la sensibilidad fue del 93,94%. Todas las muestras positivas por alt-Gen lo fueron también por nPCR. Al comparar alt-Gen con la qPCR, la sensibilidad fue del 100% para P. vivax, P. malariae y P. falciparum. Para todas las especies de Plasmodium, la correlación entre los valores del umbral de ciclo de alt-S&T y alt-Gen en comparación con la qPCR fue significativa (P < 0,0001, prueba de Spearman), con r = 0,8621 para alt-S&T y r = 0,9371 para alt-Gen. Cuando se consideraron todas las especies de Plasmodium hubo una correlación negativa entre el nivel de parasitemia y los valores de umbral de ciclo de PCR en tiempo real (P < 0,0001). En este estudio, solo 2 de las 28 muestras de individuos asintomáticos fueron positivas por frotis de gota gruesa; sin embargo, las 28 muestras fueron positivas por alt-S&T. Conclusiones. Los ensayos alt-Gen y alt-S&T son adecuados para detectar infecciones submicroscópicas con distintos fines epidemiológicos, como su uso en investigaciones y laboratorios de referencia y el cribado en bancos de sangre, lo que contribuirá a los esfuerzos mundiales para eliminar la malaria.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2022.11

Endemic Atlantic Forest species of Caryophyllales as inhibitors of viral infection in zucchini
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Pereira, Marcos Vinicius M

; Alexandre, Maria Amélia V

; Chaves, Alexandre Levi R

; Souza, Ana Cláudia O de

; Bernacci, Luís Carlos

; Nagai, Alice

; Santos, Déborah Yara AC dos

; Duarte, Lígia Maria L

Horticultura Brasileira

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apr 2021, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 146 - 154

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO No Brasil, a abobrinha-de-moita (Cucurbita pepo L.) é uma olerícola de importância socioeconômica que tem sofrido prejuízos crescentes, devido principalmente aos danos causados pela infecção pelo zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Embora a ocorrência do cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) seja menos frequente, em plantas de C. pepo ‘Caserta’ ele pode causar sintomas como mosqueado, mosaico, distorção de folhas e frutos, além de redução do desenvolvimento das plantas. Para minimizar o prejuízo, a medida de manejo mais utilizada é a aplicação preventiva, porém ineficiente, de inseticidas, visando ao controle da população de afídeos, vetores desses vírus. Assim, a busca por formas de controle ambientalmente menos danosas tem sido alvo de investigação. Este estudo visou avaliar a ação de extratos foliares de espécies nativas de Caryophyllales, como inibidoras da infecção pelo CMV e ZYMV em C. pepo e como indutoras de resistência. Extratos de folhas frescas (EFs) de Guapira opposita, Pisonia ambigua (Nyctaginaceae), Gallesia integrifolia e Seguieria langsdorffii (Phytolaccaceae), previamente avaliados no patossistema tobacco mosaic virus / Nicotiana glutinosa, foram submetidos a diluições progressivas e pulverizados em folhas cotiledonares de C. pepo, 30 min antes da inoculação com o CMV e ZYMV. EFs de G. integrifolia não induziram qualquer inibição em nenhum dos patossistemas. EFs de G. opposita induziram inibição da infecção das plantas inoculadas com o ZYMV inferior a 50%. Na concentração de 1:40, inibiu a infecção das plantas pelo CMV em 70%. Como os extratos foliares de P. ambigua e S. langsdorffii induziram altas porcentagens de inibição, essas espécies foram selecionadas para avaliação de indução de resistência, em experimentos de pré-tratamentos. Os EFs inibiram a infecção de ZYMV e CMV em C. pepo, quando aplicados até 48 h antes da inoculação. Os EFs de S. langsdorffii e G. opposita, também testada para esse sistema, foram eficientes quando aplicados até 72 h antes da inoculação do CMV. Constatou-se que os EFs podem ser preparados a partir de folhas secas e mantidos a -20°C por, pelo menos três anos, conservando a sua atividade inibidora. Esses resultados expandem as possibilidades de manejo das principais viroses da abobrinha-de-moita, de maneira sustentável, sem causar danos ao ambiente, aos produtores e aos consumidores.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) is a socioeconomically important vegetable affected by damage caused primarily by zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Although the occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is less frequent, in C. pepo ‘Caserta’ plants it can cause symptoms such as mottle, mosaic, leaf and fruit distortion, as well as reduced plant development. To minimize the damage, the most widely used management technique is the preventive, albeit inefficient, application of insecticides, aimed at controlling aphids, the vectors of this virus. Thus, the search for more effective and less environmentally harmful control methods has been the target of investigations. The purpose of the present study was to assess the action of the extracts of four native Caryophyllales species, as inhibitors of infection by CMV and ZYMV in C. pepo, in addition to evaluating the possible induced resistance in this species. Fresh leaf extracts (LEs) of Guapira opposita, Pisonia ambigua (Nyctaginaceae), Gallesia integrifolia and Seguieria langsdorffii (Phytolaccaceae), previously assessed in the tobacco mosaic virus / Nicotiana glutinosa pathosystem, were submitted to progressive dilutions sprayed on cotyledonary C. pepo leaves 30 min before inoculation with CMV and ZYMV. Leaf extracts of G. integrifolia did not induce inhibition in any of the pathosystems assessed. Guapira opposita LEs inhibited the infection of plants inoculated with ZYMV below 50% but inhibited CMV infection by 70% at a concentration of 1:40. Given that leaf extracts of P. ambigua and S. langsdorffii induced high percentage inhibition, evident in the number of asymptomatic plants and confirmed by serological tests, these species were selected to assess induced resistance in pre-treatment experiments. The LEs were efficient in inhibiting ZYMV and CMV infection in C. pepo when applied up to 48 h before inoculation. The LEs of S. langsdorffii and G. opposita, also tested for this system, were efficient when applied up to 72 h before CMV inoculation. The LEs can be prepared from dry leaves and maintained at -20°C for at least three years, conserving their inhibitory activity. These results expand the possibilities for producers and consumers alike in the sustainable management of the main zucchini viruses, without damaging the environment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-0536-20210204 111 downloads

Rodríguez Wallenius, C. (2020). Defender los territorios frente al despojo. Luchas socioambientales y disputa de proyectos de sociedad en México. México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Unidad Xochimilco. División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades. 234 pp., ISBN 978-607-28-2053-1
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López Levi, Liliana

Investigaciones geográficas

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2021, N. 106 elocation e60508

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.60508 8 downloads

The hidden Plasmodium malariae in blood donors: a risk coming from areas of low transmission of malaria
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Aschar, Mariana

; Levi, José Eduardo

; Farinas, Maria L. R. N.

; Montebello, Sandra C.

; Mendrone-Junior, Alfredo

; Di Santi, Silvia Maria

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e100

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Malaria is an infectious vector-borne disease with other important routes of transmission, such as blood transfusion and organ/tissue transplantation, due to asymptomatic reservoirs of Plasmodium presenting with low parasitemia. Reports of transfusion-transmitted malaria have shown that in immunosuppressed recipients, infections can be fatal if they are not diagnosed and timely treated. All Plasmodium species can survive on blood components at temperatures from 2 to 6 °C for some days or even weeks. This report describes two candidates for blood donation harboring Plasmodium, infected in an area considered non-endemic. Blood samples were collected from donors who attended a blood bank in Sao Paulo and tested by microscopy, qPCR for Plasmodium genus-specific amplification, targeting the parasite 18S ribosomal subunit gene and a multiplex qPCR based on mtDNA of the five species. Under microscopy, only structures resembling Plasmodium were observed. The qPCR whose standard curve tested parasites varying from 2 to 0.1 parasites/ µL, showed the presence of Plasmodium DNA in the two blood donors, as did the multiplex qPCR that revealed the presence of P. malariae. The prevalence of positive donors varies according to the level of transmission, ranging from 0.7 to 55% in endemic areas. In non-endemic regions, prevalences are lower, however, transfusion malaria can evolve to severe cases, due to the lack of suspicion of this transmission route. Asymptomatic donors from low transmission regions pose a risk to blood banks, with particular emphasis on those located in areas with malaria elimination goals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062100 359 downloads

10.

Immunoreactivity of proteins within 30-40 kDa range during the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis
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Fonseca, Priscilla Duarte Marques

; Corral, Marcelo Andreeta

; Meisel, Dirce Mary C. Lima

; Levi, Debora

; Nascimento, Rafael Correa

; Castro-Borges, William

; Gryschek, Ronaldo

; Costa-Cruz, Julia Maria

; Paula, Fabiana Martins de

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e23

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In experimental infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis, the acute and recovery phases can be distinguished, unlike human infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies and the recognition of immunogenic protein bands during the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis. Rats were infected subcutaneously with 400 or 4,000 S. venezuelensis infective larvae. The acute phase was characterized by elimination of a large number of eggs in the faeces on days 6-14 post infection; the recovery phase was characterized by the resolution of the infection between days 30 and 35 post infection. Differences in IgG levels were observed in the acute and the recovery phases. Different antigenic fractions were recognized in both phases of infection. It is concluded that proteins within the 30-40 kDa range are immunoreactive markers for both the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis, particularly using membrane antigen.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062023 373 downloads

11.

Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics
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Tozetto-Mendoza, Tania Regina

; Avelino-Silva, Vivian Iida

; Fonseca, Silvia

; Claro, Ingra Morales

; Paula, Anderson Vicente de

; Levin, Anna Sara

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

; Mendes-Correa, Maria Cassia

; Figueiredo, Walter Manso

; Felix, Alvina Clara

; Souza, Nathalia C. Santiago

; Costa, Angela Aparecida

; Inenami, Marta

; Silva, Rosangela M. Gasparetto da

; Levi, José Eduardo

; Romano, Camila Malta

; Paranhos-Baccalà, Glaucia

; Segurado, Aluisio Cotrim

; Mayaud, Philippe

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2019, Volume 61 elocation e19

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) clinical presentation and frequency/duration of shedding need further clarification. Symptomatic ZIKV-infected individuals identified in two hospitals in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, were investigated regarding clinical characteristics, shedding in body fluids, and serodynamics. Ninety-four of 235 symptomatic patients (Site A: 58%; Site B: 16%) had Real-Time PCR-confirmed ZIKV infection; fever, headache and gastrointestinal symptoms were less frequent, and rash was more frequent compared to ZIKV-negative patients. Real-Time PCR in serum had worse performance compared to plasma, while urine had the highest sensitivity. Shedding in genital fluids and saliva was rare. IgM positivity was the highest <14 days after the symptoms onset (86%), decreasing >28 days (24%); IgG positivity increased >14 days (96%) remaining positive in 94% of patients >28 days. ZIKV prevalence varied importantly in two neighboring cities during the same transmission season. Urine Real-Time PCR can improve diagnostic sensitivity; serum testing is less useful. Accurate serological tests are needed to improve diagnosis and surveillance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961019 2345 downloads

12.

PCR-RFLP assay as an option for primary HPV test
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Golfetto, L.

; Alves, E.V.

; Martins, T.R.

; Sincero, T.C.M.

; Castro, J.B.S.

; Dannebrock, C.

; Oliveira, J.G.

; Levi, J.E.

; Onofre, A.S.C.

; Bazzo, M.L.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2018, Volume 51 N. 5 elocation e7098

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an essential factor of cervical cancer. This study evaluated the analytical performance of restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) assay compared to PapilloCheck® microarray to identify human papilloma virus (HPV) in cervical cells. Three hundred and twenty-five women were analyzed. One sample was used for conventional cytology and another sample was collected using BD SurePath™ kit for HPV tests. Eighty samples (24.6%) were positive for HPV gene by PCR-Multiplex and were then submitted to PCR-RFLP and PapilloCheck® microarray. There was a genotyping agreement in 71.25% (57/80) on at least one HPV type between PCR-RFLP and PapilloCheck® microarray. In 22 samples (27.5%), the results were discordant and those samples were additionally analyzed by DNA sequencing. HPV 16 was the most prevalent HPV type found in both methods, followed by HPVs 53, 68, 18, 39, and 66 using PCR-RFLP analysis, and HPVs 39, 53, 68, 56, 31, and 66 using PapilloCheck® microarray. In the present study, a perfect agreement using Cohen's kappa (κ) was found in HPV 33 and 58 (κ=1), very good for HPV 51, and good for types 16, 18, 53, 59, 66, 68, 70, and 73. PCR-RFLP analysis identified only 25% (20/80) HPV coinfection, and PapilloCheck® microarray found 62.5% (50/80). Our Cohen's kappa results indicate that our in-house HPV genotyping testing (PCR-RFLP analysis) could be applied as a primary HPV test screening, especially in low income countries. If multiple HPV types are found in this primary test, a more descriptive test, such as PapilloCheck® microarray, could be performed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20177098 1993 downloads

13.

Nutritional value, performance, feeding behavior and serum biochemical profile of sheep fed with alfalfa hay replacing Bermuda grass ( Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) hay
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Silva, José C. da

; Véras, Antonia C.

; Carvalho, Francisco R. de

; Ferreira, Marcelo A.

; Souza, Evaristo O. de

; Barreto, Lígia G.

; Lopes, Levi A.

; Silva, Juliana V. da

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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2017, Volume 77 N. 4 Pages 340 - 345

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Grasses and legumes are two groups of plants physic and chemically different (amount of crude protein and fiber, mostly), very used in animal feed, whose differences can determine variation in intake, digestibility and animal behavior. We aimed to evaluate performance, feeding behavior and the serum biochemical profile of sheep. The treatments were four levels of substitution of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon [L. ] Pers.) hay for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay (0, 330, 660 and 1000 g kg-1 DM). The randomized block design was used being two blocks and four treatments with 10 replicates). There were no effects on the performance of animals. On the other hand, there was a positive linear effect (P < 0.05) for intake of DM, organic matter, crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. However, the use of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) showed linear decrease with the increase in alfalfa hay (P < 0.05). CP and NDF decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with the replacement of Bermuda grass hay for alfalfa hay. There were decreasing linear effects (P < 0.05) when compared to the time of ingestion and chewing of feed, and increasing linear effects regarding total resting time. Estimated passage rate, density of particles and blood glucose showed a positive linear effect (P < 0.05), while weight of gastrointestinal contents decreased according to alfalfa levels (P < 0.05). The replacement of Bermuda grass hay by alfalfa hay to promote improvement in the performance is not recommended.

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14.

Evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of Brazilian red macroalgae organic extracts
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Machado, Levi P.

; Carvalho, Luciana R.

; Young, Maria Cláudia M.

; Cardoso-Lopes, Elaine M.

; Centeno, Danilo C.

; Zambotti-Villela, Leonardo

; Colepicolo, Pio

; Yokoya, Nair S.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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dec 2015, Volume 25 N. 6 Pages 657 - 662

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Alzheimer's disease affects nearly 36.5 million people worldwide, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition is currently considered the main therapeutic strategy against it. Seaweed biodiversity in Brazil represents one of the most important sources of biologically active compounds for applications in phytotherapy. Accordingly, this study aimed to carry out a quantitative and qualitative assessment of Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J.V. Lamouroux, Ochtodes secundiramea (Montagne) M.A. Howe, and Pterocladiella capillacea (S.G. Gmelin) Santelices & Hommersand (Rhodophyta) in order to determine the AChE effects from their extracts. As a matter of fact, the O. secundiramea extract showed 48% acetylcholinesterase inhibition at 400 μg/ml. The chemical composition of the bioactive fraction was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS); this fraction is solely composed of halogenated monoterpenes, therefore allowing assignment of acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity to them.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.09.003 2036 downloads

15.

MINIESTAQUIA EM SISTEMA DE HIDROPONIA E EM TUBETES DE CORTICEIRA-DO-MATO
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Cunha, Ana Catarina M. C. Mori da

; Wendling, Ivar

; Souza Júnior, Levi

Ciência Florestal

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mar 2008, Volume 18 N. 1 Pages 85 - 92

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a técnica de miniestaquia como método de propagação vegetativa de corticeira-do-mato (Erythrina falcata Benth.) quanto à produção e sobrevivência das minicepas nas sucessivas coletas, quanto ao percentual de enraizamento e do crescimento em altura e ainda o diâmetro do coleto das mudas originadas, comparando dois sistemas de manejo na formação do minijardim clonal (sistema hidropônico e em tubetes). As minicepas foram obtidas partindo de mudas produzidas via sementes de corticeira-do-mato, das quais se promoveram podas e coletas sucessivas de miniestacas. Os resultados demonstraram a eficiência da técnica para a propagação vegetativa dessa espécie, atingindo média geral de 85,5% de enraizamento. Em termos gerais, a miniestaquia de corticeira-do-mato, partindo de material de origem seminal, é uma opção para produção de mudas dessa espécie, nas condições em que a semente é um insumo limitante ou com problemas de germinação. Nas condições em que foram conduzidos os estudos podem ser obtidas mudas aptas para o plantio definitivo entre quatro a cinco meses de idade.

ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the minicutting technique as a method for vegetative propagation of corticeira-do-mato (Erythrina falcate Benth.) in terms of the production, survival of the ministumps after successive collections of minicuttings, as well as rooting and growth (height and root collar diameter) of the formed seedlings, being compared two handled systems (in hydroponics systems and in plastic tubetes). The ministumps were obtained from seedlings of Erythrina falcata, where successive collections of minicuttings were promoted. Results demonstrated to the efficiency of the technique for the vegetative propagation of this species, reaching average generality of 85,5% of rooting. In general terms, the minicuttings technique, from seminal material, is an alternative for production of seedlings of this species during the whole year and in the conditions that the seeds are limiting input or with germination problems. In the same conditions that the studies were led obtained seedlings can be gotten for the definitive planting between four to five months of age.

https://doi.org/10.5902/19805098513 397 downloads

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